Guidelines for authors

Englis

Redes interafectivas en Bogotá (Colombia): ¿personas habitantes de calle objetos o sujetos de miedo?

The objective of this article is to question the configuration of fear as an imaginary and mechanism of social control that points to to homeless as the main reference of this emotion in Bogotá and justifies the execution of security actions on bodies and spaces linked to this urban group. I review two specific moments: the first, the decade of the eighties, a time in which homeless people and in the city center were labeled as the main factor of fear for citizens and, consequently, “social cleaning” actions were generated. social". The second, the period before and after the police operative on “The Bronx”, in May 2016, which coincided with the dissemination of news and official statements about the risk that this population represented for the city. In the final part, present evidence about the place of homeless as victims, rather than perpetrators, and public and private security actors are identified as the main generators of the fears of this urban group. The methodology is mixed: on the one hand, I review literature about “social cleaning” and speeches from district administration entities in charge of citizen security actions. The information was analyzed through Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). On the other hand, I collected statistical data on violence and crimes in Bogotá. The data was processed through retrospective descriptive analysis of time series.El objetivo de este artículo es cuestionar la configuración del miedo como imaginario y mecanismo de control social que señala a las personas habitantes de calle como principal referente de dicha emoción en Bogotá, y justifica la ejecución de acciones de seguridad sobre cuerpos y espacios vinculados con este grupo urbano. Se revisan dos periodos específicos: el primero, la década de los ochenta, momento en que las personas habitantes de calle y el centro de la ciudad fueron rotulados como principal factor de miedo para la ciudadanía y, en consecuencia, se generaron acciones de “limpieza social”. El segundo, el periodo previo y posterior al operativo a “El Bronx”, en mayo del 2016, que coincidió con la difusión de noticias y comunicados oficiales sobre el riesgo que esta población representaba para la ciudad. En la parte final, se expone evidencia sobre el lugar de las personas habitantes de calle como víctimas, más que victimarios, y se identifican a los actores de seguridad pública y privada, como los principales generadores de los miedos de este grupo urbano. La metodología es mixta: por un lado, se revisó literatura sobre “limpieza social” y discursos de entidades de la administración distrital encargadas de acciones de seguridad ciudadana, información analizada mediante el Análisis Crítico del Discurso (ACD). Por otro, se recabaron datos estadísticos sobre violencia y delitos en Bogotá, procesados mediante análisis descriptivo retrospectivo de series temporales

Guidelines for authors

Englis

Guidelines for authors

Englis

Aproximaciones al reconocimiento de la ciudadanía de las personas habitantes de la calle desde los político-jurídicos en Bogotá: conceptos globales/locales en el siglo XX y políticas públicas en el siglo XXI

En el nivel global, se encuentran considerables diferencias en las formas de constituir la habitabilidad de calle desde fuera de su lógica interna. De manera particular, en Bogotá las personas habitantes de la calle se han constituido desde los discursos y las prácticas oficiales, específicamente de la seguridad pública (legal e ilegal) mediante la asignación del rótulo de productor y reproductor de los miedos de las personas habitantes “normales” de la ciudad. Con base en la propuesta conceptual de García-Canclini (2004) y Fraser (1997), esta investigación parte de la necesidad de reconocer y abordar la habitabilidad de calle de manera complementaria desde una perspectiva de la desigualdad y la diferencia para llegar a problematizar el concepto de la ciudadanía para un grupo que oscila entre la legalidad y la ilegalidad. Así las cosas, bajo la propuesta metodológica de Verón (2004) acerca de la producción y la recepción de los discursos, se propone determinar qué elementos de los discursos y las prácticas públicos producidos en torno a la habitabilidad de calle durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX, constituyen los discursos político-jurídicos de reconocimiento de la ciudadanía dirigidos a ese grupo urbano, en las administraciones del distrito capital entre 1995 y el 2015 (Mockus-Bromberg, Peñalosa, Mockus, Garzón, Moreno Rojas-López y Petro). Las administraciones de Bogotá contempladas en el periodo de estudio sobre la recepción del discurso o las gramáticas del poder, desde enfoques políticos particulares, muestran aproximaciones al reconocimiento, por tanto, resulta relevante rastrear si los discursos y las prácticas desarrollados conciben el reconocimiento de la persona habitante de la calle bajo la orientación de la integración de individuos/sectores a las normas sociales y culturales, o como un derecho al respeto de la dignidad humana inherente de cada persona, que conduce al autorreconocimiento de cualidades y capacidades propias (individuales y/o colectivas). Esta discusión permite esclarecer las formas que toma la ciudadanía en el contexto contemporáneo desde una perspectiva complementaria de redistribución y de reconocimiento.Abstract: At global level, there are considerable differences in the ways of constituting street habitability from outside its internal logic. In particular, in Bogotá the homeless people have been constituted from official speeches and practices, specifically from public security (legal and illegal) by assigning the label of producer and reproducer of the fears from the "normal” inhabitants of the city. Based on García-Canclini (2004) and Fraser (1997) conceptual proposals, this research comes from the need to recognize and address street habitability in a complementary manner from a perspective of inequality and difference in order to problematize the concept of citizenship for a group that oscillates between legality and illegality. Thus, under the methodological proposal of Verón (2004) about the production and reception of discourses, it is proposed to determine what elements of public discourses and practices produced around street habitability during the second half of the 20th century, establish the political-legal discourses of citizenship recognition addressed to this urban group, in the administrations of the capital district between 1995 and 2015 (Mockus-Bromberg, Peñalosa, Mockus, Garzón, Moreno Rojas-López and Petro). The Bogotá administrations contemplated in the study period on the reception of the discourse or power grammars, from particular political approaches, show approximations to the recognition, therefore, it is relevant to track whether the speeches and practices developed by those administrations conceive the recognition of the homeless people under the guidance of the individual/sector’s integration to social and cultural norms, or as a right to respect the inherent human dignity of each person, which leads to the self-recognition of their own qualities and capacities (individual and/or collective). This discussion allows clarifying the forms taken by citizens in the contemporary context from a complementary perspective of redistribution and recognition.Maestrí

