26 research outputs found
Multiple immunofluorescence assay identifies upregulation of Active beta-catenin in prostate cancer
Prostate cancer; Systems pathology; Wnt/β-catenin pathwayCĂ ncer de pròstata; Patologia de sistemes; Via Wnt/β-cateninaCĂĄncer de prĂłstata; PatologĂa de sistemas; VĂa Wnt/β-cateninaOBJECTIVES:
To apply a systems pathology-based approach to the quantification of nuclear Active β-catenin and human leukocyte antigen class I, and assess the biomarker involvement in a cohort of prostate tumor patients.
RESULTS:
The systems pathology approach applied allows a precise quantification of the marker expression in the different cell compartments as well as the determination of the areas that coexpress two markers. Our data shows that the accumulation of β-catenin in the nuclear compartment is significantly decreased in the adjacent normal areas when compared to tumor of the same patients (pâ<â0.001). In conclusion, the application of this novel multiple immunofluorescence assay demonstrates that the upregulation of Active β-catenin is a relatively common feature of prostate tumor development, and further supports the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in prostate cancer progression
Who with suspected prostate cancer can benefit from Proclarix after multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging?
Cathepsin D; Magnetic resonance imaging; ProclarixCatepsina D; Imatges per ressonĂ ncia magnètica; ProclarixCatepsina D; ImĂĄgenes por resonancia magnĂŠtica; ProclarixProclarix is a new blood-based test to assess the likelihood of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) defined as >2 grade group. In this study, we analyzed whether Proclarix and PSA density (PSAD) could improve the selection of candidates for prostate biopsy after multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI). Proclarix and PSAD were assessed in 567 consecutive men with suspected PCa in whom pre-biopsy 3 Tesla mpMRI, scoring with Prostate Imaging-Report and Data System (PI-RADS) v.2, and guided and/or systematic biopsies were performed. Proclarix and PSAD thresholds having csPCa sensitivity over 90% were found at 10% and 0.07â
ng/(mL*cm3), respectively. Among 100 men with negative mpMRI (PI-RADS <3), csPCa was detected in 6 cases, which would have been undetected if systematic biopsies were avoided. However, Proclarix suggested performing a biopsy on 70% of men with negative mpMRI. In contrast, PSAD only detected 50% of csPCa and required 71% of prostate biopsies. In 169 men with PI-RADS 3, Proclarix avoided 21.3% of prostate biopsies and detected all 25 cases of csPCa, while PSAD avoided 26.3% of biopsies, but missed 16% of csPCa. In 190 men with PI-RADS 4 and 108 with PI-RADS 5, Proclarix avoided 12.1% and 5.6% of prostate biopsies, but missed 4.8% and 1% of csPCa, respectively. PSAD avoided 18.4% and 9.3% of biopsies, but missed 11.4% and 4.2% csPCa, respectively. We conclude that Proclarix outperformed PSAD in the selection of candidates for prostate biopsy, especially in men with PI-RADS <3.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, (grant number PI20/01666)
The Efficacy of Proclarix to Select Appropriate Candidates for Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Derived Prostate Biopsies in Men with Suspected Prostate Cancer
Diagnosis; Proclarix; Prostate cancerDiagnóstico; Proclarix; Cåncer de próstataDiagnòstic; Proclarix; Cà ncer de pròstataPurpose
To analyze how Proclarix is valuable to appropriately select candidates for multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and derived biopsies, among men with suspected prostate cancer (PCa). Proclarix is a new marker computing the clinically significant PCa (csPCa) risk, based on serum thosmbospondin-1, cathepsin D, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and percent free PSA, in addition to age, that has been developed in men with serum PSA 2 to 10 ng/mL, prostate volume âĽ35 mL, and normal digital rectal examination (DRE).
Materials and Methods
Proclarix score (0%â100%) is analyzed in a prospective frozen serum collection of 517 correlative men scheduled for guided and/or systematic biopsies after mpMRI. Outcome variables were csPCa detection (grade group âĽ2), insignificant PCa (iPCa) overdetection and avoided mpMRIs.
