Scaling properties of a ferromagnetic thin film model at the depinning transition

In this paper, we perform a detailed study of the scaling properties of a ferromagnetic thin film model. Recently, interest has increased in the scaling properties of the magnetic domain wall (MDW) motion in disordered media when an external driving field is present. We consider a (1+1)-dimensional model, based on evolution rules, able to describe the MDW avalanches. The global interface width of this model shows Family-Vicsek scaling with roughness exponent $\zeta\simeq 1.585$ and growth exponent $\beta\simeq 0.975$. In contrast, this model shows scaling anomalies in the interface local properties characteristic of other systems with depinning transition of the MDW, e.g. quenched Edwards-Wilkinson (QEW) equation and random-field Ising model (RFIM) with driving. We show that, at the depinning transition, the saturated average velocity $v_\mathrm{sat}\sim f^\theta$ vanished very slowly (with $\theta\simeq 0.037$) when the reduced force $f=p/p_\mathrm{c}-1\to 0^{+}$. The simulation results show that this model verifies all accepted scaling relations which relate the global exponents and the correlation length (or time) exponents, valid in systems with depinning transition. Using the interface tilting method, we show that the model, close to the depinning transition, exhibits a nonlinearity similar to the one included in the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation. The nonlinear coefficient $\lambda\sim f^{-\phi}$ with $\phi\simeq -1.118$, which implies that $\lambda\to 0$ as the depinning transition is approached, a similar qualitatively behaviour to the driven RFIM. We conclude this work by discussing the main features of the model and the prospects opened by it.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, 1 tabl

Fluctuations of a surface relaxation model in interacting scale free networks

Isolated complex networks have been studied deeply in the last decades due to the fact that many real systems can be modeled using these types of structures. However, it is well known that the behavior of a system not only depends on itself, but usually also depends on the dynamics of other structures. For this reason, interacting complex networks and the processes developed on them have been the focus of study of many researches in the last years. One of the most studied subjects in this type of structures is the Synchronization problem, which is important in a wide variety of processes in real systems. In this manuscript we study the synchronization of two interacting scale-free networks, in which each node has $ke$ dependency links with different nodes in the other network. We map the synchronization problem with an interface growth, by studying the fluctuations in the steady state of a scalar field defined in both networks. We find that as $ke$ slightly increases from $ke=0$, there is a really significant decreasing in the fluctuations of the system. However, this considerable improvement takes place mainly for small values of $ke$, when the interaction between networks becomes stronger there is only a slight change in the fluctuations. We characterize how the dispersion of the scalar field depends on the internal degree, and we show that a combination between the decreasing of this dispersion and the integer nature of our growth model are the responsible for the behavior of the fluctuations with $ke$.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures and 1 tabl

Cell death induced by the application of alternating magnetic fields to nanoparticle-loaded dendritic cells

In this work, the capability of primary, monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) to uptake iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is assessed and a strategy to induce selective cell death in these MNP-loaded DCs using external alternating magnetic fields (AMFs) is reported. No significant decrease in the cell viability of MNP-loaded DCs, compared to the control samples, was observed after five days of culture. The amount of MNPs incorporated into the cytoplasm was measured by magnetometry, which confirmed that 1 to 5 pg of the particles were uploaded per cell. The intracellular distribution of these MNPs, assessed by transmission electron microscopy, was found to be primarily inside the endosomic structures. These cells were then subjected to an AMF for 30 min, and the viability of the blank DCs (i.e., without MNPs), which were used as control samples, remained essentially unaffected. However, a remarkable decrease of viability from approximately 90% to 2-5% of DCs previously loaded with MNPs was observed after the same 30 min exposure to an AMF. The same results were obtained using MNPs having either positive (NH2+) or negative (COOH-) surface functional groups. In spite of the massive cell death induced by application of AMF to MNP-loaded DCs, the amount of incorporated magnetic particles did not raise the temperature of the cell culture. Clear morphological changes at the cell structure after magnetic field application were observed using scanning electron microscopy. Therefore, local damage produced by the MNPs could be the main mechanism for the selective cell death of MNP-loaded DCs under an AMF. Based on the ability of these cells to evade the reticuloendothelial system, these complexes combined with an AMF should be considered as a potentially powerful tool for tumour therapy.Comment: In Press. 33 pages, 11 figure

