160 research outputs found
Matrix Theory for the DLCQ of Type IIB String Theory on the AdS/Plane-wave
We propose a recipe to construct the DLCQ Hamiltonian of type IIB string
theory on the AdS (and/or plane-wave) background. We consider a system of J
number of coincident unstable non-BPS D0-branes of IIB theory in the light-cone
gauge and on the plane-wave background with a compact null direction, the
dynamics of which is described by the world-line U(J) gauge theory. This
configuration suffers from tachyonic instabilities. Having instabilities been
cured through the process of open string tachyon condensation, by expanding the
theory about true minima of the effective potential and furthermore taking low
energy limit to decouple the heavy modes, we end up with a 0+1-dimensional
supersymmetric U(J) gauge theory, a Matrix Theory. We conjecture that the
Hamiltonian of this Matrix Theory is just the DLCQ Hamiltonian of type IIB
string theory on the AdS or equivalently plane-wave background in a sector with
J units of light-cone momentum. We present some pieces of evidence in support
of the proposal.Comment: LaTeX, 35 pages, 2 eps figures; v2: minor changes, references added;
v3: minor change
Holographic Hydrodynamics of {\it Tilted} Dirac Materials
We present a gravity dual to a quantum material with tilted Dirac cone in 2+1
dimensional spacetime. In this many-body system the electronics degrees of
freedom are strongly-coupled, constitute a Dirac fluid and admit an effective
hydrodynamic description. The holographic techniques are applied to compute the
thermodynamic variables and hydrodynamic transports of a fluid on the boundary
of an asymptotically anti de Sitter spacetime with a boosted black hole in the
bulk. We find that these materials exhibit deviations from the normal Dirac
fluid which rely on the tilt of the Dirac cone. In particular, the shear
viscosity to entropy density ratio is reduced and the KSS bound is violated in
this system. This prediction can be experimentally verified in two-dimensional
quantum materials ({\it e.g.} organic -({BEDT}-{TTF})I and
borophene) with tilted Dirac cone.Comment: 7 two-column page
Electron Currents from Gradual Heating in Tilted Dirac Cone Materials
Materials hosting tilted Dirac/Weyl fermions upgrade the solid-state
phenomena into a new spacetime structure. They admit a geometric description in
terms of an effective spacetime metric. Using this metric that is rooted in the
long-distance behavior of the underlying lattice, we formulate the
hydrodynamics theory for tilted Dirac/Weyl materials in spacetime
dimensions. We find that the mingling of space and time through the
off-diagonal components of the metric gives rise to: (i) heat and electric
currents proportional to the "temporal" gradient of temperature,
and (ii) a non-zero Hall conductance where
parametrizes the tilt in 'th space direction. The finding (i)
above that can be demonstrated in the laboratory, suggests that thanks to the
non-trivial spacetime geometry in these materials, naturally available sources
of in hot deserts offer a new concept for the conversion of
sunlight heating into electric energy. We further find a tilt-induced non-Drude
contribution to conductivity which can be experimentally disentangled from the
usual Drude pole
Hydrodynamics and the Detection of the QCD Axial Anomaly in Heavy Ion Collisions
We consider the experimental implications of the axial current triangle
diagram anomaly in a hydrodynamic description of high density QCD. We propose a
signal of an enhanced production of spin-excited hadrons in the direction of
the rotation axis in off-central heavy ion collisions.Comment: 15 pages, 19 figures; v2: refs added, minor changes to the plots; v3,
comments adde
The Relation between Self-Citation and Impact Factor in Medical Science Open Access Journals in ISI & DOAJ Databases
Citation is one of the important elements in scientific literature which has a significant role in information production and generation. Self-citation is a part of citation behavior. Relying on their articles, journals can change the number of citations and consequently the level of journal impact factor. This research aims at investigating the relation between self-citation and impact factor in the open access journals indexed in ISI and DOAJ in medical science in 2007-08. In this research, indexes such as the relation between self-citation of journal and impact factor and the effect of self-citation rate of the journal in open access performance are investigated. Research method is an analytical method conducted by using citation analysis technique. SPSS statistical software was used to examine and analyze the data and its inferential analysis methods such as Pierson Factor were used as well. Statistical society includes 168 journals. The results showed a self-citation rate of 28% for the journal. The findings indicate that there is a significant relation between self-citation and impact factor. After omitting self-citation, the level of self-citation in the performance of journals showed that 60% of the titles in the medical science experienced ranking increase, 27% experienced ranking decrease and 13% remained unchanged. Torabian R, Heidari A, Shahrifar M, Khodadi E, Esmaeile Vardanjani SA. The Relation between Self-Citation and Impact Factor in Medical Science Open Access Journals in ISI & DOAJ Databases. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2206-2209] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 32