Guidelines for authors

Englis

Aripiprazole and Risperidone Present Comparable Long-Term Metabolic Profiles: Data From a Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial in Drug-Naïve First-Episode Psychosis

Objective: Aripiprazole and risperidone are 2 of the most used second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) worldwide. Previous evidence shows a similar effect of these SGAs on weight and metabolic changes in the short term. However, a longer period is necessary for a better assessment of the SGA´s metabolic profile. We aimed to compare the long-term (1-year) metabolic profile of these 2 antipsychotics on a sample of drug-naïve first episode-psychosis (FEP) patients. Methods: A total 188 drug-naïve patients, suffering from a first episode of non-affective psychosis (FEP), were randomly assigned to treatment with either aripiprazole or risperidone. Weight and glycemic/lipid parameters were recorded at baseline and after 1-year follow-up. Results: We observed significant weight increments in both groups (9.2 kg for aripiprazole and 10.5 kg for risperidone) after 1 year of treatment. Despite this, weight and body mass index changes did not significantly differ between treatment groups (P > .05). Similarly, both treatment groups presented similar metabolic clinical impact with a comparable increase in the proportion of participants meeting criteria for metabolic disorders such as obesity or hypercholesterolemia, but not for metabolic syndrome (?9.2% vs ?4.3%) or hypertriglyceridemia (?21.9% vs ?8.0%), where aripiprazole showed worse outcomes than risperidone. Conclusion: This study shows that aripiprazole and risperidone share a similar long-term metabolic profile. After 1 year of antipsychotic treatment, drug-naïve FEP patients in both treatment groups presented a significant increase in weight and metabolic changes, leading to a greater prevalence of metabolic disorders

Using LMS tables to determine waist circumference and waist-to-height ratios in Colombian children and adolescents : The FUPRECOL study

Background: Waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) are often used as indices predictive of central obesity. The aims of this study were: 1) to obtain smoothed centile charts and LMS tables for WC and WHtR among Colombian children and adolescents; 2) to evaluate the utility of these parameters as predictors of overweight and obesity. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted of a sample population of 7954 healthy Colombian schoolchildren [3460 boys and 4494 girls, mean age 12.8 (±2.3) years]. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), WC and WHtR were measured, and percentiles were calculated using the LMS method (Box-Cox, median and coefficient of variation). Appropriate cut-off points of WC and WHtR for overweight and obesity, according to International Obesity Task Force definitions, were selected using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The discriminating power of WC and WHtR is expressed as area under the curve (AUC). Results: Reference values for WC and WHtR are presented. Mean WC increased and WHtR decreased with age for both genders. A moderate positive correlation was observed between WC and BMI (r = 0.756, P < 0.01) and between WHtR and BMI (r = 0.604, P < 0.01). ROC analysis revealed strong discrimination power in the identification of overweight and obesity for both measures in our sample population. Overall, WHtR was a slightly better predictor of overweight/obesity (AUC 95% CI 0.868-0.916) than WC (AUC 95% CI 0.862-0.904). Conclusion: This paper presents the first sex and age-specific WC and WHtR percentiles for Colombian children and adolescents aged 9.0-17.9 years. The LMS tables obtained, based on Colombian reference data, can be used as quantitative tools for the study of obesity and its comorbidities. © 2017 The Author(s)