Results
The area under the curve of Proclarix was 0.701 (95% CI 0.637â0.765) among 281 men with serum PSA 2 to 10 ng/mL, prostate volume âĽ35 mL, and -normal DRE, and 0.754 (95% CI 0.701â0.807) in the others, p=0.038. Net benefit of Proclarix existed in all men. After selecting 10% threshold, Proclarix was integrated in an algorithm which also used the serum PSA level and DRE. A reduction of 25.4% of mpMRIs request was observed and 17.7% of prostate biopsies. Overdetection of iPCa was reduced in 18.2% and 2.6% of csPCa were misdiagnosed.
Conclusions
Proclarix is valuable in all men with suspected PCa. An algorithm integrating Proclarix score, serum PSA, and DRE can avoid mpMRI requests, unnecessary prostate biopsies and iPCa overdetection, with minimal loss of csPCa detection
Improving the Early Detection of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer in Men in the Challenging Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System 3 Category
Clinically significant prostate cancer; Prostate Cancer predictive model; Multiparametric magnetic resonance imagingCĂĄncer de prĂłstata clĂnicamente significativo; Modelo predictivo de cĂĄncer de prĂłstata; Resonancia magnĂŠtica multiparamĂŠtricaCĂ ncer de pròstata clĂnicament significatiu; Model predictiu del cĂ ncer de pròstata; Imatge de ressonĂ ncia magnètica multiparamètricaBackground
Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) category 3 is a challenging scenario for detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) and some tools can improve the selection of appropriate candidates for prostate biopsy.
Objective
To assess the performance of the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) model, the new Proclarix test, and prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) in selecting candidates for prostate biopsy among men in the PI-RADS 3 category.
Design, setting, and participants
We conducted a head-to-head prospective analysis of 567 men suspected of having PCa for whom guided and systematic biopsies were scheduled between January 2018 and March 2020 in a single academic institution. A PI-RADS v.2 category 3 lesion was identified in 169 men (29.8%).
Outcome measurement and statistical analysis
csPCa, insignificant PCa (iPCa), and unnecessary biopsy rates were analysed. csPCa was defined as grade group âĽ2. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, decision curve analysis curves, and clinical utility curves were plotted.
Results and limitations
PCa was detected in 53/169 men (31.4%) with a PI-RADS 3 lesion, identified as csPCa in 25 (14.8%) and iPCa in 28 (16.6%). The area under the ROC curve for csPCa detection was 0.703 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.621â0.768) for Proclarix, 0.657 (95% CI 0.547â0.766) for the ERSPC MRI model, and 0.612 (95% CI 0.497â0.727) for PSAD (p = 0.027). The threshold with the highest sensitivity was 10% for Proclarix, 1.5% for the ERSPC MRI model, and 0.07 ng/ml/cm3 for PSAD, which yielded sensitivity of 100%, 91%, and 84%, respectively. Some 21.3%, 26.2%, and 7.1% of biopsies would be avoided with Proclarix, PSAD, and the ERSPC MRI model, respectively. Proclarix showed a net benefit over PSAD and the ERSPC MRI model. Both Proclarix and PSAD reduced iPCa overdetection from 16.6% to 11.3%, while the ERSPC MRI model reduced iPCa overdetection to 15.4%.