Water quality index development using fuzzy logic: A case study of the Karoon River of Iran
Determination of the status of water quality of a river or any other water source is highly indeterminate. It is necessary to have a competent model to predict the status of water quality and to show the type of water treatment that would be used to meet different demands. By exploring the behavior and limitations of conventional methods for quality evaluation, a better overall index for water quality in Iran and its application in Karoon River is proposed. Six variables are employed for the quality assessment. Numerical scales relating to the degree of quality are established for each variable to assess variations in quality and to convey findings in a comprehensive manner. The unit operates in a fuzzy logic mode including a fuzzification engine receiving a plurality of input variables on its input and being adapted to compute membership function parameters. A processor engine connected downstream of the fuzzification unit will produce fuzzy set, based on fuzzy variable namely dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, nitrate, fecal coliform and pH. It has a defuzzification unit which operates to translate the inference results into a discrete crisp value of water quality index. The development of the fuzzy model with one river system is explained in this paper. Water quality index in most countries is only referring to physico-chemical parameters due to great efforts needed to quantify the biological parameters. This study ensures a better method to include special parameters into water quality index due to superior capabilities of fuzzy logic in dealing with non-linear, complex and uncertain systems.Key words: Water quality index, fuzzification, monitoring, inference system
Excess Sludge Minimization in Conventional Activated Sludge Pilot Plant by Three Chemical Matters
ABSTRACT: The excess sludge treatment and sludge disposal are major factors to the over-all economy of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). The ideal solution to the problem of sludge disposal is to combine sludge minimization with contamination removal at the source. In this study, the effect of ozonation, chlorination and 3,3,4,5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCS) to treat part of the return activated sludge flow with the intention of reducing the overall plant yield in a conventional activated sludge pilot, were investigated in a side-stream pilot reactor. It was found that in the case of ozonation 8% g O 3 /g MLSS, and in the case of chlorination 2% g Cl 2 /g MLSS produce the best results. In the utilization of TCS method, the excess sludge production was reduced by 80% per day at a TCS dose of 1% g TCS/g MLSS. In all the above experiments a reduction in the volume of the excess sludge was achieved, while the efficiency of removal chemical oxygen demand (COD) from the reactor without the use of those methods was not significantly different
New trends on microbiological water treatment.
Silver nanoparticle-decorated porous polypropylene filter is prepared by physical vapor deposition method using a modified Balzers 760 coating machine. Silver nanoparticles were generated by electron beam bombardment of the silver metal. A 45nm layer of the silver nanoparticles were subsequently deposited on the polypropylene filter homogenously. The nano silver-coated filters were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The antibacterial efficiency of the nano silver-coated filters was evaluated using a custom- made experimental set up and the membrane filter method. A zone of inhibition test was also performed to compare the bactericidal effect of coated versus non-coated filters. At a flow rate of 3L/hr, the output count of Escherichia coli was zero after 6.5 hours filtration when the input water had a bacterial load of 103 colony-forming units (cfu) per milliliter. The inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) results showed that the 45nm layer of the silver nanoparticles are stable on the water filter and are not washed away by water flow even after 6.5h filtration
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