Using LMS tables to determine waist circumference and waist-to-height ratios in Colombian children and adolescents: the FUPRECOL study

Background: Waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) are often used as indices predictive of central obesity. The aims of this study were: 1) to obtain smoothed centile charts and LMS tables for WC and WHtR among Colombian children and adolescents; 2) to evaluate the utility of these parameters as predictors of overweight and obesity. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted of a sample population of 7954 healthy Colombian schoolchildren [3460 boys and 4494 girls, mean age 12.8 (±2.3) years]. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), WC and WHtR were measured, and percentiles were calculated using the LMS method (Box-Cox, median and coefficient of variation). Appropriate cut-off points of WC and WHtR for overweight and obesity, according to International Obesity Task Force definitions, were selected using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The discriminating power of WC and WHtR is expressed as area under the curve (AUC). Results: Reference values for WC and WHtR are presented. Mean WC increased and WHtR decreased with age for both genders. A moderate positive correlation was observed between WC and BMI (r = 0.756, P < 0.01) and between WHtR and BMI (r = 0.604, P < 0.01). ROC analysis revealed strong discrimination power in the identification of overweight and obesity for both measures in our sample population. Overall, WHtR was a slightly better predictor of overweight/obesity (AUC 95% CI 0.868–0.916) than WC (AUC 95% CI 0.862–0.904). Conclusion: This paper presents the first sex and age-specific WC and WHtR percentiles for Colombian children and adolescents aged 9.0–17.9 years. The LMS tables obtained, based on Colombian reference data, can be used as quantitative tools for the study of obesity and its comorbidities.The FUPRECOL Study was carried out with financial support from Instituto Colombiano para el Desarrollo de la Ciencia y la Tecnología “Francisco José de Caldas” COLCIENCIAS (Contract N° 671–2014 Code 122265743978)

Modelling the current and future potential distribution of Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green, 1908) a pest of importance for Mexico

Objective: to model the current and future potential distribution of Maconellicoccus hirsutus in order to identify changes in its distribution in Mexican Republic. Design / methodology / approach: 2,154 occurrence points were used, MaxEnt was used with the help of the Kuenm package implemented in Rstudio to select a final model. Which was projected throughout Mexico, six possible climate change scenarios with a proposed threshold (0.02). Results: a potential present surface of 1, 159,335.5 km2 was found, corresponding to 59% of the territorial surface, indicating a greater suitability in coastal areas including the gulf of Mexico, the entire Pacific slope and Yucatan peninsula. In all scenarios shows an increase in the potential area up to 1,423,890.18 km2 in 2050 and 1,537,591.19 km2 in 2070. Limitations of the study / implications: the predictions at 2050 and 2070 projections will depend on the climatic conditions that are presented at the time, so specific studies in each region should be carried out. Considering that the species may have adaptability to new climates which would imply constant monitoring. If an increase is observed in the distribution areas, the species could not only affect only agricultural areas but also forest ecosystems. Findings / conclusions: the projections made for scenarios 2050 and 2070 show an increase in the area of infestation and environmental suitability for pink cochineal, mainly in the states of the Pacific, Yucatan peninsula and the gulf of Mexico slopes, these areas being the most vulnerable.Objective: to model the current and future potential distribution of Maconellicoccus hirsutus in order to identify changes in its distribution in Mexico.Design/methodology/approach: to select a final model, 2,154 occurrence points were used and MaxEnt with the help of the Kuenm package implemented in Rstudio. It was projected throughout Mexico, using six possible climate change scenarios with a proposed threshold (0.02).Results: a potential present surface of 1,159,335.5 km2 was found, corresponding to 59 % of the territory, indicating a greater suitability in coastal areas including the Gulf of Mexico, the entire Pacific slope, and the Yucatan peninsula. All scenarios show an increase in the potential area of up to 1,423,890.18 km2 in 2050 and 1,537,591.19 km2 in 2070.Study limitations/implications: predictions for 2050 and 2070 will depend on the climatic conditions that take place at  the time, so specific studies in each region should be carried out, considering that the species may have adaptability to new climates which would imply constant monitoring. If an increase is observed in the distribution areas, the speciescould affect not only agricultural areas but also forest ecosystems.Findings/conclusions: the projections made for scenarios 2050 and 2070 show an increase in the area of infestation andenvironmental suitability for pink cochineal, mainly in the states of the Pacific watershed, the Yucatan peninsula, and theGulf of Mexico, with these areas being the most vulnerable