Conclusions
Proclarix was more accurate in selecting appropriate candidates for prostate biopsy among men in the PI-RADS 3 category when compared to PSAD and the ERSPC MRI model. Proclarix detected 100% of csPCa cases and would reduce prostate biopsies by 21.3% and iPCa overdetection by 5.3%
Comparison of Proclarix, PSA Density and MRI-ERSPC Risk Calculator to Select Patients for Prostate Biopsy after mpMRI
Proclarix; Clinically significant prostate cancer; Magnetic resonance imagingProclarix; CĂ ncer de pròstata clĂnicament significatiu; Imatges per ressonĂ ncia magnèticaProclarix; CĂĄncer de prĂłstata clĂnicamente significativo; ImĂĄgenes por resonancia magnĂŠticaTools to properly select candidates for prostate biopsy after magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have usually been analyzed in overall populations with suspected prostate cancer (PCa). However, the performance of these tools can change regarding the Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) categories due to the different incidence of clinically significant PCa (csPCa). The objective of the study was to analyze PSA density (PSAD), MRI-ERSPC risk calculator (RC), and Proclarix to properly select candidates for prostate biopsy regarding PI-RADS categories. We performed a head-to-head analysis of 567 men with suspected PCa, PSA > 3 ng/mL and/or abnormal rectal examination, in whom two to four core transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided biopsies to PI-RADS ⼠three lesions and/or 12-core TRUS systematic biopsies were performed after 3-tesla mpMRI between January 2018 and March 2020 in one academic institution. The overall detection of csPCa was 40.9% (6% in PI-RADS 3, although none of them exhibited 100% sensitivity for csPCa in this setting. Therefore, tools to properly select candidates for prostate biopsy after MRI must be analyzed regarding the PI-RADS categories. While MRI-ERSPC RC outperformed PSAD and Proclarix in the overall population, Proclarix outperformed in PI-RADS ⤠3, and no tool guaranteed 100% detection of csPCa in PI-RADS 4 and 5
Comparative Analysis of PSA Density and an MRI-Based Predictive Model to Improve the Selection of Candidates for Prostate Biopsy
Clinically significant prostate cancer; Predictive model; Prostate-specific antigenCĂ ncer de pròstata clĂnicament significatiu; Model predictiu; Antigen especĂfic de la pròstataCĂĄncer de prĂłstata clĂnicamente significativo; Modelo predictivo; AntĂgeno especĂfico de la prĂłstataThis study is a head-to-head comparison between mPSAD and MRI-PMbdex. The MRI-PMbdex was created from 2432 men with suspected PCa; this cohort comprised the development and external validation cohorts of the Barcelona MRI predictive model. Pre-biopsy 3-Tesla multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and 2 to 4-core transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided biopsies for suspicious lesions and/or 12-core TRUS systematic biopsies were scheduled. Clinically significant PCa (csPCa), defined as Gleason-based Grade Group 2 or higher, was detected in 934 men (38.4%). The area under the curve was 0.893 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.880â0.906) for MRI-PMbdex and 0.764 (95% CI: 0.774â0.783) for mPSAD, with p < 0.001. MRI-PMbdex showed net benefit over biopsy in all men when the probability of csPCa was greater than 2%, while mPSAD did the same when the probability of csPCa was greater than 18%. Thresholds of 13.5% for MRI-PMbdex and 0.628 ng/mL2 for mPSAD had 95% sensitivity for csPCa and presented 51.1% specificity for MRI-PMbdex and 19.6% specificity for mPSAD, with p < 0.001. MRI-PMbdex exhibited net benefit over mPSAD in men with prostate imaging report and data system (PI-RADS) <4, while neither exhibited any benefit in men with PI-RADS 5. Hence, we can conclude that MRI-PMbdex is more accurate than mPSAD for the proper selection of candidates for prostate biopsy among men with suspected PCa, with the exception of men with a PI-RAD S 5 score, for whom neither tool exhibited clinical guidance to determine the need for biopsy.This research was funded by Instituto de Salut Carlos III (ESP), grant number PI20/01666
Loss of microRNA-135b Enhances Bone Metastasis in Prostate Cancer and Predicts Aggressiveness in Human Prostate Samples
