Formulas for Fibonacci-Like Sequences Produced by Pascal-Like Triangles

In this paper we are going to present three formulas to express Fibonacci-like sequences with the Fibonacci sequence. We constructed Pascal-like triangles using probabilities of a game, and these Pascal-like triangles can be considered generalizations of the well known Pascal\u27s triangle. Using these triangles, we can make Fibonacci-like sequences. We discovered an interesting formula for these Fibonacci-like sequences. We could generalize this formula, and got some interesting formulas that combine these Fibonacci-like sequences and the Fibonacci-sequence. These formulas can reveal very interesting relationships between Fibonacci-like sequences and the Fibonacci sequence, and we can expect a rich possibility of the research from these Fibonacci-like sequences

IS ACTN3 R577X GENOTYPE ASSOCIATED WITH WEIGHT-BEARING INDEX IN MALE COLLEGE STUDENTS?

The purpose of this study was to determine the association between weight-bearing index (WBI) and ACTN3 genotype in male college students. Subjects were healthy male college students aged 18 to 21 years old. The maximal static forces of knee extension (leg strength) of the subjects were measured, and WBI was calculated by dividing the leg strength by the subjects’ body weight. Genomic DNA was extracted from each subject using hair strands, and its base sequence determined genotypes in RR, RX, and XX. Welch-type ANOVA revealed that WBI in the XX type was greater than in the RR and RX types despite no significant difference in leg strength and lean body mass among genotypes. Although it is difficult to find apparent or direct evidence to explain this result, some inferences can be proposed, such as compensatory force exertion based on its muscle fibers, regulation in calcineurin via the α-actine-2 gene, or functional enhancement of myoglobin-based endurance slow muscles in XX type may increase muscular activities against gravity, making WBI greater

Thermomechanical noise of arrayed capacitive accelerometers with 300-NM-gap sensing electrodes

2017 19th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (TRANSDUCERS), 18-22 June 2017.Thermomechanical noise of arrayed capacitive accelerometers with sub-micrometer sensing electrodes was evaluated. The unit accelerometer of the array was 80-μm square, designed as a proportional scale-down of a conventional single-axis accelerometer. Since the size effect shows the capacitance sensitivity per unit volume increases by proportional downsizing, a 10-by-10 array of the one-tenth sized unit accelerometer would have the same sensitivity of a single accelerometer of same occupied area. However, the thermomechanical noise needs to be controlled and reduced by vacuum encapsulation because size reduction causes noise increase. By measuring the electrical impedance at the resonant frequency, the damping coefficient was estimated using electrical equivalent circuit modeling. The estimated thermomechanical noise was reduced below 3 μg√VHZ by encapsulating at 100 Pa, which is low enough for instrumentation applications

Expression profiles of urbilaterian genes uniquely shared between honey bee and vertebrates

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Large-scale comparison of metazoan genomes has revealed that a significant fraction of genes of the last common ancestor of Bilateria (Urbilateria) is lost in each animal lineage. This event could be one of the underlying mechanisms involved in generating metazoan diversity. However, the present functions of these ancient genes have not been addressed extensively. To understand the functions and evolutionary mechanisms of such ancient Urbilaterian genes, we carried out comprehensive expression profile analysis of genes shared between vertebrates and honey bees but not with the other sequenced ecdysozoan genomes (honey bee-vertebrate specific, HVS genes) as a model.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We identified 30 honey bee and 55 mouse HVS genes. Many HVS genes exhibited tissue-selective expression patterns; intriguingly, the expression of 60% of honey bee HVS genes was found to be brain enriched, and 24% of mouse HVS genes were highly expressed in either or both the brain and testis. Moreover, a minimum of 38% of mouse HVS genes demonstrated neuron-enriched expression patterns, and 62% of them exhibited expression in selective brain areas, particularly the forebrain and cerebellum. Furthermore, gene ontology (GO) analysis of HVS genes predicted that 35% of genes are associated with DNA transcription and RNA processing.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These results suggest that HVS genes include genes that are biased towards expression in the brain and gonads. They also demonstrate that at least some of Urbilaterian genes retained in the specific animal lineage may be selectively maintained to support the species-specific phenotypes.</p