A transcriptomic approach highlights induction of secondary metabolism in citrus fruit in response to Penicillium digitatum infection

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Postharvest losses of citrus fruit due to green mold decay, caused by the fungus <it>Penicillium digitaum</it>, have a considerable economic impact. However, little is known about the molecular processes underlying the response of citrus fruit to <it>P. digitatum</it>.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Here we describe the construction of a subtracted cDNA library enriched in citrus genes preferentially expressed in response to pathogen infection followed by cDNA macroarray hybridization to investigate gene expression during the early stages of colonization of the fruit's peel by <it>P. digitatum</it>. Sequence annotation of clones from the subtracted cDNA library revealed that induction of secondary and amino acid metabolisms constitutes the major response of citrus fruits to <it>P. digitatum </it>infection. Macroarray hybridization analysis was conducted with RNA from either control, wounded, ethylene treated or <it>P. digitatum </it>infected fruit. Results indicate an extensive overlap in the response triggered by the three treatments, but also demonstrated specific patterns of gene expression in response to each stimulus. Collectively our data indicate a significant presence of isoprenoid, alkaloid and phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes in the transcriptomic response of citrus fruits to <it>P. digitatum </it>infection. About half of the genes that are up-regulated in response to pathogen infection are also induced by ethylene, but many examples of ethylene-independent gene regulation were also found. Two notable examples of this regulation pattern are the genes showing homology to a caffeine synthase and a berberine bridge enzyme, two proteins involved in alkaloid biosynthesis, which are among the most induced genes upon <it>P. digitatum </it>infection but are not responsive to ethylene.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study provided the first global picture of the gene expression changes in citrus fruit in response to <it>P. digitatum </it>infection, emphasizing differences and commonalities with those triggered by wounding or exogenous ethylene treatment. Interpretation of the differentially expressed genes revealed that metabolism is redirected to the synthesis of isoprenes, alkaloids and phenylpropanoids.</p

Applications of telemedicine in the integral management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: systematic review

Resumen: Introducción. La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica es una enfermedad común, prevenible y tratable. Constitu- ye en la actualidad la 4a causa de mortalidad a nivel mundial con tendencia ascendente. Es una entidad muy infradiag- nosticada, que supone un elevado gasto a la Sanidad Pública y una importante pérdida de calidad de vida de las perso- nas que la padecen. En la actualidad no existe un programa de cribado eficaz y el seguimiento de los pacientes es una tarea difícil. Material y métodos. Se ha realizado una búsqueda sistemática de artículos relacionados con el manejo de la EPOC basado en el uso de las tecnologías. Las bases de datos utilizadas han sido: MEDLINE, Web of Science y Cochrane Library, además de las páginas web de organismos como WHO, SEPAR y GOLD. Se han incluido un total de 12 ar- tículos. Resultados. Del total de 12 artículos, 7 encontraron beneficios estadísticamente significativos de la aplicación de estas intervenciones en comparación con la asistencia sanitaria habitual. Entre los beneficios observados se encuentran un aumento de la adherencia a los tratamientos, un aumento de la calidad de vida, un mejor control sintomático y una re- ducción del número de exacerbaciones agudas. Conclusiones. La telemedicina es una herramienta potente que ofrece un amplio abanico de posibilidades para el mane- jo de la EPOC: telemonitorización, coaching electrónico, prevención temprana de las exacerbaciones, screening, tele- rehabilitación... Sin embargo, las evidencias existentes son insuficientes por lo que se requieren estudios potentes para poder extraer conclusiones firmes. Palabras clave: telemedicina; EPOC; telemonitorización; telerehabilitación. Abstract: Introduction. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is a common, preventable and treatable disease. It is currently the 4th cause of mortality worldwide with an upward trend. It is a underdiagnosed entity, which implies a high cost to Public Health, and a huge loss of quality of life for the people who suffer it. Currently, there is no effective screening program, and follow-up is a difficult task. Material and methods. A systematic review was made of articles related to the management of COPD based on the use of the technologies. The databases used were: MEDLINE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library in addition to the websites of organizations such as WHO, SEPAR and GOLD. A total of 12 articles have been included. Results. Of the total of 12 articles, 7 found statistically significant benefits of the application of these interventions in comparison with the usual healthcare. Among the benefits there is an increase in treatment adherence, an increase in quality of life, better control of their symptoms and a reduction in the number of accute exacerbations. Conclusions. Telemedicine is a powerful tool that offers a wide range of possibilities for the management of COPD: telemonitoring, electronic coaching, early prevention of exacerbations, screening, telerehabilitation... However, the existing evidence is weak so it is required the development of powerful studies in order to establish firm conclusions. Keywords: telemedicine; COPD; telemonitoring; telerehabilitation

