89 research outputs found
Conductance through an array of quantum dots
We propose a simple approach to study the conductance through an array of
interacting quantum dots, weakly coupled to metallic leads. Using a mapping to
an effective site which describes the low-lying excitations and a slave-boson
representation in the saddle-point approximation, we calculated the conductance
through the system. Explicit results are presented for N=1 and N=3: a linear
array and an isosceles triangle. For N=1 in the Kondo limit, the results are in
very good agreement with previous results obtained with numerical
renormalization group (NRG). In the case of the linear trimer for odd , when
the parameters are such that electron-hole symmetry is induced, we obtain
perfect conductance . The validity of the approach is discussed in
detail.Comment: to appear in Phys. Rev.
Eelgrass Health Survey and Results
Researchers at the University of New Hampshire designed, tested, and conducted an eelgrass health survey. The primary goal of the survey was to collect health ratings from respondents who had viewed pre-selected images of eelgrass representing a wide range of health conditions. Survey results were used as a calibration and validation to a novel eelgrass health index developed using video-monitoring. Two secondary goals of this this survey were the identification of plant-specific and environmental characteristics important to respondents and the introduction of the new eelgrass health index. This published dataset includes de-identified survey respondent background and demographic data, the survey images and questions, and respondentsā eelgrass health ratings and selection rationale
Engineering Fano resonances in discrete networks
We study transmission properties of discrete networks composed of linear
arrays coupled to systems of N side defects, and demonstrate the basic
principles of the resonant scattering management through engineering Fano
resonances. We find exact solutions for the wave transmission coefficient and
reveal the conditions for the perfect reflections and transmissions due to
either destructive or constructive interferences. We associate these
reflections and transmissions with Fano resonances, and demonstrate how they
can be tuned by introducing nonlinear defects into the network.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Nonlinear Fano resonance and bistable wave transmission
We consider a discrete model that describes a linear chain of particles
coupled to a single-site defect with instantaneous Kerr nonlinearity. We show
that this model can be regarded as a nonlinear generalization of the familiar
Fano-Anderson model, and it can generate the amplitude depended bistable
resonant transmission or reflection. We identify these effects as the nonlinear
Fano resonance, and study its properties for continuous waves and pulses.Comment: 9 pages, 14 figure, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Effect of Cromoglycate on Gas Changes, During Bronchial Challenge by UNCDW in Children with Asthma
Eighteen asthmatic children were challenged with ultrasonically
nebulized cold distilled water (UNCDW). Blood gas composition was
monitored transcutaneously (tcpO2 and tcpCO2)
during and after the challenge. Assuming as basal the response to
this UNCDW test, nine children (Group A) were then chosen at random
to inhale cromoglycate by aerosol delivery for 8 days. Nine children
(Group B), acting as a control, inhaled saline for 8 days. At the
end of this therapy, each child repeated the UNCDW test. Statistical
analysis with t-test for paired data was used to compare the results
of each child to both tests. Mean basal tcpO2 and
tcpCO2 were all within the expected normal range. In all
children, both mean tcpO2 and tcpCO2 were
reduced during and after UNCDW inhalation. Mean tcpCO2
values during the challenge were significantly (p < 0.001) lower than the corresponding steady state 2 rain after the UNCDW
challenge, with a mean drop of ā7% (2.1 S.D.). Mean
tcpO2 values remained significantly decreased
(p < 0.001) from the fifth mitt of the UNCDW challenge to the end of the
observation period, with a mean drop of ā20% (15.5
S.D.). After treatment with cromoglycate (Group A), the mean
tcpCO2 values during UNCDW did not change significantly
from those ofsteady state conditions: ā0.8% (0.5 S.D.);
whereas mean tcpO2 values decreased by ā4%
(4.9 S.D.). The control children treated with saline (Group B)
showed mean tcpCO2 and tcpO2 values which were
significantly different (p < 0.001) from those of the steady
state conditions: mean drop of tcpCO2, ā6%