Effective colloidal processing for densification before SPS

In conventional dry processing, fine particles tend to agglomerate spontaneously due to Van der Waals attractive forces. Since the agglomeration of particles forms large residual pores in green bodies, elevated temperatures are necessary for densification. Colloidal processing is a very effective technique for controlling the pore size distribution in green compacts before sintering. The green compacts having small residual pores with a narrow size distribution is expected to enhance the densification at low sintering temperature during SPS. We already reported that colloidal processing for controlling the packing structure in green compact is effective for densification in SPS in the case of SiC. A commercially available SiC (6H) powder with the average particle size of 0.55 mm was used as the starting materials. When using the dry processing for consolidation, the density of the sample sintered by SPS in a vacuum atmosphere at 1950°C was 92% of the theoretical value. Aqueous suspensions with dispersed particles were prepared by adjusting pH and consolidated by slip casting to prepare the dense green compacts. The relative density of SiC prepared by SPS was increased with increasing temperature and reached more than 97% at 1950°C as shown in Fig. 1. In this presentation, this processing was applied to fabrication of transparent alumina. Commercially available Al2O3 powder with the average particle size of 0.4 mm was used as the starting materials. Suspensions with 30 vol% solid were consolidated by slip casting. The green compacts before sintering were further densified by cold isostatic pressing at 392 MPa for 10 min and calcined at 500°C for 1 h in air in order to burn off the dispersant. Final sintering was carried out at 1150°C under a uniaxial pressure of 100 MPa using an SPS. After rapid heating to 600°C, the temperature was raised from 600°C to 1150°C using a heating rate of 5°C/min. After holding samples at the sintering temperature for 10 min and then subsequently annealing them at 1000°C for 10 min, we obtained a sintered disk with a diameter of 25 mm and a thickness of 2 mm. Fig. 2(a) shows the photograph of the sample from the green compact prepared by slip casting, Fig2(b) is the sample densified by SPS from the as-received powder directly. The transparency of the sample prepared by slip casting is clearer than that of the sample by SPS from the as-received powder directly. Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

Pharmacokinetics of Beclomethasone Dipropionate in an Hydrofluoroalkane-134a Propellant System in Japanese Children with Bronchial Asthma

ABSTRACTBackgroundHydrofluoroalkane-134a (HFA) has been shown to be a safe replacement for chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) as a pharmaceutical propellant, with the advantage that it has no ozone-depleting potential. This is the first report of the pharmacokinetics of beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) delivered from a pressurized solution formulation using an HFA propellant system (HFA-BDP) in Japanese children with bronchial asthma.MethodsPlasma concentrations of beclomethasone 17-monopropionate (17-BMP), a major metabolite of BDP, following an inhaled dose of HFA-BDP (200 μg as four inhalations from 50 μg/actuation) in five Japanese children with bronchial asthma were quantified and analyzed by a non-compartmental analysis to obtain pharmacokinetic parameters.ResultsThe area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to the last quantifiable time (AUC0-t) was 1659 ± 850 pg • h/mL (arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (SD)), the maximum concentration observed (Cmax) was 825 ± 453 pg/mL and the apparent elimination half-life (t1/2) was 2.1 ± 0.7 hours. The time to reach Cmax (Tmax) was 0.5 hours in all patients. No special relationship was observed between these parameters and age or body weight. These parameters were compared with the previously reported parameters of American children with bronchial asthma. The Japanese/American ratio of the geometric means of each parameter was 1.36 for AUC0-t, 1.04 for Cmax and 1.4 for t1/2. The median of Tmax was 0.5 hours in American patients as well as Japanese patients.ConclusionsThe pharmacokinetics of HFA-BDP in Japanese children with bronchial asthma are reported for the first time and a similarity to those in American children is suggested

Lymphocyte Responses to Chymotrypsin- or Trypsin V-Digested β-Lactoglobulin in Patients with Cow's Milk Allergy

<p/> <p>Chymotrypsin- or trypsin V- (a mixture of trypsin and chymotrypsin) digested β-lactoglobulin (BLG) peptides were prepared and were confirmed to have much less immunoglobulin (lg)G and lgE reactivity compared with intact BLG by IgG inhibition enzymelinked immunosorbent assay and IgE dot blotting. The lymphocyte responses to intact BLG and these peptides were examined using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 10 patients with cow's milk allergy. The PBMCs from most patients had lower lymphocyte responses to chymotrypsin- and trypsin V-digested BLG peptides than those to intact BLG. However, PBMCs from one and two patients retained significant proliferative responses to both peptides and to only the former peptide, respectively. Interferon-c production stimulated by chymotrypsin-digested peptides was still detectable in all five patients tested. Chymotrypsindigested BLG reduced lgE reactivity but still induced some lymphocyte responses.</p

Long-Term Outcome of Endoscopic Balloon Dilation in Obstructive Gastrointestinal Crohn's Disease: A Prospective Long-Term Study

Background The short- and long-term results of balloon dilation therapy in Crohn's patients with non-anastomotic obstructive gastrointestinal lesions are investigated