Valor del índice de resistencia arterial medido por Doppler en la función del injerto renal a mediano y largo plazos

Objective: To evaluate the association between the value of the arterial resistance index (RI) measured by Doppler at the month after transplantation, and the loss of graft. Secondary outcomes of loss greater than or equal to 50% of renal function, eath with functioning graft, biopsy findings (inflammation, hyalinosis, rejection, interstitial fibrosis - tubular atrophy, IFTA) are reported. Methods: A cohort study of 66 patients, who underwent renal transplantation at San José Hospital of Bogotá between October 2007 and April 2011. The RI of the hilar artery was measured by Doppler ultrasound at the month post-transplant. Most patients had follow-up until the second year. We describe the cumulative incidence of renal graft loss, loss greater than or equal to 50% of the glomerular filtration rate. At the second year after transplantation, rejection, IFTA, hyalinosis and documented inflammation were reported in protocol biopsies. Association analysis was performed on the histological outcomes. Results: only 2 cases of renal graft loss were reported, belonging to the group with normal RI (3.8%). At 3 years of follow-up, 5 patients had lost more than 50% of GFR compared to baseline, 4 occurred in patients with RI <0.8, 2 of them (3.7%) ocurred in the first year and only one patient with RI> 0.8 ocurred at 3 years. The median GFR at 3 years of follow-up in both groups is greater than 60 ml / min. In the first year of follow-up 22 (47%) patients with normal RI had IFTA, and 7 (54%) with RI> 0.8 had IFTA. Hyalinosis was reported for 23% with RI> 0.8 and 25.5% with RI <0.8. Conclusion: the outcome of the grafts depends not only on RI, but also on factors such as cold ischemia, induction and maintenance immunosuppressive treatment, degree of incompatibility between donor and recipient. Histopathological changes such as IFTA, inflammation, hyalinosis, were observed in both groups, suggesting that there are other factors stronger than the RI, which correlates with the occurrence of these findings.Objetivo: evaluar la asociación entre el valor del índice de resistencia arterial (IR) medido por doppler al mes postrasplante y la pérdida de injerto. Se reportan los desenlaces secundarios de pérdida mayor o igual al 50% de la función renal, muerte con injerto funcionante, hallazgos de la biopsia (inflamación, hialinosis, rechazo, fibrosis intersticial - atrofia tubular, IFTA, por sus siglas en inglés). Métodos: se realizó un estudio de cohorte de 66 pacientes, que recibieron trasplante renal, del Hospital San José de Bogotá, entre octubre de 2007 y abril de 2011; se midió el IR de la arteria hilar por ecografía doppler al mes postrasplante. La mayoría de los pacientes fueron seguidos hasta el segundo año. Se describe la incidencia acumulada de pérdida del injerto renal, pérdida mayor o igual al 50% de la tasa filtración glomerular; al segundo año postrasplante se reporta el rechazo, IFTA, hialinosis e inflamación documentada en las biopsias de protocolo. Se realizó análisis de asociación en los desenlaces histológicos. Resultados: solo se reportaron 2 casos de pérdida del injerto renal, pertenecientes al grupo con IR normal (3.8%). A los 3 años de seguimiento 5 pacientes habían perdido más del 50% de la TFG respecto a la basal, 4 ocurrieron en los pacientes con IR <0.8, 2 de ellos (3.7%) fueron al primer año y solo un paciente con IR >0.8 a los 3 años. La mediana de la TFG a los 3 años de seguimiento en ambos grupos es mayor de 60 ml/ min. En el primer año de seguimiento 22 (47%) pacientes con IR normal presentaron IFTA y 7 (54%) con IR >0.8 presentaron IFTA; la hialinosis con un 23% para IR >0.8 y 25.5% para IR <0.8. Conclusión: los desenlaces de los injertos no solo dependen del IR, hay otros factores que pueden influir como es el tiempo de isquemia fría, esquema de tratamiento inmunosupresor de inducción y mantenimiento, grado de incompatibilidades entre donante, receptor. Cambios histopatológicos como IFTA, inflamación, hialinosis, se observaron en cualquiera de los 2 grupos, lo que sugiere que hay otros factores más fuertes que el IR, que se correlaciona con la aparición de estos hallazgos

Hallazgos histológicos en biopsia por protocolo asociados con reducción en función renal 12 meses postrasplante, en receptores de trasplante renal con bajo riesgo inmunológico, recibiendo inducción con basiliximab

