The Effects of Font Type on Reading Accuracy and Fluency in Japanese Children with Developmental Dyslexia

We administered rapid reading tasks in Japanese children (32 with typical development and 24 with developmental dyslexia), and investigated the effects of two different font types: Rounded-Gothic and Mincho style font. In the experiment, we used four kinds of stimuli: two scripts (paragraphs and random kana character non-words) in two font types (Rounded-Gothic and Mincho style font). In this experiment, the duration time, the number of errors and the number of self-corrections were measured during reading. Participants were asked which font type was easier to read. There was no significant difference in the duration time, the number of errors and the number of self-corrections between two types of fonts among the 56 participants. On the other hand, regarding subjective readability, the developmental dyslexia group reported that the Rounded-Gothic font was easier to read. There was a difference between objective and subjective readability. In this study, there was no difference in reading performance of Rounded-Gothic and Mincho style fonts in Japanese children with developmental dyslexia

The Japanese Society of Pathology Guidelines on the handling of pathological tissue samples for genomic research: Standard operating procedures based on empirical analyses

Genome research using appropriately collected pathological tissue samples is expected to yield breakthroughs in the development of biomarkers and identification of therapeutic targets for diseases such as cancers. In this connection, the Japanese Society of Pathology (JSP) has developed “The JSP Guidelines on the Handling of Pathological Tissue Samples for Genomic Research” based on an abundance of data from empirical analyses of tissue samples collected and stored under various conditions. Tissue samples should be collected from appropriate sites within surgically resected specimens, without disturbing the features on which pathological diagnosis is based, while avoiding bleeding or necrotic foci. They should be collected as soon as possible after resection: at the latest within about 3 h of storage at 4°C. Preferably, snap‐frozen samples should be stored in liquid nitrogen (about −180°C) until use. When intending to use genomic DNA extracted from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue, 10% neutral buffered formalin should be used. Insufficient fixation and overfixation must both be avoided. We hope that pathologists, clinicians, clinical laboratory technicians and biobank operators will come to master the handling of pathological tissue samples based on the standard operating procedures in these Guidelines to yield results that will assist in the realization of genomic medicine

Crystallization and crystal properties of squid rhodopsin

Truncated rhodopsin from the retina of the squid Todarodes pacificus was extracted and crystallized by the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method. Hexagonal crystals grown in the presence of octylglucoside and ammonium sulfate diffracted to 2.8 Å resolution

Activation of the c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Pathway by MST1 Is Essential and Sufficient for the Induction of Chromatin Condensation during Apoptosis▿

Chromatin condensation is the most recognizable nuclear hallmark of apoptosis. Cleavage and activation of MST1 by caspases induce chromatin condensation. It was previously reported that, during apoptosis, activated MST1 induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation and also phosphorylated histone H2B. However, which of these mechanisms underlies MST1's induction of chromatin condensation has yet to be clarified. Here, we report that MST1-mediated activation of JNK is both essential and sufficient for chromatin condensation. MST1 activation did not result in chromatin condensation in mitogen-activate protein kinase kinase 4 (MKK4)/MKK7 double knockout (MKK4/7 DKO) embryonic stem (ES) cells, which genetically lack the ability to activate JNK. On the other hand, constitutively active JNK was able to induce chromatin condensation in MKK4/7 DKO ES cells. In contrast, histone H2B phosphorylation did not correlate with chromatin condensation in wild-type ES cells. Finally, inhibition of JNK as well as inhibitor of caspase-activated DNase blocked chromatin condensation during Fas-mediated apoptosis of Jurkat cells. Taken together, our results indicate that caspase-mediated cleavage of MST1, followed by MST1-mediated activation of the JNK pathway, is the mechanism responsible for inducing chromatin condensation during apoptosis

Reconstruction of the House of Culture

Josiek, Miriam - příjmení z předávacího seznamuPrezenční226 - Katedra architekturyvelmi dobř

5,9-Dioxa-13b-Oxophosphanaphtho[3,2,1-<i>de</i>]anthracenes Prepared by Tandem Phospha-Friedel–Crafts Reaction as Hole-/Exciton-Blocking Materials for OLEDs

We report a short synthesis of phosphorus-fused triarylphosphine oxides, 5,9-dioxa-13b-oxophosphanaphtho­[3,2,1-<i>de</i>]­anthracenes (DOPNAs), based on a tandem phospha-Friedel–Crafts reaction. Phosphorescence, UV–visible absorption, and photoelectron yield spectroscopy of vacuum-deposited thin films revealed that the triplet energies, optical band gaps, and ionization potentials of these materials were sufficiently large for them to be utilized in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Therefore, we fabricated a set of phosphorescent OLEDs based on the above phosphine oxides, confirming that the utilization of these compounds as hole-/exciton-blocking materials significantly improved OLED efficiencies and lifetimes