An epidemic model for COVID-19 transmission in Argentina: Exploration of the alternating quarantine and massive testing strategies

The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged authorities at different levels of government administration aroundthe globe. When faced with diseases of this severity, it is useful for the authorities to have prediction tools to estimate in advance the impact on the health system as well as the human, material, and economic resources that will be necessary. In this paper, we construct an extended Susceptible?Exposed?Infected?Recovered modelthat incorporates the social structure of Mar del Plata, the 4◦ most inhabited city in Argentina and head ofthe Municipality of General Pueyrredón. Moreover, we consider detailed partitions of infected individualsaccording to the illness severity, as well as data of local health resources, to bring predictions closer to thelocal reality. Tuning the corresponding epidemic parameters for COVID-19, we study an alternating quarantinestrategy: a part of the population can circulate without restrictions at any time, while the rest is equally dividedinto two groups and goes on successive periods of normal activity and lockdown, each one with a durationof days. We also implement a random testing strategy with a threshold over the population. We found that = 7 is a good choice for the quarantine strategy since it reduces the infected population and, conveniently,it suits a weekly schedule. Focusing on the health system, projecting from the situation as of September 30,we foresee a difficulty to avoid saturation of the available ICU, given the extremely low levels of mobility thatwould be required. In the worst case, our model estimates that four thousand deaths would occur, of which30% could be avoided with proper medical attention. Nonetheless, we found that aggressive testing wouldallow an increase in the percentage of people that can circulate without restrictions, and the medical facilitiesto deal with the additional critical patients would be relatively low.Fil: Vassallo, Lautaro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas de Mar del Plata. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Pérez, Ignacio Augusto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas de Mar del Plata. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Alvarez Zuzek, Lucila G.. University Of Georgetown; Estados UnidosFil: Amaya, Julián. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Física; ArgentinaFil: Torres, Marcos F.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas de Mar del Plata. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Valdez, Lucas Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas de Mar del Plata. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: la Rocca, Cristian Ernesto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas de Mar del Plata. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Braunstein, Lidia Adriana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas de Mar del Plata. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas de Mar del Plata; Argentin

Real-Time In Vivo Detection of Cellular Senescence through the Controlled Release of the NIR Fluorescent Dye Nile Blue

