Otimizaçâo das condições de preparação de eletrodos à base de carbono cerâmico utilizando-se planejamento fatorial

Different parameters of carbon ceramic electrodes (CCE) preparation, such as type of precursor, carbon material, catalyst amount, among others, significantly influence the morphological properties and consequently their electrochemical responses. This paper describes a 2³ factorial design (2 factors and 3 levels with central point replicates), which the factors analyzed were catalyst amount (HCl 12 mol L-1), graphite/precursor ratio, and precursor type (TEOS - tetraethoxysilane and MTMOS - methyltrimetoxysilane). The design resulted in a significant third order interaction for peak current values (Ipa) and a second order interaction for potential difference (ΔE), between thefactors studied, which could not be observed when using an univariated study

Revising the Student Experiment Materials and Practices at the National University of Laos

The National University of Laos (NUOL) invited a group of volunteers from the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) to revise the physics experiments to utilize the materials that were already available to students. The intension was to review and revise the materials regularly utilized in physics class. The project had access to limited materials and a small budget for the class in the unit; however, by developing experimental textbooks related to mechanics, electricity, and wave and vibration, the group found a way to apply them in the classroom and enhance the students teaching activities. The aim was to introduce a way to incorporate the materials and practices in the classroom to enhance the students learning and teaching skills, particularly when they graduate and begin working as high school teachers

A Difference in Professional Ability that Young Teachers Feel from Skilled Teachers through Lesson Study -Basic Investigation Toward Development of a System that Supports Young Teachers for Enhancement of Professional Ability-

教師の職能の成長は今も昔も変わらず国の重要な課題の1つとなっている。これまで教師の職能成長に重要な役割を果たしてきたものの1つが授業研究であると言えるが、近年は教師の多忙さなどの理由で実施されにくくなっているのが現状である。このことから、筆者らは空間的・時間的制約を部分的に解消可能なネットワークを活用したWebベースの授業研究支援「eLESSER」プログラムを開発・実施した。2005年度に実施したこのプログラムには4人の教師が参加した。このうち2人は教師経験15年以上の熟練教師であり、プログラムのプロセスで授業設計、実施、授業についての議論を行った。残りの2人は教師経験10年未満の若手教師で、2人の熟練教師による活動をWeb上で観察した。本稿では、このeLESSERプログラムを通して若手教師が感じた熟練教師との職能差について調査・分析した結果について報告し、若手教師の職能成長を支援するシステム開発への指針を示す

Current state of therapeutic development for rare cancers in Japan, and proposals for improvement

This article discusses current obstacles to the rapid development of safe and effective treatments for rare cancers, and considers measures required to overcome these challenges. In order to develop novel clinical options for rare cancers, which tend to remain left out of novel therapeutic development because of their paucity, efficient recruitment of eligible patients, who tend to be widely dispersed across the country and treated at different centers, is necessary. For this purpose, it is important to establish rare cancer registries that are linked with clinical studies, to organize a central pathological diagnosis system and biobanks for rare cancers, and to consolidate patients with rare cancers to facilities that can conduct clinical studies meeting international standards. Establishing an all‐Japan cooperative network is essential. Clinical studies of rare cancers have considerable limitations in study design and sample size as a result of paucity of eligible patients and, as a result, the level of confirmation of the efficacy and safety shown by the studies is relatively low. Therefore, measures to alleviate these weaknesses inherent to external conditions need to be explored. It is also important to reform the current research environment in order to develop world‐leading treatment for rare cancers, including promotion of basic research, collaboration between industry and academia, and improvement of the infrastructure for clinical studies. Collaboration among a wide range of stakeholders is required to promote the clinical development of treatment for rare cancers under a nationwide consensus