Patrones multimodales estables con simetría pentámera: el caso de los Crinoideos Rhodocrinítidos

[ES] El origen de la conspicua simetría pentámera existente en los equinodermos es objeto de debate. Sin embargo, la organización de estos organismos pentarradiales jamás ha sido caracterizada, a ningún nivel de estudio, desde un punlo de vista matemático. Partiendo de una ecuación de formade gradiente, triadas de ondas resonantes ínteraccionando entre sí determinan el diagrama de estabilidad de los patronesde simetría pentámera generados por cinco ondas planas confinadas en regiones circulares. En este sistema, cada onda plana puede ser desarrollada como una serie infinita de modos de Bessel. Sin embargo, las condiciones del límite reducen el número posible de modos de Bessel a un conjunto discreto. Esta aproximación general al problema de los patrones de simetría radial es desarrollada en este trabajo para estudiar la distribución y estructura de los elementos esqueléticos que integran los cálices globosos o en forma de bol de crinoides Camerados. Bajo las mismas condiciones leoricas generales la disposíclon de las placas en estos organismos pueden ser comparadas con experimentos hidrodinámicos. La estructura multimodal de estructura del cáliz de los crinoideos considerados demuestra que varios estados propios coexisten bajo un conjunto discreto de condiciones del límite, lo cual es el sello de un proceso altamente no lineal y por lo tanto de un patrón altamente no trivial.[EN] The origin of the conspicuous pentamerism of echinoderms remains controversial. Curiously, the organization of diese living fivefoid structures has not been characterized from a mathematical point of view in any case, at any level. Starting from an amplirude equation of grandient form, triad rcsonarn inieractions determine the stability diagram of fivefold pattems generated by five plane waves in circular regions. Each plane wave can be developed as an infinite series of Bessel modes. However, boundary constraints reduce the number of modes to a discrete set. This general approach is used here to study the skeleton plate arrangement of bowl or globose cup crinoids. The biological samples are compared lo hydrodynamical experimcnts under the same general conditions of pattern selection. The mulyimodal structure of plate anangemenr shows that many elgenstates coexist for a single set of boundary conditions which is the signature of a highty nonlinear, and hence, highíy nontrivial patlern. The present mathematical tool could be analogously useful lo study echinoid skeletons.Este trabajo es una contribución al Equipo Europeo-Africano (Coord. F. Paris) del proyecto IGCP nº 410 «Ihe Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event» (IUGS-UNESCO) y al Proyecto PB-97-l 232 «Resonancia paramétrica de ondas y sus aplicaciones».Peer reviewe

Manual de procedimiento para la homologación y comercialización de un desfibrilador externo automático

Se pretende realizar el Manual de procedimiento con vistas a la homologación y comercialización de un Desfibrilador externo automático. Habida cuenta de la gran cantidad de normas existentes dentro del ámbito de los aparatos y dispositivos utilizados en Electromedicina, y las condiciones técnico-administrativas que deben cumplirse para su utilización dentro del Sistema Nacional de Salud (ambulatorios, hospitales, unidades móviles, etc); se intentará concretar en la medida de lo posible los pasos y fases a seguir para la comercialización, con todas las garantías, del citado Desfibrilador dentro del entorno sanitario público y privad

Formación y entrenamiento de ingenieros nucleares mediante el máster de Ciencia y Tecnología nuclear de la UPM

El Departamento de Ingeniería Nuclear imparte los Programas oficiales de Máster y Doctorado en Ciencia y Tecnología Nuclear, que cuentan desde el año 2006 con la Mención de Calidad del Ministerio de Educación y desde este curso 2010-2011con la Mención a la Excelencia. El contenido del Máster abarca desde la tecnología nuclear de los reactores de fisión hasta el estudio de los combustibles y materiales para los futuros reactores de fusión tanto inercial como magnética

Initiatives and facilities for E&T in the nuclear science and technology master at UPM

The present Master/Doctorate in Nuclear Science and Technology programme implemented in the Department of Nuclear Engineering of the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (NED-UPM) has the excellence qualification by the Spanish Ministry of Education. One of the main of this programme is the training for the development of methodologies of simulation, design and advanced analysis, including experimental tools, necessary in research and in professional work in the nuclear field

Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog (N-RAS) deficiency aggravates liver injury and fibrosis.

Progressive hepatic damage and fibrosis are major features of chronic liver diseases of different etiology, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be fully defined. N-RAS, a member of the RAS family of small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins also encompassing the highly homologous H-RAS and K-RAS isoforms, was previously reported to modulate cell death and renal fibrosis; however, its role in liver damage and fibrogenesis remains unknown. Here, we approached this question by using N-RAS deficient (N-RAS-/-) mice and two experimental models of liver injury and fibrosis, namely carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxication and bile duct ligation (BDL). In wild-type (N-RAS+/+) mice both hepatotoxic procedures augmented N-RAS expression in the liver. Compared to N-RAS+/+ counterparts, N-RAS-/- mice subjected to either CCl4 or BDL showed exacerbated liver injury and fibrosis, which was associated with enhanced hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and leukocyte infiltration in the damaged liver. At the molecular level, after CCl4 or BDL, N-RAS-/- livers exhibited augmented expression of necroptotic death markers along with JNK1/2 hyperactivation. In line with this, N-RAS ablation in a human hepatocytic cell line resulted in enhanced activation of JNK and necroptosis mediators in response to cell death stimuli. Of note, loss of hepatic N-RAS expression was characteristic of chronic liver disease patients with fibrosis. Collectively, our study unveils a novel role for N-RAS as a negative controller of the progression of liver injury and fibrogenesis, by critically downregulating signaling pathways leading to hepatocyte necroptosis. Furthermore, it suggests that N-RAS may be of potential clinical value as prognostic biomarker of progressive fibrotic liver damage, or as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of chronic liver disease