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: B. Lozano-Torres, J. F. Blandez, I. Galiana, A. García-Fernández, M. Alfonso, M. D. Marcos, M. Orzáez, F. Sancenón, R. Martínez-Máñez, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2020, 59, 15152., which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202004142. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.[EN] In vivo detection of cellular senescence is accomplished by using mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with the NIR-FDA approved Nile blue (NB) dye and capped with a galactohexasaccharide (S3). NB emission at 672 nm is highly quenched inside S3, yet a remarkable emission enhancement is observed upon cap hydrolysis in the presence of beta-galactosidase and dye release. The efficacy of the probe to detect cellular senescence is tested in vitro in melanoma SK-Mel-103 and breast cancer 4T1 cells and in vivo in palbociclib-treated BALB/cByJ mice bearing breast cancer tumor.R.M. thanks financial support from the Spanish Government (RTI2018-100910-B-C41 and RTI2018-101599-B-C22 (MCUI/AEI/FEDER, UE)) and the Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO 2018/024). M.O. thanks the financial support from SAF2017-84689-R project and MINECO/AEI/FEDER, UE and the Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO/2019/065). B.L.-T. is grateful to the Spanish Ministry of Economy for her PhD grant. I.G. thanks her contract from IDM. J.F.-B. and M.A. thank the UPV for their postdoctoral fellowship.Lozano-Torres, B.; Blandez, JF.; Galiana, I.; García-Fernández, A.; Alfonso-Navarro, M.; Marcos Martínez, MD.; Orzáez, M.... (2020). Real-Time In Vivo Detection of Cellular Senescence through the Controlled Release of the NIR Fluorescent Dye Nile Blue. 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De campañas de medidas a productos de salinidad: un tributo a las contribuciones de Jordi Font a la mision SMOS

Camps, Adriano ... et al.-- Special volume: Planet Ocean. Scientia Marina 80(Suppl.1) 2016.-- 14 pages, 20 figures[EN] This article summarizes some of the activities in which Jordi Font, research professor and head of the Department of Physical and Technological Oceanography, Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC, Spanish National Research Council) in Barcelona, has been involved as co-Principal Investigator for Ocean Salinity of the European Space Agency Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) Earth Explorer Mission from the perspective of the Remote Sensing Lab at the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. We have probably left out some of his many contributions to salinity remote sensing, but we hope that this review will give an idea of the importance of his work. We focus on the following issues: 1) the new accurate measurements of the sea water dielectric constant, 2) the WISE and EuroSTARRS field experiments that helped to define the geophysical model function relating brightness temperature to sea state, 3) the FROG 2003 field experiment that helped to understand the emission of sea foam, 4) GNSS-R techniques for improving sea surface salinity retrieval, 5) instrument characterization campaigns, and 6) the operational implementation of the Processing Centre of Levels 3 and 4 at the SMOS Barcelona Expert Centre[ES] Este artículo resume algunas de las actividades en las que Jordi Font, profesor de investigación y jefe del Departamento de Física y Tecnología Oceanográfica, del Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC) en Barcelona, ha estado desarrollando como co-Investigador Principal de la parte de la misión SMOS de la ESA, una misión Earth Explorer, desde la perspectiva del Remote Sensing Lab, de la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Seguramente, estamos olvidando algunas de sus muchas contribuciones a la teledetección de la salinidad, pero esperamos que esta revisión dé una idea de la importancia de su trabajo. Este artículo se focaliza en los siguientes puntos: 1) las medidas de alta calidad de la constante dieléctrica del agua marina, 2) las campañas de medidas WISE y EuroSTARRS que ayudaron a la definición del modelo geofísico relacionando la temperatura de brillo con el estado del mar, 3) la campaña de medidas FROG 2003 que ayudó a entender la emisión de la espuma marina 4) presentación de las técnicas de GNSS-R para la mejora de la recuperación de la salinidad superficial 5) campañas para la caracterización del instrumento y 6) la implantación del centro de procesado operacional de niveles 3 y 4 en el SMOS Barcelona Expert CentreThis work has been performed under research grants TEC2005-06863-C02-01/TCM, ESP2005-06823-C05 and ESP2007-65667-C04, AYA2008-05906-C02-01/ESP, AYA2010-22062-C05 and ESP2015-70014-C2-1-R, and EURYI 2004 awardPeer Reviewe