Laser Tracker - a handy device that verify proprioception of neck and head

Introduction:Cervical spine has the greatest mobility of the remaining part thereof. High mobility and relatively low load which is subject neck (own weight, the weight of the head, tension arising from the work of the shoulder girdle) make, it becomes vulnerable to injuries and overload resulting from adverse external conditions. Neck pain are a common problem of modern society, the sources of their formation can be many. According to many researchers, long-lasting neck pain interferes with afferent nerve conduction perpetuating abnormal muscle tension within the back of the head, neck and shoulder girdle, which adversely affects the feeling of proprioceptive cervical spine. Stability disorders may appear years before the onset of clinical symptoms, such as wypukliny or radiologically confirmed signs of degeneration of the intervertebral disc, significantly hindering the functioning of the patient and potentially reducing the maximum capabilities of the athlete. Aim: The aim of this paper is to present the possibility of using Laser Tracker, a simple, compact device intended for research and training in the deep sensation of the head and neck.Summary:In the light of the role that fully cervical posture for the entire body, and the fact that proper proprioception is the main pillar of prevention of injuries and overload control determines the correct neuromuscular therapy should help with visual feedback, which gives the opportunity to the Laser Tracker. In practice, the office seems to have a therapeutic effect on the invaluable role and unlimited possibilities of further use

Secondary literacy across the curriculum: Challenges and possibilities

This paper discusses the challenges and possibilities attendant upon successfully implementing literacy across the curriculum initiatives – or ‘school language policies’ as they have come to be known - particularly at the secondary or high school level. It provides a theoretical background to these issues, exploring previous academic discussions of school language policies, and highlights key areas of concern as well as opportunity with respect to school implementation of such policies. As such, it provides a necessary conceptual background to the subsequent papers in this special issue, which focus upon the Secondary Schools’ Literacy Initiative (SSLI) – a New Zealand funded programme that aims to establish cross-curricular language and literacy policies in secondary schools

Differences in Inflammatory Markers between Nulliparous Women Admitted to Hospitals in Preactive vs Active Labor

Objective To determine whether labor-associated inflammatory markers differ between low-risk, nulliparous women in preactive vs active labor at hospital admission and over time. Study Design Prospective comparative study of low-risk, nulliparous women with spontaneous labor onset at term (n = 118) sampled from 2 large Midwestern hospitals. Circulating concentrations of inflammatory markers were measured at admission and again 2 and 4 hours later: namely, neutrophil, and monocyte counts; and serum inflammatory cytokines (interleukin -1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-10) and chemokines (interleukin-8). Biomarker concentrations and their patterns of change over time were compared between preactive (n = 63) and active (n = 55) labor admission groups using Mann-Whitney U tests. Results Concentrations of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 in the active labor admission group were significantly higher than concentrations in the preactive labor admission group at all 3 time points. Neutrophil levels were significantly higher in the active group at 2 and 4 hours after admission. The rate of increase in neutrophils and interleukin-10 between admission and 2 hours later was faster in the active group (P \u3c .001 and P = .003, respectively). Conclusion Circulating concentrations of several inflammatory biomarkers are higher and their rate of change over time since admission is faster among low-risk, nulliparous women admitted to hospitals in active labor, as compared with those admitted in preactive labor. More research is needed to determine if progressive changes in inflammatory biomarkers might be a useful adjunct to improving the assessment of labor progression and determining the optimal timing of labor admission

The role of disordered angiogenesis tissue markers (sflt-1, Plgf) in present day diagnosis of preeclampsia

Preeclampsia and conditions associated with impaired placental perfusion develop in almost 10% of all pregnancies. Patho- logic angiogenesis is one of the processes observed in preeclampsia. sFlt-1, PlGF and the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio are new and promising angiogenesis-related biomarkers. Our paper describes the present status of, and clinical practice opportunities for, these factors.  According to present data, sFlt-1, PlGF and the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio are very useful tools in assessing placental angiogenesis abnormalities associated with preeclampsia and can be use in clinical practice.

Edema in pregnant women - possibility of physiotherapeutic treatment

Lymphedema is excessive, pathologic accumulation of lymph. During pregnancy, especially in the third trimester of the body women collect water supply. In addition, the increased amount of blood circulating and difficult is the outflow of the lower limbs as a result of oppression growing uterus on the iliac veins are the reason for the formation of edema.Emerging swellings do not always bear witness to the pathology of pregnancy. Slight swelling localized around: ankles and fingers and toes, if not accompanied by an increase in blood pressure, there are disturbing. As a rule, they disappear after a rest. There are many physiotherapeutic methods that reduce edema. They are intended primarily to drain the edema fluid from the tissues. Applied physiotherapy also prevents functional effects of edema and abolishes pain, which significantly improves patient quality of life. The International Lymphatic Association (Lymphatic Association) is the primary treatment for edema, which is a comprehensive treatment for the treatment of edema. This includes: manual lymphatic drainage, lymph drainage exercises, multilayer bandaging, skin care, and patient education

Urinary incontinence - a problem of modern society

Abstract Urinary incontinence is the involuntary leakage of urine through the urethra. The World Health Organization indicates that incontinence is a very important social problem. In addition to a significant deterioration of the quality of life, this ailment significantly affects the social, professional and family life of people suffering from it. Statistics indicate that this problem affects about 5 million people in the Poland, both women and men. There are a number of risk factors, of which the most common are: postpartum period, menopausal period in women, prostatic hypertrophy in men and obesity, severe physical work and smoking in both groups. Physiotherapy is an important element of conservative treatment. The most common therapies are: biofeedback, pelvic floor training and electrostimulatio

Rapid assessment of the IL-6 cervico-vaginal fluid level in threatening preterm labor

Summary Objectives: The aim of the study was to check the cervico-vaginal fluid IL-6 levels using rapid, quantitive test in patients with threatening preterm labor, before and after tocolytic treatment. Material and methods: Sixty seven singular pregnant women, between 24 and 36 weeks of gestation, were included into the clinical trial. 35 women who were admitted to the Department due to clinical symptoms of threatened preterm labor formed the study group. 32 women between 24 and 36 gestational week, with uncomplicated pregnancy, formed the control group. Levels of IL-6 were measured just after material collection, using fast, quantitative spectrofotometric test. Results: The cervico-vaginal IL-6 level was higher in the study group (458pg/mL vs 123pg/mL;