Bone metastasis; MiRNAs; Prostate cancerMetĂ stasi òssia; MiRNAs; CĂ ncer de pròstataMetĂĄstasis Ăłsea; MiRNAs; CĂĄncer de prĂłstataAbout 70% of advanced-stage prostate cancer (PCa) patients will experience bone metastasis, which severely affects patientsâ quality of life and progresses to lethal PCa in most cases. Hence, understanding the molecular heterogeneity of PCa cell populations and the signaling pathways associated with bone tropism is crucial. For this purpose, we generated an animal model with high penetrance to metastasize to bone using an intracardiac percutaneous injection of PC3 cells to identify PCa metastasis-promoting factors. Using genomic high-throughput analysis we identified a miRNA signature involved in bone metastasis that also presents potential as a biomarker of PCa progression in human samples. In particular, the downregulation of miR-135b favored the incidence of bone metastases by significantly increasing PCa cellsâ migratory capacity. Moreover, the PLAG1, JAKMIP2, PDGFA, and VTI1b target genes were identified as potential mediators of miR-135bâs role in the dissemination to bone. In this study, we provide a genomic signature involved in PCa bone growth, contributing to a better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for this process. In the future, our results could ultimately translate into promising new therapeutic targets for the treatment of lethal PCa.The study was supported by grants CPII18/00027 and PI18/01017 to A.S.; PI17/02248 to J.M.; grants PI09/00496, PI13/00173 and postdoctoral fellowship CD12/00475 of Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), pre-doctoral fellowship of Vall dâHebron Research Institute (VHIR), postdoctoral fellowship PERIS of Departament de Salut Govern de Catalunya to M.O.; BBVA and PID2019-104948RB-100 to M.G. (Marc Guiu) and R.R.G.; RD12/0036/0035 of Red TemĂĄtica de investigaciĂłn cooperativa en cancer (RTICC), and 2014SGR1330 from âSecretaria dâUniversitats i Recerca del Departament dâEconomia i Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunyaâ
Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging Grades the Aggressiveness of Prostate Cancer
Aggressiveness; Magnetic resonance imaging; Prostate cancerAgresividad; ImĂĄgenes por resonancia magnĂŠtica; CĂĄncer de prĂłstataAgressivitat; Imatges per ressonĂ ncia magnètica; CĂ ncer de pròstataWe sought to find further evidence showing the increase in PCa aggressiveness as PI-RADS score increases from four surrogates of PCa aggressiveness: i. prostate biopsy GG (â¤3 vs. >3), ii. type of pathology in surgical specimens (favourable vs. unfavourable), iii. clinical stage (localised vs. advanced), and risk of recurrence of localised PCa after primary treatment (low-intermediate vs. high). A group of 692 PCa patients were diagnosed after 3-T multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and guided and/or systematic biopsies, showing csPCa (GG ⼠2) in 547 patients (79%) and insignificant PCa (iPCa) in 145 (21%). The csPCa rate increased from 32.4% in PI-RADS 3 (p 3 (p = 0.030). Advanced disease was not observed in PCa with PI-RADS ⤠3, while it existed in 12.7% of those with PI-RADS > 3 (p 3 (p = 0.001). The PI-RADS score was an independent predictor of all surrogates of PCa aggressiveness as PSA density. We confirmed that mpMRI grades PCa aggressiveness.This research was funded by Instituto de Salut Carlos III (ES) grant number PI20/01666
The Barcelona Predictive Model of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer
Clinically significant prostate cancer; Magnetic resonance imaging; Predictive modelCĂĄncer de prĂłstata clĂnicamente significativo; Imagen de resonancia magnĂŠtica; Modelo predictivoCĂ ncer de pròstata clĂnicament significatiu; Imatge per ressonĂ ncia magnètica; Model predictiuA new and externally validated MRI-PM for csPCa was developed in the metropolitan area of Barcelona, and a web-RC designed with the new option of selecting the csPCa probability threshold. The development cohort comprised 1486 men scheduled to undergo a 3-tesla multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and guided and/or systematic biopsies in one academic institution of Barcelona. The external validation cohort comprised 946 men in whom the same diagnostic approach was carried out as in the development cohort, in two other academic institutions of the same