Introduction: Identifying factors that are associated of allograft function loss might be an important step toward prolonging kidney allograft survival. Purpose: In this study we found to determine the association between histologic changes on 1-year surveillance biopsies and changes in graft function. Methods: Recipients of kidneys from deceased donors (95%) or living donors (5%) trasplanted between 2007 and 2012. The primary end point was reduction in calculated glomerular filtration rate (Cockroft anf Gault) higher 5ml/min 12 months post transplant vs calculated glomerular filtration rate previous surveillance biopsie. Results: This analysis included 114 adults, recipients of kidneys with low immunological risk receiving basiliximab induction from deceased donors (95%) or living donors (5%), transplanted between august 2007 and july 2012. The primary end point was reduction in calculated glomerular filtration rate (Cockroft & Gault) higher 5ml/min 12 months post trasplant . 25 of 114 patientes showing reduction; The histologic changes associated with renal function reduction were glomerulitis (p=0,024), interstitial inflamation (p=0,001), tubulitis (p=0,001), capilaritis (p=0,001), glomerulitis + capilaritis (p=0,001), polyoma virus nephropathy (p=0,04) and subclinical rejection (p=0,015). By regression analyses, interstitial inflamation (OR = 2,11; IC 95%: 1,13-3,95) and capilaritis (0R=7,12; IC 95%:1,57-32,27) were associated with renal function redcution 12 month post-transplant. Conclusion: inflammation and capilaritis in protocol biopsies in first year post-transplant predict loss of graft function and independently of other variables.Introducción: Identificar factores asociados con pérdida de la función del injerto puede ser un paso importante hacia la prolongacion de la sobrevida del injerto renal. Objetivo: Determinar la asociacion entre cambios histológicos presentes en las biopsias por protocolo en el primer año post trasplante en receptores de bajo riesgo inmunológico recibiendo inducción con basiliximab y pérdida en la función del injerto 12 meses post trasplante. Métodos: Se incluyeron pacientes receptores de riñones de donante cadavérico (95%) o donante vivo (5%) trasplantados entre agosto de 2007 y julio de 2012. El desenlace primario fue pérdida en la tasa de filtración glomerular calculada (Cockroft & Gault) mayor a 5ml/min 12 meses post trasplante en comparacion con la función renal previa a la biopsia por protocolo. Resultados: La cohorte de estudio estuvo conformada por 114 pacientes, de los cuales 25 presentaron el desenlace principal. Los hallazgos asociados con pérdida de función fueron glomerulitis (p=0,024), inflamacion intersticial (p=0,001), tubulitis (p=0,001), capilaritis (p=0,001), glomerulitis + capilaritis (p=0,001), nefropatía por polioma virus (p=0,04) y la presencia de rechazo subclinico (p=0,015). Por analisis de regression logística la presencia de inflamacion intersticial (OR = 2,11; IC 95%: 1,13-3,95) y capilaritis (0R=7,12; IC 95%:1,57-32,27) fueron las variables asociadas con pérdida de función del injerto renal 12 meses post trasplante renal. Conclusión: La inflamación intersticial y capilaritis son variables histológicas asociadas con pérdida de función del injerto renal 12 meses post trasplante independiente de otras variables

Glomerulopatía por C3: algoritmo diagnóstico en gestantes

Glomerular disease involves a heterogeneous group of entities that are characterized by loss of the ar-chitecture and function of the glomerulus and this can be caused by immunity, infectious and paraneoplastic etiologies. The aforementioned can be identified in histopathological studies. The recognition ofthis entity during pregnancy represents a diagnostic challenge due to the superposition of physiological changes, the development of autoimmune diseases and / or genetic disease, among others. Clinicalmanifestations can be into specific syndromic groups; however we can find indistinguishable manifes-tations and overlapping of this. When the disease is present its common to find rapidly establishmentand unfavorable evolution about renal function. With this it’s necessary to complete studies involvingthe initial clinical approach until histopathological findings with the goal to find primary and secondarycauses. As it’s known primary glomerulonephritis is not the most frequent in pregnancy, the accuracyin the diagnosis and the proper classification allows the direct and soon management. In this case reportwe describe 2 pregnant women with primary glomerular disease with discrepancy in their diagnosis.We talk about manifestations during pregnancy, the algorithm used in the diagnosis and nally theinitial treatment and the maintenance used in these patients.La enfermedad glomerular comprende un grupo heterogéneo de entidades que se caracterizanpor la pérdida de la arquitectura o función del glomérulo secundario a proceso inamatoriodel mismo de etiología autoinmune, infecciosa, paraneoplásica, que puede ser identificada conestudios de histopatología. Su reconocimiento durante la gestación representa un reto diagnóstico por la sobreposición de cambios fisiológicos, el debut de enfermedades autoinmunitariaso de enfermedades genéticas, entre otros. La presentación clínica suele encajar en grupossindromáticos específicos, sin embargo, es frecuente que sean clínicamente indistinguibles osobrepuestos. El debut de la enfermedad renal con curso clínico de rápida instauración y deevolución desfavorable con respecto a la función renal, hace mandatorio un estudio completodesde el abordaje clínico hasta la interpretación de los hallazgos histopatológicos, encaminadoen la distinción de causas primarias y secundarias. Si bien las glomerulonefritis primarias noson las más frecuentes en la gestación, la identificación certera del diagnóstico y su adecuada clasificación permite el manejo dirigido y óptimo de las mismas. Se presentan los casos clínicosde dos gestantes con enfermedad glomerular primaria, con discrepancia en su diagnóstico,enfatizando en sus manifestaciones durante el curso de la gestación, el algoritmo diagnósticoutilizado, el tratamiento inicial y de mantenimiento utilizado. Se resalta la utilidad de la biopsiarenal, específicamente la inmunofluorencia para aclarar el mismo

