553 research outputs found
Weakly Nonextensive Thermostatistics and the Ising Model with Long--range Interactions
We introduce a nonextensive entropic measure that grows like
, where is the size of the system under consideration. This kind
of nonextensivity arises in a natural way in some -body systems endowed with
long-range interactions described by interparticle potentials.
The power law (weakly nonextensive) behavior exhibited by is
intermediate between (1) the linear (extensive) regime characterizing the
standard Boltzmann-Gibbs entropy and the (2) the exponential law (strongly
nonextensive) behavior associated with the Tsallis generalized -entropies.
The functional is parametrized by the real number
in such a way that the standard logarithmic entropy is recovered when
>. We study the mathematical properties of the new entropy, showing that the
basic requirements for a well behaved entropy functional are verified, i.e.,
possesses the usual properties of positivity, equiprobability,
concavity and irreversibility and verifies Khinchin axioms except the one
related to additivity since is nonextensive. For , the
entropy becomes superadditive in the thermodynamic limit. The
present formalism is illustrated by a numerical study of the thermodynamic
scaling laws of a ferromagnetic Ising model with long-range interactions.Comment: LaTeX file, 20 pages, 7 figure
Dynamical mechanism of anticipating synchronization in excitable systems
We analyze the phenomenon of anticipating synchronization of two excitable
systems with unidirectional delayed coupling which are subject to the same
external forcing. We demonstrate for different paradigms of excitable system
that, due to the coupling, the excitability threshold for the slave system is
always lower than that for the master. As a consequence the two systems respond
to a common external forcing with different response times. This allows to
explain in a simple way the mechanism behind the phenomenon of anticipating
synchronization.Comment: 4 pages including 7 figures. Submitted for publicatio
Discrete--time ratchets, the Fokker--Planck equation and Parrondo's paradox
Parrondo's games manifest the apparent paradox where losing strategies can be
combined to win and have generated significant multidisciplinary interest in
the literature. Here we review two recent approaches, based on the
Fokker-Planck equation, that rigorously establish the connection between
Parrondo's games and a physical model known as the flashing Brownian ratchet.
This gives rise to a new set of Parrondo's games, of which the original games
are a special case. For the first time, we perform a complete analysis of the
new games via a discrete-time Markov chain (DTMC) analysis, producing winning
rate equations and an exploration of the parameter space where the paradoxical
behaviour occurs.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figure
A Model of Intra-seasonal Oscillations in the Earth atmosphere
We suggest a way of rationalizing an intra-seasonal oscillations (IOs) of the
Earth atmospheric flow as four meteorological relevant triads of interacting
planetary waves, isolated from the system of all the rest planetary waves.
Our model is independent of the topography (mountains, etc.) and gives a
natural explanation of IOs both in the North and South Hemispheres. Spherical
planetary waves are an example of a wave mesoscopic system obeying discrete
resonances that also appears in other areas of physics.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figs, Submitted to PR
Predict-prevent control method for perturbed excitable systems
We present a control method based on two steps: prediction and prevention.
For prediction we use the anticipated synchronization scheme, considering
unidirectional coupling between excitable systems in a master-slave
configuration. The master is the perturbed system to be controlled, meanwhile
the slave is an auxiliary system which is used to predict the master's
behavior. We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that an efficient
control may be achieved.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Diffusing opinions in bounded confidence processes
We study the effects of diffusing opinions on the Deffuant et al. model for
continuous opinion dynamics. Individuals are given the opportunity to change
their opinion, with a given probability, to a randomly selected opinion inside
an interval centered around the present opinion. We show that diffusion induces
an order-disorder transition. In the disordered state the opinion distribution
tends to be uniform, while for the ordered state a set of well defined opinion
clusters are formed, although with some opinion spread inside them. If the
diffusion jumps are not large, clusters coalesce, so that weak diffusion favors
opinion consensus. A master equation for the process described above is
presented. We find that the master equation and the Monte-Carlo simulations do
not always agree due to finite-size induced fluctuations. Using a linear
stability analysis we can derive approximate conditions for the transition
between opinion clusters and the disordered state. The linear stability
analysis is compared with Monte Carlo simulations. Novel interesting phenomena
are analyzed
Analytical and numerical study of the non-linear noisy voter model on complex networks
We study the noisy voter model using a specific non-linear dependence of the
rates that takes into account collective interaction between individuals. The
resulting model is solved exactly under the all-to-all coupling configuration
and approximately in some random networks environments. In the all-to-all setup
we find that the non-linear interactions induce "bona fide" phase transitions
that, contrary to the linear version of the model, survive in the thermodynamic
limit. The main effect of the complex network is to shift the transition lines
and modify the finite-size dependence, a modification that can be captured with
the introduction of an effective system size that decreases with the degree
heterogeneity of the network. While a non-trivial finite-size dependence of the
moments of the probability distribution is derived from our treatment,
mean-field exponents are nevertheless obtained in the thermodynamic limit.
These theoretical predictions are well confirmed by numerical simulations of
the stochastic process
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