(4.2 S.D.); mean drop of tcpO2, ā20% (4.7
S.D.). In conclusion, it emerges that: UNCDW induces nonspecific
broncho-constriction in asthmatic children with a typical drop of
tcpCO2 and tcpO2; the treatment with
cromoglycate normalizes the time course of tcpCO2
(hyper-reactivity) and reduces dramatically the drop of
tcpO2 time course (hyper-responsivity) during and after
the UNCDW test
Angiogenesis in tissue engineering : Breathing life into constructed tissue substitutes
Long-term function of three-dimensional (3D) tissue constructs depends on adequate vascularization after implantation. Accordingly, research in tissue engineering has focused on the analysis of angiogenesis. For this purpose, 2 sophisticated in vivo models (the chorioallantoic membrane and the dorsal skinfold chamber) have recently been introduced in tissue engineering research, allowing a more detailed analysis of angiogenic dysfunction and engraftment failure. To achieve vascularization of tissue constructs, several approaches are currently under investigation. These include the modification of biomaterial properties of scaffolds and the stimulation of blood vessel development and maturation by different growth factors using slow-release devices through pre-encapsulated microspheres. Moreover, new microvascular networks in tissue substitutes can be engineered by using endothelial cells and stem cells or by creating arteriovenous shunt loops. Nonetheless, the currently used techniques are not sufficient to induce the rapid vascularization necessary for an adequate cellular oxygen supply. Thus, future directions of research should focus on the creation of microvascular networks within 3D tissue constructs in vitro before implantation or by co-stimulation of angiogenesis and parenchymal cell proliferation to engineer the vascularized tissue substitute in situ
Site Selective Detection of Methane Dissociation on Stepped Pt Surfaces
We report a combined experimental and theoretical study comparing methane dissociation on three di erent platinum surfaces Pt(111), Pt(211), and Pt(110)-(1 Ć 2). Re ection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) was used to detect chemisorbed methyl species formed by dissociative chemisorption of CH4 on speci c surface sites and to measure surface- site-speci c sticking coe cients of CH4 on the terrace, step, and ridge sites as function of incident translational energy. Methane dissociation is observed to be direct on all sites and di usion of the chemisorbed methyl species is absent for surface temperature below 150 K. The experimental data are compared with the results of density functional (DFT) calculations that give minimum energy barriers for CH4 chemisorption that properly account for the experimental relative site-speci c reactivities. Also in agreement with experiments, DFT results predict a negligible e ect of co-adsorbed H and CH3 species on the vibrational frequency of a methyl group chemisorbed on terrace and step sites of Pt(211). However, the origin of the red-shift of the RAIRS peak of CH3 chemisorbed on terrace sites compared with that on step sites of Pt(211) remains elusive and still demands further investigation
Interaction between Kondo impurities in a quantum corral
We calculate the spectral densities for two impurities inside an elliptical
quantum corral using exact diagonalization in the relevant Hilbert subspace and
embedding into the rest of the system. For one impurity, the space and energy
dependence of the change in differential conductance observed
in the quantum mirage experiment is reproduced. In presence of another
impurity, is very sensitive to the hybridization between
impurity and bulk. The impurities are correlated ferromagnetically between
them. A hopping eV between impurities destroy the Kondo
resonance.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Kondo resonances and Fano antiresonances in transport through quantum dots
The transmission of electrons through a non-interacting tight-binding chain
with an interacting side quantum dot (QD) is analized. When the Kondo effect
develops at the dot the conductance presents a wide minimum, reaching zero at
the unitary limit. This result is compared to the opposite behaviour found in
an embedded QD. Application of a magnetic field destroys the Kondo effect and
the conductance shows pairs of dips separated by the charging energy U. The
results are discussed in terms of Fano antiresonances and explain qualitatively
recent experimental results.Comment: 4 pages including 4 figure
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