Toll-Like Receptor 9-Mediated Inflammation Triggers Alveolar Bone Loss in Experimental Murine Periodontitis

Chronic periodontitis is a local inflammatory disease induced by a dysbiotic microbiota and leading to destruction of the tooth-supporting structures. Microbial nucleic acids are abundantly present in the periodontium, derived through release after phagocytic uptake of microbes and/or from biofilm-associated extracellular DNA. Binding of microbial DNA to its cognate receptors, such as Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), can trigger inflammation. In this study, we utilized TLR9 knockout (TLR9−/−) mice and wild-type (WT) controls in a murine model of Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced periodontitis and report the first in vivo evidence that TLR9 signaling mediates the induction of periodontal bone loss.P. gingivalis-infected WT mice exhibited significantly increased bone loss compared to that in sham-infected WT mice or P. gingivalis-infected TLR9−/−mice, which were resistant to bone loss. Consistent with this, the expression levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and receptor-activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) were significantly elevated in the gingival tissues of the infected WT mice but not in infected TLR9−/− mice compared to their levels in controls. Ex vivo studies using splenocytes and bone marrow-derived macrophages revealed significantly diminished cytokine production in TLR9−/− cells relative to the cytokine production in WT cells in response to P. gingivalis, thereby implicating TLR9 in inflammatory responses to this organism. Intriguingly, compared to the cytokine production in WT cells, TLR9−/− cells exhibited significantly decreased proinflammatory cytokine production upon challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (TLR4 agonist) or Pam3Cys (TLR2 agonist), suggesting possible cross talk between TLR9, TLR4, and TLR2. Collectively, our results provide the first proof-of-concept evidence implicating TLR9-triggered inflammation in periodontal disease pathogenesis, thereby identifying a new potential therapeutic target to control periodontal inflammation

99mTc generator using molybdenum nanoparticles

The version of record of this article, first published in Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, is available online at Publisher’s website: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-023-09173-

Profile of Blood Glucose in Diabetic Patient Suffered from Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis with Effective Low Carbohydrate Diet

The case was 52-year-old female with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for 10-years. She complained of the decreased sensation of right lower foot, and revealed diabetic foot infection (DFI) and/or diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO) at right 1st proximal phalanx. Various data included body mass index (BMI) 33.3 kg/m2, HbA1c 11.4%, blood glucose 430 mg/dL, WBC 12100 /μL, C-reactive Protein (CRP) 13.5 mg/dL. On admission (day 1), she was started by 4 times of injection (Aspart and Glargin) with glucose profile 200-500 mg/dL. Surgical amputation of the right toe was performed between 1st metatarsal and proximal phalanx (day 17). Then, blood glucose profile decreased moderately. After discharge of the hospital, super-Low Carbohydrate Diet (LCD) was started without Aspart (day 37). Consequently, glucose profile was normalized with HbA1c 6.3% on (day 77). Consequently, LCD was evaluated to be effective for glucose variability in this case and some related discussion was described

Transform-Limited Photon Emission From a Lead-Vacancy Center in Diamond Above 10 K

Transform-limited photon emission from quantum emitters is essential for high-fidelity entanglement generation. In this study, we report the coherent optical property of a single negatively-charged lead-vacancy (PbV) center in diamond. Photoluminescence excitation measurements reveal stable fluorescence with a linewidth of 39 MHz at 6 K, close to the transform-limit estimated from the lifetime measurement. We observe four orders of magnitude different linewidths of the two zero-phonon-lines, and find that that the phonon-induced relaxation in the ground state contributes to this huge difference in the linewidth. Due to the suppressed phonon absorption in the PbV center, we observe nearly transform-limited photon emission up to 16 K, demonstrating its high temperature robustness compared to other color centers in diamond.Comment: 13 pages,4 figure

Risk factors for postoperative deep infection in bone tumors

金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系Background: Postoperative deep infection after bone tumor surgery remains a serious complication. Although there are numerous reports about risk factors for postoperative deep infection in general surgery, there is only a small number of reports about those for bone tumor surgery. This retrospective study aimed to identify risk factors for postoperative deep infection after bone tumor resection. Methods: We reviewed data of 681 patients (844 bone tumors) who underwent surgery. Associations between variables, including age, recurrent tumor, pathological fracture, surgical site (pelvis/other), chemotherapy, biological reconstruction, augmentation of artificial bone or bone cement, the use of an implant, intraoperative blood loss, operative time, additional surgery for complications, and postoperative deep infection were evaluated. Results: The rate of postoperative deep infection was 3.2% (27/844 tumors). A pelvic tumor (odds ratio [OR]: 3.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0–11.3) and use of an implant (OR: 9.3, 95% CI: 1.9–45.5) were associated with an increased risk of deep infection. Conclusions: This retrospective study showed that pelvic tumor and use of an implant were independent risk factors for deep infection. This information will help surgeons prepare an adequate surgical plan for patients with bone tumors. © 2017 Miwa et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited

Preparation and characterization of tea tree oil-β-cyclodextrin microcapsules with super-high encapsulation efficiency

This study aimed to prepare tea tree oil-β-cyclodextrin microcapsules using an optimized co-precipitated method. The impact of the volume fraction of ethanol in the solvent system for microencapsulation on encapsulation efficiency was investigated and analyzed sophisticatedly. Super-high encapsulation efficiency was achieved when a 40% volume fraction of ethanol was used for the microencapsulation procedure, where the recovery yield of microcapsules and the embedding fraction of tea tree oil in microcapsules were as high as 88.3% and 94.3%, respectively. Additionally, considering the operation cost, including time and energy consumption, an economical preparation was validated so that it would be viable for large-scale production. Based on the results of morphological and X-ray diffraction analysis, the crystal structure appeared to differ before and after microencapsulation. The results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the successful formation of microcapsules. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of the fabricated microcapsules was assessed by a simple growth inhibition test using Bacillus subtilis as the study object, and the hydrophilic property was proved by a water contact angle measurement

Characterization of Mechanically Alloyed Powders for High-Cr Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Ferritic Steel

High-Cr oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) ferritic steel powders with the nominal composition of Fe–16Cr–4Al–0.1Ti–0.35Y2O3 in wt% were produced by milling of elemental powders and Y2O3 particles in argon atmosphere to investigate changes in the particle properties during mechanical alloying (MA). SEM observation and PSD analysis revealed that the MA powders milled for different times were composed of agglomerated particles having multimodal distributions with substantial size variation ranging from several μm to 350 μm. The mean size of particles rapidly increased at the initial stage of MA, then gradually decreased to 22 μm with increasing milling time up to 48 h, and kept constant thereafter. During milling of the Fe–16Cr–4Al–0.1Ti–0.35Y2O3 powder, MA within 6 h had mainly taken place between Fe and Al to form a bcc-Fe(Al) solid solution. The lattice constant of bcc-Fe steadily increased with a drastic increase in the solute concentrations of Cr, Al, and Ti in Fe. Alloying between Fe and alloying elements is almost fulfilled after milling for 48 h. The MA powder milled in air was much smaller than that milled in gaseous argon under the same conditions. Milling in an air atmosphere is effective to reduce the particle size of the ODS ferritic steel powder, although the pickup of oxygen from environment causes too high excess oxygen content

Ken-ichi Yoshida Spray Cooling Under Reduced Gravity Condition

The present paper reports on the results of a series of authors' parabolic flight experiments on spray cooling in addition to ground-based experiments in which the influence of heater orientation and the behavior of rebounded droplets were especially studied in detail