Periphyton-based jaraqui (Semaprochilodus Insignis) culture with two types of substrates at different densities

Influences of two types of substrates, natural (macrophyte, Pistia stratiotes) and artificial (plastic screen) were evaluated at 3 differrent densities (10, 20, 30%) on periphyton development, water quality and growth performance of jaraqui (Semaprochilodus insignis). Fish of average initial weight 1.46-1.69 g and length 4.15-4.26 cm stocked at 1/m2 in 46 m2 masonry tanks were grown for 120 days. The tanks were fertilized with urea, triple superphosphate and wheat bran. The types and densities of substrates tested did not drastically influence water quality. Natural substrate harboured higher periphyton biomass (1.48±0.09 mg/cm2) as well as species diversity (28 genera) than the artificial substrate (0.84±0.12 mg/cm2, 20 genera,). Fish in 10% and 20% artificial substrate and 20% natural substrate treatments showed better mean values of body weight (24.64, 23.86, 29.26 g respectively) on termination of the experiment. Fish survival was the lowest in 30% natural substrate (84.1%) and highest in 10% artificial substrate (94.2%). Higher fish biomass was recorded in 20% natural and 10% artificial substrate treatments (25.05 and 21.71 g/m2), which amounts to a four-month yield of 250 and 217 kg/ha in the two treatments. © Published by Central Fisheries Research Institute (CFRI) Trabzon, Turkey

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Incidence and mortality rates of selected infection-related cancers in Puerto Rico and in the United States

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In 2002, 17.8% of the global cancer burden was attributable to infections. This study assessed the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of stomach, liver, and cervical cancer in Puerto Rico (PR) for the period 1992-2003 and compared them to those of Hispanics (USH), non-Hispanic Whites (NHW), and non-Hispanic Blacks (NHB) in the United States (US).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Age-standardized rates [ASR(World)] were calculated based on cancer incidence and mortality data from the PR Cancer Central Registry and SEER, using the direct method and the world population as the standard. Annual percent changes (APC) were calculated using the Poisson regression model from 1992-2003.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The incidence and mortality rates from stomach, liver and cervical cancer were lower in NHW than PR; with the exception of mortality from cervical cancer which was similar in both populations. Meanwhile, the incidence rates of stomach, liver and cervical cancers were similar between NHB and PR; except for NHB women who had a lower incidence rate of liver cancer than women in PR. NHB had a lower mortality from liver cancer than persons in PR, and similar mortality from stomach cancer.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The burden of liver, stomach, and cervical cancer in PR compares to that of USH and NHB and continues to be a public health priority. Public health efforts are necessary to further decrease the burden of cancers associated to infections in these groups, the largest minority population groups in the US. Future studies need to identify factors that may prevent infections with cancer-related agents in these populations. Strategies to increase the use of preventive strategies, such as vaccination and screening, among minority populations should also be developed.</p

Expresión de vimentina y su relación con las clases moleculares y el pronóstico en cáncer de mama

Introducci&oacute;n: La vimentina es un marcador mesenquimal y est&aacute; relacionado con mayor invasi&oacute;n celular y peor pron&oacute;stico. Objetivo: Evaluar la expresi&oacute;n inmunohistoqu&iacute;mica de vimentina en las clases moleculares del carcinoma de mama y su relaci&oacute;n con algunas variables clinicopatol&oacute;gicas y su evoluci&oacute;n. M&eacute;todo: En 378 pacientes diagnosticadas de adenocarcinoma ductal infiltrante se analiz&oacute; la expresi&oacute;n de la vimentina y se compararon los resultados obtenidos con las clases moleculares Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2 y triple negativo (TN), y con la supervivencia global (SG). Resultados: La expresi&oacute;n positiva de vimentina se observ&oacute; en 101 pacientes (26,7 %) y fue mayor en mujeres menores de 50 a&ntilde;os (61,4 %). La SG promedio en las pacientes negativas al marcador fue de 49,37 meses y en las positivas de 35,53 meses. El 81,5 % de los tumores TN resultaron positivos a vimentina. Conclusi&oacute;n: Se observ&oacute; una relaci&oacute;n estad&iacute;sticamente significativa entre la expresi&oacute;n del marcador y la SG con respecto a todas las variables clinicopatol&oacute;gicas consideradas y la clase molecular. En las pacientes estudiadas se evidenci&oacute; que la expresi&oacute;n de vimentina ayuda a identificar aquellas que tendr&aacute;n una peor evoluci&oacute;n.Palabras clave: Vimentina. Clase molecular. Transici&oacute;n epitelial-mesenquimal.SUMMARY Introduction: Vimentin is a mesenchymal marker and is associated with increased cell invasion and poor prognosis. Objective: To evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of vimentin in the molecular classes of breast carcinoma and its relation with some clinicopathological variables and evolution. Method: In 378 patients diagnosed with infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma of the breast the expression of vimentin was analyzed and the results were compared with the molecular classes Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2 and triple negative (TN), and with overall survival (OS). Results: Positive expression of vimentin was observed in 101 patients (26.7 %) and was higher in women younger than 50 years (61.4 %). The mean OS in patients negative to the marker was 49.37 months, and 35.53 months in the positive ones. 81.5 % of TN tumors were positive for vimentin. Conclusion: There was a statistically significant relationship between the expression of the marker and the OS with respect to all clinicopathological variables considered and the molecular class. In the patients studied it was evidenced that the expression of vimentin helps to identify those that will have a worse evolution.Key words: Vimentin. Molecular class. Epithelialmesenchymal transition

Adenosine deaminase is a specific partner for the Grb2 isoform Grb3-3

Grb3-3 is an isoform of Grb2, thought to arise by alternative splicing, that lacks a functional SH2 domain but retains functional SH3 domains, which allow interaction with other proteins through binding to prolinerich sequences. Several evidences suggest that besides common partners for Grb2 and Grb3-3, specific targets could exist. In order to find specific partners for Grb3-3, we have screened a human cDNA library by the yeast two-hybrid system with Grb3-3 as a bait. We have identified adenosine deaminase, an enzyme involved in purine metabolism whose deficiency is associated with severe combined immunodeficiency, as a Grb3-3 binding protein that is not able to bind to Grb2. This interaction has been confirmed in vitro with GST fusion proteins and in vivo by coimmunoprecipitation experiments in NIH3T3 cells stably transfected with Grb3-3. The functional significance of this finding is discussed.Peer Reviewe