metropolitan area. CsPCa was detected in 36.9% of men in the development cohort and 40.8% in the external validation cohort (p = 0.054). The area under the curve of mpMRI increased from 0.842 to 0.897 in the developed MRI-PM (p < 0.001), and from 0.743 to 0.858 in the external validation cohort (p < 0.001). A selected 15% threshold avoided 40.1% of prostate biopsies and missed 5.4% of the 36.9% csPCa detected in the development cohort. In men with PI-RADS <3, 4.3% would be biopsied and 32.3% of all existing 4.2% of csPCa would be detected. In men with PI-RADS 3, 62% of prostate biopsies would be avoided and 28% of all existing 12.4% of csPCa would be undetected. In men with PI-RADS 4, 4% of prostate biopsies would be avoided and 0.6% of all existing 43.1% of csPCa would be undetected. In men with PI-RADS 5, 0.6% of prostate biopsies would be avoided and none of the existing 42.0% of csPCa would be undetected. The Barcelona MRI-PM presented good performance on the overall population; however, its clinical usefulness varied regarding the PI-RADS category. The selection of csPCa probability thresholds in the designed RC may facilitate external validation and outperformance of MRI-PMs in specific PI-RADS categories.This research was funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ESP), grant number PI20/01666
Mucosal Plasma Cell Activation and Proximity to Nerve Fibres Are Associated with Glycocalyx Reduction in Diarrhoea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Jejunal Barrier Alterations Underlying Clinical Manifestations
Intestinal barrier dysfunction; Intestinal glycocalyx; Mucosal nerve fibresDisfunciĂłn de la barrera intestinal; GlicocĂĄlix intestinal; Fibras nerviosas de la mucosaDisfunciĂł de la barrera intestinal; GlicocĂ lix intestinal; Fibres nervioses de la mucosaIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder of brain-gut interaction characterised by abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits. In the diarrhoea subtype (IBS-D), altered epithelial barrier and mucosal immune activation are associated with clinical manifestations. We aimed to further evaluate plasma cells and epithelial integrity to gain understanding of IBS-D pathophysiology. One mucosal jejunal biopsy and one stool sample were obtained from healthy controls and IBS-D patients. Gastrointestinal symptoms, stress, and depression scores were recorded. In the jejunal mucosa, RNAseq and gene set enrichment analyses were performed. A morphometric analysis by electron microscopy quantified plasma cell activation and proximity to enteric nerves and glycocalyx thickness. Immunoglobulins concentration was assessed in the stool. IBS-D patients showed differential expression of humoral pathways compared to controls. Activation and proximity of plasma cells to nerves and IgG concentration were also higher in IBS-D. Glycocalyx thickness was lower in IBS-D compared to controls, and this reduction correlated with plasma cell activation, proximity to nerves, and clinical symptoms. These results support humoral activity and loss of epithelial integrity as important contributors to gut dysfunction and clinical manifestations in IBS-D. Additional studies are needed to identify the triggers of these alterations to better define IBS-D pathophysiology.This study was funded in part by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), Fondo de InvestigaciĂłn Sanitaria and Centro de InvestigaciĂłn BiomĂŠdica en Red de Enfermedades HepĂĄticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, SubdirecciĂłn General de InvestigaciĂłn Sanitaria, Ministerio de EconomĂa y Competitividad: CP18/00116 (C.M.), PI19/01643 (B.L.); PI17/01443 (D.G.); PI15/00301 (C.A.-C.), PI17/0190 (J.S.), PI19/01643 & CPII16/00031, (M.V.); CIBEREHD CB06/04/0021 (F.A., C.A.-C., J.S., M.V.); Ministerio de EducaciĂłn, DirecciĂłn General de InvestigaciĂłn: SAF 2016-76648-R (F.A.); Agència de GestiĂł dâAjuts Universitaris i de Recerca, de la Generalitat de Catalunya: 2014 SGR 1285 (F.A.); Vall dâHebron Institut de Recerca, Programa de becas predoctorales Amics de Vall dâHebron: PRED-VHIR-2016-34 (C.P.-C.), PRED-VHIR-2014-018 (M.F.), the Swedish Research Council dnr 2019-00653 (J.-P.G.M.), and the European Unionâs Horizon research and innovation programme 2020, grant no. 848228 (E.E., A.R.-U., B.L., C.A.-C., J.S.)