Manejo con dispositivo Watchman en un paciente con fibrilación auricular y en terapia de diálisis. Reporte de caso y revisión narrativa.

Anticoagulation remains the therapy of choice for the majority of patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation, however, in patients with chronic kidney disease at high risk of bleeding, local antithrombotic therapies such as the left atrial closure with Watchman device should be considered. We report the first case of implant of this type device in the Hospital de San José at the City of Bogotá, Colombia, and a narrative review ofthe literature is made. Watchman’s use is associated with fewer hemorrhagic strokes(0.15 versus 0.96 events/ 100 patients-year HR: 0.22; p = 0.004), cardiovascular death / unexplained death (1.1 vs. 2.3 events/ 100 patient-year; HR: 0.48; p = 0.006), and bleeding not associated with the procedure (6.0 % vs. 11.3 %; HR: 0.51; p = 0.006) compared to warfarin. Key words: atrial fibrillation, dialysis, peritoneal dialysis, chronic kidney disease, atrial appendage (MeSH).La anticoagulación es la terapia de elección para la mayoría de pacientes con fibrilación auricular no valvular; sin embargo, en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica con alto riesgo de sangrado se deben considerar terapias antitrombóticas locales como el cierre percutáneo de la orejuela izquierda con dispositivo Watchman. A continuación, se reporta el primer caso de implante de este dispositivo llevado a cabo en el Hospital de San José de Bogotá, Colombia, y se hace una revisión narrativa sobre este tema. El uso del dispositivo Watchman se asocia con menos accidentes cerebrovasculares hemorrágicos (0,15 vs. 0,96 eventos / 100 pacientes-año HR=0,22; p=0,004), menos muertes cardiovasculares o inexplicadas (1,1 vs. 2,3 eventos / 100 paciente-año; HR=0,48; p=0,006) y menos casos de sangrado no asociado al procedimiento (6,0 % vs. 11,3 %; HR=0,51; p=0,006) en comparación con la warfarina

Abordaje clínico y diagnóstico de la glomerulonefritis membranoproliferativa. Reporte de caso

The membranophroliferative glomerulonephritis is a rare lesion that covers a group of pathologies that share a histologic pattern, and can generate from diverse pathogenic mechanisms. Based on the findings of the kidney biopsy, starts a process to search the etiology of the lesion. The initial kidney damage occurs due to the deposit of immunoglobulins, complement elements or both in the mesangium and in the capillary endothelium, generating sub endothelial, sub epithelial, and/or glomerular basal membrane deposits, frequently adopting glomerulus a lobed aspect. We present a case of a man 48 years old admitted in the emergency of the San Jose Hospital in Bogotá, without relevant pathological background that debuts with proteinuria in severe nephrotic range (62 grams in 24 hours), nitrogenous elevation and biopsy report with membranophroliferative glomerulonephritis, we describe de clinical and diagnostic approach of this entity.La glomerulonefritis membranoproliferativa es una lesión poco frecuente que abarca un grupo de patologías que comparten un patrón histológico en común y pueden originarse a partir de diversos mecanismos patogénicos. Mediante biopsias renales se ha establecido que en estas lesiones el daño renal inicial ocurre por el depósito de inmunoglobulinas que generan depósitos subendoteliales, subepiteliales y/o en la membrana basal glomerular, con lo cual el glomérulo adopta frecuentemente un aspecto lobulado. Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 48 años, quien ingresó al servicio de urgencias del Hospital de San José de Bogotá, Colombia, sin antecedentes relevantes y presentó proteinuria en rango nefrótico severo (62 gramos en 24 horas), elevación de nitrogenados y reporte de biopsia con glomerulonefritis membranoproliferativa. Se describe el enfoque clínico y diagnóstico de esta entidad

Efficacy of naloxegol on symptoms and quality of life related to opioid-induced constipation in patients with cancer: a 3-month follow-up analysis

Objectives: Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) can affect up to 63% of all patients with cancer. The objectives of this study were to assess quality of life as well as efficacy and safety of naloxegol, in patients with cancer with OIC. Methods: An observational study was made of a cohort of patients with cancer and with OIC exhibiting an inadequate response to laxatives and treated with naloxegol. The sample consisted of adult outpatients with a Karnofsky performance status score ≥50. The Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAC-QOL) and the Patient Assessment of Constipation Symptoms (PAC-SYM) were applied for 3 months. Results: A total of 126 patients (58.2% males) with a mean age of 61.3 years (range 34-89) were included. Clinically relevant improvements (>0.5 points) were recorded in the PAC-QOL and PAC-SYM questionnaires (p<0.0001) from 15 days of treatment. The number of days a week with complete spontaneous bowel movements increased significantly (p<0.0001) from 2.4 to 4.6 on day 15, 4.7 after 1 month and 5 after 3 months. Pain control significantly improved (p<0.0001) during follow-up. A total of 13.5% of the patients (17/126) presented some gastrointestinal adverse reaction, mostly of mild (62.5%) or moderate intensity (25%). Conclusions: Clinically relevant improvements in OIC-related quality of life, number of bowel movements and constipation-related symptoms were recorded as early as after 15 days of treatment with naloxegol in patients with cancer and OIC, with a good safety profile

7th Drug hypersensitivity meeting: part two

No abstract availabl

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to &lt;90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], &gt;300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of &lt;15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P&lt;0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P&lt;0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Alteraciones tromboelastográficas en pacientes con urgencia dialítica

Background: Kidney disease causes alterations of hemostasis increasing the risk of thrombotic and hemorrhagic events. Objective: Describe coagulation abnormalities in patients with kidney disease and dialytic urgency according to thrombelastography and conventional tests. Materials and methods: Case series of 60 patients hospitalized due to dialytic urgency. Blood samples were taken prior to implantation hemodialysis catheter or peritoneal catheter, processed for thrombelastography and conventional tests. Results: In the global interpretation of the thrombelastography hypercoagulable state was identified in 60% of the patients. In the individual analysis of the parameters of the plot, alterations in the enzymatic phase were demonstrated with an increased alpha-angle in 61.7% and shortened R time in 58.3% of the cases, alterations in the cellular phase with increased MA and G by about 45% and hyperfibrinolysis in 18%. The aPTT was prolonged by 23.7% of cases. Conclusions: In the overall interpretation of the thrombelastography of patients with dialytic urgency, the most frequent disorder was the hypercoagulable state. In the individual analysis, alterations were found in all the phases of coagulation, the most frequent being the accelerated formation of the clot, followed by an increase in strength. Thrombelastography should be considered as point-of-care test for the assessment of hemostasis in these patients. Key words: renal insufficiency, chronic; acute kidney injury; uremia; renal dialysis; thrombelastography; point-of-careAntecedentes: La enfermedad renal cursa con alteraciones de la hemostasia aumentando el riesgo de eventos trombóticos y hemorrágicos. Objetivo: Describir las anormalidades de la coagulación en pacientes con urgencia dialítica según tromboelastografía y pruebas convencionales. Materiales y métodos: Serie de casos de 60 pacientes adultos con &nbsp;urgencia dialítica. Se tomaron muestras de sangre previo al implante de catéter de hemodiálisis o de diálisis peritoneal, se procesaron para tromboelastografía y pruebas convencionales. Resultados: En la interpretación global del tromboelastograma se identificó estado hipercoagulable en 60% de los pacientes. En el análisis individual de parámetros del trazado se demostraron alteraciones en la fase enzimática con ángulo-alfa aumentado en el 61.7% y tiempo R acortado en el 58.3% de los casos, alteraciones en la fase celular con MA y G aumentados en cerca del 45% y alteraciones en la estabilidad con hiperfibrinolisis en el 18%. El aPTT estaba prolongado en 23.7%. Conclusiones: &nbsp;En la interpretación global de la tromboelastografía de pacientes con urgencia dialítica el hallazgo mas frecuente es el estado hipercoagulable. En el análisis individual se encontraron alteraciones en todas las fases de la coagulación, siendo la mas frecuente la formación acelerada del coágulo, seguida por aumento de la fuerza del mismo. La tromboelastografía debería ser considerada como una prueba enfocada en la cabecera del paciente para la valoración de la hemostasia en estos pacientes. Palabras clave: insuficiencia renal crónica; lesión renal aguda; uremia; diálisis renal; tromboelastografía; enfocada en la cabecera del pacient