Creació de recursos en línea per a l’autoaprenentage, foment de l’esperit crític i emprenedor i formació d’un comité d’avaluació externa en el màster MERIT

El projecte es desenvolupa en el marc de la titulació oficial de màster MERIT del Departament de Teoria del Senyal i Comunicacions. El màster, orientat a la recerca i integrat dins del programa Erasmus Mundus, presenta trets esfecífics donat l’origen variat dels estudiants i que s’imparteix integrament en anglès. El projecte s’articula en 4 eixos: 1. Millorar el sistema d’acollida i integració dels estudiants en el programa formatiu del màster mitjançant la creació de recursos docents en xarxa (campus digital), i la incorporació de nous elements tecnològics a l’aula. 2. Millorar el seguiment dels estudiants de primer curs mitjançant suport als professors per part d’estudiants avantatjats de segon curs. 3. Fomentar el desenvolupament de competències transversals dels estudiants mitjançant la impartició d’assignatures que fomentin l’esperit crític i emprenedor. 4. Establir un mecanisme d’assegurament de la qualitat basat en un Comitè d’Avaluació Extern (CAE) d’acord amb les directrius de l’AQUPeer Reviewe

Desplegament de recursos en línea per a l’avaluació i l’autoaprenentage dels alumnes, i foment de l’especialització i competències transversals en el màster MERIT

El projecte es desenvolupa en el marc de la titulació oficial de màster MERIT del Departament de Teoria del Senyal i Comunicacions. El màster, orientat a la recerca i integrat dins del programa Erasmus Mundus, presenta trets esfecífics donat l’origen variat dels estudiants i que s’imparteix integrament en anglès. El projecte s’articula en 4 eixos: Eix 1: Creació d’un Dipòsit de Recursos Docents (DRD) en xarxa (on-line) amb eines d’autoestudi, autodiagnosi i avaluació remota destinades als estudiants de les assignatures CONCENTRATION del Màster. Els objectes d’aprenentatge integren teoria, demostradors interactius i exercicis d’avaluació. Eix 2: Creació d’un sistema de suport al professorat basat en la participació d’estudiants avantatjats de segon curs del Màster, que ajudin a fer un seguiment més personalitzat dels alumnes amb necessitats específiques.Eix 3: Impartició de l’assignatura transversal en anglès “Critical Thinking & Scientific Writing” (3 ECTS), integrada en el MERIT Eix 4: Creació d’un Comité Extern (CE) format per membres destacats d’empreses del sector de les TIC que assessorarà la Comissió de Postgrau (CP) del Departament en la concreció d’itineraris d’especialització dins del màster MERITPeer Reviewe

RICORS2040 : The need for collaborative research in chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a silent and poorly known killer. The current concept of CKD is relatively young and uptake by the public, physicians and health authorities is not widespread. Physicians still confuse CKD with chronic kidney insufficiency or failure. For the wider public and health authorities, CKD evokes kidney replacement therapy (KRT). In Spain, the prevalence of KRT is 0.13%. Thus health authorities may consider CKD a non-issue: very few persons eventually need KRT and, for those in whom kidneys fail, the problem is 'solved' by dialysis or kidney transplantation. However, KRT is the tip of the iceberg in the burden of CKD. The main burden of CKD is accelerated ageing and premature death. The cut-off points for kidney function and kidney damage indexes that define CKD also mark an increased risk for all-cause premature death. CKD is the most prevalent risk factor for lethal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the factor that most increases the risk of death in COVID-19, after old age. Men and women undergoing KRT still have an annual mortality that is 10- to 100-fold higher than similar-age peers, and life expectancy is shortened by ~40 years for young persons on dialysis and by 15 years for young persons with a functioning kidney graft. CKD is expected to become the fifth greatest global cause of death by 2040 and the second greatest cause of death in Spain before the end of the century, a time when one in four Spaniards will have CKD. However, by 2022, CKD will become the only top-15 global predicted cause of death that is not supported by a dedicated well-funded Centres for Biomedical Research (CIBER) network structure in Spain. Realizing the underestimation of the CKD burden of disease by health authorities, the Decade of the Kidney initiative for 2020-2030 was launched by the American Association of Kidney Patients and the European Kidney Health Alliance. Leading Spanish kidney researchers grouped in the kidney collaborative research network Red de Investigación Renal have now applied for the Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS) call for collaborative research in Spain with the support of the Spanish Society of Nephrology, Federación Nacional de Asociaciones para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades del Riñón and ONT: RICORS2040 aims to prevent the dire predictions for the global 2040 burden of CKD from becoming true

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality