La "seca" de olivos jóvenes I: sintomatología e incidencia de los agentes asociados

A drying and death syndrome of young olive trees, called «seca» in Spanish, is a problem affecting new plantations in Andalucía. Symptomatology associated is unspecific: foliage wilting, with or without yellowing or defoliation, that usually produce the death of the affected tree. To determine the etiology of this problem, a study was carried out in samples of affected trees received during seven years (1989-95) by the Plant Health Service in Córdoba, and in some field surveys in 1994-95 and 1996. Besides some insect damage and agronomic problems, the major causes of «seca» were root rots associated with several soilborne fungi, Verticillium wilt and frost damage, being their incidence 33.1, 23.3 and 7.8%, respectively. The incidence of every factor varied greatly depending on climatic conditions. In fact, root rots associated with Phytophthora megasperma were very frequent in 1996, when olive plantations remained waterlogged for a long period of time. In contrast, in 1994-95, under severe drought conditions root rots were scarce, and «seca» was mainly associated with winter frost damage. The incidence of Verticillium wilt was high in the three sample periods, even when this disease had been excluded from the «seca» problem. Nursery plants affected by damping-off were also analysed. Fungi associated with nursery root rots differed from field isolates. Then, we could refuse the nursery as origin of root rots.La desecación y muerte de olivos jóvenes, comúnmente denominada «seca», es un problema que está afectando a las nuevas plantaciones de olivar en Andalucía. Los síntomas típicamente asociados a la «seca» son inespecíficos: marchitez general de las hojas, con o sin amarillez previa o defoliación, que a menudo lleva a la muerte del olivo afectado. Para determinar la etiología de este problema se ha llevado a cabo un estudio en Andalucía sobre muestras de olivo recibidas a lo largo de siete años (1989- 95) por la Sección de Sanidad Vegetal de Córdoba, junto con las procedentes de una serie de prospecciones de olivares afectados realizadas en 1994-95 y 1996. Además de algunos daños atribuidos a insectos y a manejos inadecuados de la plantación, las principales causas de «seca» fueron podredumbres radiculares asociadas con diversos hongos del suelo, la Verticilosis y daños por heladas, cuya incidencia media fue del 33,1, 23,3 y 7,8%, respectivamente. No obstante, se observaron importantes variaciones en la incidencia de estos factores dependiendo de las condiciones meteorológicas dominantes en cada período de prospección. Así, las podredumbres radiculares asociadas al hongo Phytophthora megasperma, fueron muy frecuentes durante 1996, año muy húmedo en el cual la mayoría de olivares estuvieron sometidos a encharcamientos prolongados. Por el contrario, en las prospecciones de 1994-95, en condiciones de sequía severa, las podredumbres radiculares apenas tuvieron incidencia, destacando el elevado porcentaje de olivares jóvenes en los que la «seca» se asoció con daños producidos por las bruscas heladas de invierno, tras un período otoñal de temperaturas muy suaves. La Verticilosis destacó por su elevada incidencia en los tres muéstreos, a pesar de que esta enfermedad había sido excluida de los casos de «seca». Además, se analizaron también plantas de vivero afectadas de muerte de plántulas («damping-off») y podredumbre del sistema radicular. Se ha determinado que los hongos asociados a estas podredumbres en vivero son distintos de los aislados de campo y que, por lo tanto, debe descartarse el vivero como origen de las podredumbres radiculares

Higher versus lower nut consumption and changes in cognitive performance over two years in a population at risk of cognitive decline: a cohort study

Background: Tree nuts and peanuts (henceforth, nuts) are nutrient-dense foods rich in neuroprotective components; thus, their consumption could benefit cognitive health. However, evidence to date is limited and inconsistent regarding the potential benefits of nuts for cognitive function. Objective: To prospectively evaluate the association between nut consumption and 2-y changes in cognitive performance in older adults at cognitive decline risk. Methods: A total of 6,630 participants aged 55 to 75 y (mean age 65.0±4.9 y, 48.4% women) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome completed a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests at baseline and a 2-y follow-up. Composite cognitive scores were used to assess global, general, attention, and executive function domains. Nut consumption was categorized as Results: Nut consumption was positively associated with 2-y changes in general cognitive function (P-trend Conclusion: Frequent nut consumption was associated with a smaller decline in general cognitive performance over 2 y in older adults at risk of cognitive decline. Randomized clinical trials to verify our findings are warranted

Mediterranean, DASH, and MIND Dietary Patterns and Cognitive Function: The 2-Year Longitudinal Changes in an Older Spanish Cohort

