Laser Tracker - a handy device that verify proprioception of neck and head

Introduction:Cervical spine has the greatest mobility of the remaining part thereof. High mobility and relatively low load which is subject neck (own weight, the weight of the head, tension arising from the work of the shoulder girdle) make, it becomes vulnerable to injuries and overload resulting from adverse external conditions. Neck pain are a common problem of modern society, the sources of their formation can be many. According to many researchers, long-lasting neck pain interferes with afferent nerve conduction perpetuating abnormal muscle tension within the back of the head, neck and shoulder girdle, which adversely affects the feeling of proprioceptive cervical spine. Stability disorders may appear years before the onset of clinical symptoms, such as wypukliny or radiologically confirmed signs of degeneration of the intervertebral disc, significantly hindering the functioning of the patient and potentially reducing the maximum capabilities of the athlete. Aim: The aim of this paper is to present the possibility of using Laser Tracker, a simple, compact device intended for research and training in the deep sensation of the head and neck.Summary:In the light of the role that fully cervical posture for the entire body, and the fact that proper proprioception is the main pillar of prevention of injuries and overload control determines the correct neuromuscular therapy should help with visual feedback, which gives the opportunity to the Laser Tracker. In practice, the office seems to have a therapeutic effect on the invaluable role and unlimited possibilities of further use

The role of disordered angiogenesis tissue markers (sflt-1, Plgf) in present day diagnosis of preeclampsia

Preeclampsia and conditions associated with impaired placental perfusion develop in almost 10% of all pregnancies. Patho- logic angiogenesis is one of the processes observed in preeclampsia. sFlt-1, PlGF and the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio are new and promising angiogenesis-related biomarkers. Our paper describes the present status of, and clinical practice opportunities for, these factors.  According to present data, sFlt-1, PlGF and the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio are very useful tools in assessing placental angiogenesis abnormalities associated with preeclampsia and can be use in clinical practice.

Protokół terapeutyczny w dokumentowaniu procesu napromieniania pacjentów w zakładzie radioterapii

SummaryA decision to start radiotherapy should be based on at least two documents:1.Written standards of obligatory clinical procedures which are in fact radiotherapeutic schemes.2.Therapeutic protocols describing all mandatory procedures performed to ensure a safe and proper treatment of the patient.The range of activities described in the therapeutic protocol is very wide.It includes all initial procedures implemented in the simulation room, the CT scanner, in the treatment planning system and the mould- room, and it describes the verification process of the treatment plan, mandatory to start radiotherapy.The therapeutic protocol describes in details what and how should be checked by an internal control system and it qualifies the demands required to sum up the treatment and its’ accordance with the planned radiotherapy scheme.All the activities performed are recorded in a QA protocol, which is an integral part of the therapeutic protocol.In this paper we present the therapeutic protocol in force in the Regional Oncological Hospital in Szczecin and the QA and in-vivo protocols, which assure safe radiotherapy of the patient

Urinary incontinence - a problem of modern society

Abstract Urinary incontinence is the involuntary leakage of urine through the urethra. The World Health Organization indicates that incontinence is a very important social problem. In addition to a significant deterioration of the quality of life, this ailment significantly affects the social, professional and family life of people suffering from it. Statistics indicate that this problem affects about 5 million people in the Poland, both women and men. There are a number of risk factors, of which the most common are: postpartum period, menopausal period in women, prostatic hypertrophy in men and obesity, severe physical work and smoking in both groups. Physiotherapy is an important element of conservative treatment. The most common therapies are: biofeedback, pelvic floor training and electrostimulatio

Edema in pregnant women - possibility of physiotherapeutic treatment

Lymphedema is excessive, pathologic accumulation of lymph. During pregnancy, especially in the third trimester of the body women collect water supply. In addition, the increased amount of blood circulating and difficult is the outflow of the lower limbs as a result of oppression growing uterus on the iliac veins are the reason for the formation of edema.Emerging swellings do not always bear witness to the pathology of pregnancy. Slight swelling localized around: ankles and fingers and toes, if not accompanied by an increase in blood pressure, there are disturbing. As a rule, they disappear after a rest. There are many physiotherapeutic methods that reduce edema. They are intended primarily to drain the edema fluid from the tissues. Applied physiotherapy also prevents functional effects of edema and abolishes pain, which significantly improves patient quality of life. The International Lymphatic Association (Lymphatic Association) is the primary treatment for edema, which is a comprehensive treatment for the treatment of edema. This includes: manual lymphatic drainage, lymph drainage exercises, multilayer bandaging, skin care, and patient education

Rapid assessment of the IL-6 cervico-vaginal fluid level in threatening preterm labor

Summary Objectives: The aim of the study was to check the cervico-vaginal fluid IL-6 levels using rapid, quantitive test in patients with threatening preterm labor, before and after tocolytic treatment. Material and methods: Sixty seven singular pregnant women, between 24 and 36 weeks of gestation, were included into the clinical trial. 35 women who were admitted to the Department due to clinical symptoms of threatened preterm labor formed the study group. 32 women between 24 and 36 gestational week, with uncomplicated pregnancy, formed the control group. Levels of IL-6 were measured just after material collection, using fast, quantitative spectrofotometric test. Results: The cervico-vaginal IL-6 level was higher in the study group (458pg/mL vs 123pg/mL;

The crown-rump length measurement — ISUOG criteria and clinical practice

Objectives: Significance of the crown-rump length (CRL) measurement criteria in the assessments of gestational age andactual precision in daily clinical practice.Material and methods: We recruited 806 pregnant women with singleton pregnancy and history of regular menstrualperiods.We analysed retrospectively CRL measurements obtained during routine first trimester scan performed between11 + 0 and 13 + 6 weeks gestation. Gestational age was calculated using both the last menstrual period (LMP) and the CRL.The images of the CRL measurements were assessed by the expert. The visual analysis of the images in terms of meeting thefive criteria recommended by the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG) was performed.Statistical analysis were used to assess how the above-mentioned criteria influenced calculation of the gestational age.Results: The study showed 323 out of 806 of the CRL measurements (40.1%) were qualified by a specialist as accurate,279 (34.6%) as inaccurate, and 204 (25.3%) as inaccurate, but not changing the duration of a pregnancy. With the applicationin the assessment of the five criteria of the ISOUG 217 (26.9%), the following results of qualification were obtained: accurate— fulfilled ≥ 4, inaccurate 341 (42.3%) — fulfilled ≤ 2, whereas inaccurate, but not changing the duration of a pregnancy248 (30.8%) — 3 criteria fulfilled. We found that only the neutralof the fetus demonstrated a significant corellation withthe assessment of the duration of a gestation.Conclusions: a) the accurate audit of the CRL measurements is recommended; b) neutral position of the fetus is the mostimportant criterion out of 5

Secondary literacy across the curriculum: Challenges and possibilities

This paper discusses the challenges and possibilities attendant upon successfully implementing literacy across the curriculum initiatives – or ‘school language policies’ as they have come to be known - particularly at the secondary or high school level. It provides a theoretical background to these issues, exploring previous academic discussions of school language policies, and highlights key areas of concern as well as opportunity with respect to school implementation of such policies. As such, it provides a necessary conceptual background to the subsequent papers in this special issue, which focus upon the Secondary Schools’ Literacy Initiative (SSLI) – a New Zealand funded programme that aims to establish cross-curricular language and literacy policies in secondary schools