VENTRICULAR ENLARGEMENT AND WATER INTOXICATION IN SCHIZOPHRENIA

To determine the extent to which atrophy was related to water intoxication in schizophrenic patients, ventricular enlargement in polydipsic schizophrenic patients with hyponatremia and schizophrenic controls without hyponatremia was measured in a linear way. Ventricular enlargement was found in both schizophrenic patient groups, and larger ventricles were associated with water intoxication. It is suggested that ventricular enlargement may reflect a developmental or degenerative pathological process involving the occurrence of water intoxication in schizophrenia

Low zone tolerance requires ICAM-1 expression to limit contact hypersensitivity elicitation.

Painting subsensitizing doses of contact sensitizers on skin (low-dose tolerization) induces antigen (Ag)-specific tolerance, known as low zone tolerance (LZT), which has been experimentally demonstrated by the inhibition of contact hypersensitivity (CHS). Although LZT resulted from the inhibition of the sensitization phase, the effects on the effector/elicitation phase remain unknown. L-selectin and ICAM-1 regulate leukocyte influx into inflamed tissues during the elicitation phase of CHS. LZT was investigated in mice lacking either L-selectin or ICAM-1 to evaluate the roles these leukocyte receptors play in LZT during the elicitation phase. Low-dose tolerization effectively suppressed CHS in wild-type and L-selectin-deficient mice, but not in ICAM-1-deficient mice. Low-dose-tolerized ICAM-1-deficient splenocytes effectively suppressed the elicitation phase in naive wild-type recipients. Sensitized ICAM-1-deficient splenocytes showed normal proliferative responses to the sensitizing Ag and generated normal CHS in wild-type recipients. Thus, ICAM-1 deficiency did not affect sensitization. LZT was associated with a lack of ICAM-1 upregulation after elicitation, suggesting a potentially mechanistic role for ICAM-1. The blockade of IL-10, a possible mediator of LZT, produced by hapten-specific suppressor cells, abrogated LZT and restored ICAM-1 upregulation. These results indicate that low-dose tolerization controls CHS by abrogating ICAM-1 upregulation during the elicitation phase

Enhanced Reactivity of [Hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo]benzene in Fluoroalcohol Media. Efficient Direct Synthesis of Thienyl(aryl)iodonium Salts

molecule

WATER INTOXICATION IN A DRUG-FREE SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENT

A 27-year-old woman with schizophrenia disorder developed water intoxica- tion due to primary polydipsia in drug-free state. Manner of vasopressin secretion was investigated with water loading and hypertonic saline infusion. The sensitivity of vasopres- sin secretion response to changing osmolality was low in this patient, which might be involved in the occurrence of water intoxication, linked to Type Ⅳ SIADH

Prevalence and Impact of Past History of Food Allergy in Atopic Dermatitis

Background: Increases in allergic diseases have been reported from various epidemiological surveys. However, a few reports demonstrate the comorbidity of food allergy (FA) and allergic march. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and comorbidity of allergic diseases in Japanese students. Methods: First-year students (n = 3,321; 2,209 male and 1,112 female) at Osaka University were asked about allergic diseases using postal interview sheets. Personal and family histories of doctor-diagnosed allergic diseases, clinical courses, and aggravating factors were included in the questionnaires. Results: The lifetime prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR), atopic dermatitis (AD), bronchial asthma (BA), and FA was 35.7%, 16.5%, 9.9%, and 7.0%, respectively. Disease-specific family histories existed for AR, AD, and BA. There was a positive correlation between the number of family histories of allergic disease and comorbidity (R = 0.370, P < 0.001). Comorbidity with AD significantly lowered the onset age of both BA (P = 0.010) and AR (P < 0.001). In addition, the onset age of AD was remarkably lowered by comorbidity with FA (P < 0.001). Comorbidity with FA was the highest risk factor for the progression of allergic march. Although most students showed improvement in AD, BA, and AR over time, the peak recurrence period was observed in adolescence. Conclusions: These findings indicate that AD associated with FA accelerates the subsequent progression of allergic march. Early appropriate management for genetically high-risk groups is important for the prevention of allergic march