Background and Aims: Plant-forward dietary patterns have been associated with cardiometabolic health benefits, which, in turn, have been related to cognitive performance with inconsistent findings. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between baseline adherence to three a priori dietary patterns (Mediterranean, DASH, and MIND diets) with 2-year changes in cognitive performance in older adults with overweight or obesity and high cardiovascular disease risk. Methods: A prospective cohort analysis was conducted within the PREDIMED-Plus trial, involving 6,647 men and women aged 55-75 years with overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome. Using a validated, semiquantitative 143-item food frequency questionnaire completed at baseline, the dietary pattern adherence scores were calculated. An extensive neuropsychological test battery was administered at baseline and 2-year follow-up. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models were used to assess associations between 2-year changes in cognitive function z-scores across tertiles of baseline adherence to the a priori dietary patterns. Results: Adherence to the Mediterranean diet at baseline was associated with 2-year changes in the general cognitive screening Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE, β: 0.070; 95% CI: 0.014, 0.175, P-trend = 0.011), and two executive function-related assessments: the Trail Making Tests Part A (TMT-A, β: −0.054; 95% CI: −0.110, − 0.002, P-trend = 0.047) and Part B (TMT-B, β: −0.079; 95% CI: −0.134, −0.024, P-trend = 0.004). Adherence to the MIND diet was associated with the backward recall Digit Span Test assessment of working memory (DST-B, β: 0.058; 95% CI: 0.002, 0.114, P-trend = 0.045). However, higher adherence to the DASH dietary pattern was not associated with better cognitive function over a period of 2 years. Conclusion: In older Spanish individuals with overweight or obesity and at high cardiovascular disease risk, higher baseline adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern may be associated with better cognitive performance than lower adherence over a period of 2 years

Gamificación en Iberoamérica. Experiencias desde la comunicación y la educación

La presente obra capitular es el resultado de las investigaciones sobre las aplicaciones de la gamificación en contextos múltiples, emergentes provenientes de las comunicaciones presentadas en el Simposio 06 del III Congreso Internacional Comunicación y Pensamiento (Sevilla, España), así como de aquellas presentadas por los miembros del Gamelab UPS, del Proyecto I+D+i Coordinado “Competencias mediáticas de la ciudadanía en medios digitales emergentes (smartphones y tablets): Prácticas innovadoras y estrategias educomunicativas en contextos múltiples” (EDU2015-64015-C3-1-R) (MINECO/FEDER), de la “Red de Educación Mediática” del Programa Estatal de Investigación Científica-Técnica de Excelencia, Subprograma Estatal de Generación de Conocimiento (EDU2016-81772-REDT), financiados por el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) y Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad de España. En este sentido se busca construir, desde una mirada dual desde Europa y América Latina el primer libro iberoamericano de gamificación, avalado por el Gamelab de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (Ecuador), el Proyecto I+D+i EDU2015-64015-C3-1-R, la Red Interuniversitaria Euroamericana de Investigación sobre Competencias Mediáticas para la Ciudadanía (Alfamed), el Laboratorio de Estudios en Comunicación (Ladecom) y el Grupo de Investigación Ágora (PAI-HUM-648) de la Universidad de Huelva (España) y el Grupo de Investigación Estructura, Historia y Contenidos de la Comunicación GREHCCO

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p < 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics

Purificación, características físico-químicas y especificidad bioquímica de la ferredoxina de hojas de lechuga

Universidad de Granada. Facultad de Ciencias. Leída el 15-01-197

Construcción de un radiofaro (DVOR/DME) para la navegación aérea en Arta, Mallorca, España

A radio beacon is just a reference point, a station that sends out radio signals to help planes to find their way.
 This station requires the construction of a platform of 40 metres diameter, generally sited in mountain heights or in places free from interferences.
 In this work, the radio beacon recently built in Arta, at the Northeastern end of Mallorca by Dragados & Construcciones S. A. is described, developing the most representative of the construction: the concrete structure and the setting of the iron structure because of its special characteristics of form and dimensions.<br><br>Un radiofaro es sencillamente un punto de referencia, que mediante la emisión de señales eléctricas, sitúa y ayuda a la navegación aérea, principalmente en su orientación hacia los aeropuertos.
 Para ello, se requiere la construcción de una plataforma circular de 40 metros de diámetro, que se sitúa generalmente en cimas de montaña o puntos suficientemente despejados de interferencias.
 En este artículo se describe el radiofaro recientemente construido en Arta, extremo Noreste de la isla de Mallorca, por Dragados y Construcciones S. A. haciendo especial desarrollo de los aspectos más representativos de la construcción de la obra, como son la ejecución de la estructura de hormigón y el montaje de la estructura metálica, dadas las características tan singulares, en cuanto a forma y dimensiones, de la misma