Thrombosis and Risk Factors: A Comment

We read with great interest the recent publication by Akar related to thrombosis and risk factors, in which he reached in conclusion that in case of need only homocysteine (Hcy) levels should be routinely analyzed and not the 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (mTHFr) 677 T polymorphism [1]. The methylation of Hcy to methionine is catalyzed by the mTHFr enzyme. As far as is known, genetic deficiency of mTHFr is one cause leading to increased plasma Hcy levels [2]. But, it should not be forgotten that Hcy rises in many acquired and genetic conditions In conclusion, even if some researchers contradict, provided that folate status is adequate, there is little clinical value of screening for mTHFr 677C→T genotype in the general population for prediction of venous and arterial occlusive disorders and high Hcy levels of course

Radyasyonun normal doku üzerine etkisiyle alakalı deneysel bir çalışma: HIF-1 alfa, VEGF, eIF2, TIA-1 ve TSP-1 ekspresyonlarının analizi

Amaç: Çalışmada, radyasyonun normal vasküler endotelde oluşturduğu stres ve hipoksiye bağlı olarak HIF-1?, VEGF, eIF2, TIA-1 ve TSP-1 ekspresyonu ile bunların aralarında ilişki olup olmadığı ve bu ekspresyonlar neticesinde anjiojenezin uyarılabileceği hipotezi araştırılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu amaç ile 24 adet erkek Swiss albino fare, kontrol grubu (1. Grup) ve sırasıyla 24 saat (2. Grup), 48 saat (3. Grup) ve 7. Günde (4. Grup) ötanazi uygulanmak üzere 4 gruba ayrıldı. Co-60 cihazı ile pelvis bölgesine tek fraksiyonda 10 Gy iyonize radyasyon uygulandı. İmmünhistokimyasal metod ve ışık mikroskobu yöntemi ile HIF-1?, VEGF, eIF2, TIA-1 ve TSP-1 antikorları kullanılarak mesane damar endotelinde anjiojenez yolunda yer alan faktörlerin ekspresyonları değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Çalışmamızda iyonize radyasyon ile mesane damar endotelinde HIF-1? antikoru ile 3. grupta kuvvetli boyanma izlenirken diğer grupların boyanma şiddeti daha az idi. VEGF incelendiğinde, 1. ve 4. grupta zayıf boyanma izlenirken, 2. grupta orta derecede, 3.grupta ise kuvvetli boyanma izlendi. eIF2, 1. ve 4. grupta kuvvetli boyanma göstermiş, 2. ve 3. grupta ise zayıf boyanmıştı. TIA-1 ile yapılan değerlendirmede ise 1. grupta zayıf boyanma özellikleri gözlenirken, 2. ve 4. grup orta derecede, 3. grupta ise oldukça kuvvetli boyanma izlendi. Çalışmamızda TSP-1 ile boyanma 1. grup örneklerde oldukça kuvvetli gözlenirken, diğer gruplarda boyanma özellikleri oldukça zayıf izlendi. Sonuç: Radyasyon uygulaması ile normal dokuda anjiojenez yolundaki pozitif etkili faktörlerin (HIF-1?, VEGF, eIF2, TIA- 1) arttığı görülürken, negatif etkili faktörün (TSP-1) düştüğü belirlendi. Bu sonuç ile radyasyona yanıt olarak normal dokuda fizyolojik anjiojenezin başlatılarak doku iyileşmesinin hızlandırılmaya çalışıldığı düşünülmüştür.Objective: This study investigated whether or not the stress and hypoxia, which are the effects of radiation on normal vascular endothelium, leading to the release of HIF-1α, VEGF, eIF2, TIA-1, and TSP-1 were related and the possibility of them stimulating angiogenesis.
 Materials and Methods: Twenty-four male Swiss Albino mice were separated into 4 groups. The first group was the control group (Group 1), and the second, third, and fourth groups were euthanized after 24 h (Group 2), 48 h (Group 3), and 7 days (Group 4), respectively. A single-fractioned 10 Gy of ionizing radiation was applied to all mice’s pelvic zone with Co-60. Bladders were removed completely from the pelvic region. Immunohistochemistry and light microscopy were used to investigate whether there would be an increase or not in the angiogenesis pathway by using the HIF-1α, VEGF, eIF2, TIA-1, and TSP-1 antibodies. Results: The HIF-1α antibody showed strong staining in Group 3, while the staining intensity was less in other groups. VEGF showed weak staining in Groups 1 and 4, while moderate staining in Group 2 and strong staining in Group 3 was observed. eIF2 showed strong staining in Groups 1 and 4. Groups 2 and 3 were stained weakly. In the present study, staining with TSP-1 was very strong in the samples belonging to Group 1, while other groups showed very weak staining. Conclusion: When normal tissue was exposed to radiation, the positively effective factors (HIF-1, VEGF, eIF2, and TIA- 1) on the angiogenesis pathway were increased while the negative factor (TSP-1) was decreased. Radiation may initiate physiological angiogenesis in the normal tissue and accelerate healing in the damaged normal tissue

Flowcytometric evaluation of cell cycle regulators (cyclins and cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors) expressed on bone marrow cells of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia and multiple myeloma

OBJECTIVE: Etiopathology of malignancy can be demonstrated by the comparison of the quantified changes in the different phases of the cycle about cyclins and cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKI) in healthy and malignant proliferated cells. The aim of this study is to analyze flow cytometric expression of cell cycle regulating elements in the malignant diseases with low and high proliferative signature.\ud METHODS: The levels of cyclin D, E, A, B and CDKI's p16, p21 were studied by flowcytometry in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) (n=16), multiple myeloma (MM) (n=13) and control subjects (n=15). \ud RESULTS: The distributions of the cell cycle S phase were 10, 63%, 6, 72% and 3, 59%; for CML, MM and control subjects, respectively. Among all the cyclins expressed during the S phase, cyclin D expression was the lowest, in CML patients. While the distribution of cyclins and CDKI’s was similar between MM and control groups in G2/M phase; cyclins expressions were parallel in all three phases in MM and chronic myeloid leukemia groups.\ud CONCLUSION: CML and MM are diseases presenting with variable degrees of proliferation. The increase of cyclins in cell cycle phases in patient group was not associated with the augmentation of the expression of CDKI’s. This finding may contribute the mechanisms effective in the etiopathogenesis of hematological malignancy

Behçet Hastalığında Hormon Düzeylerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the basal serum levels of the hypophysial, thyroidal, adrenal, and gonadal hormones and the disease activity in patients with Behcet's disease (BD). Patients and methods: Forty-three patients (22 males, 21 females; mean age 34 years; range 21 to 46 years) were divided into the following four groups according to the disease activity and presence of ocular involvement: Active BD (n=27), inactive BD (n=16), those with ocular involvement (n=14), and those without ocular involvement (n=29). A group of 40 (18 male, 22 female) healthy subjects matched according to age and gender were used as the negative control group. A positive control group (two males and 14 females) consisted of 16 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Triiodothyronin, thyroxin, the thyroid-stimulating hormone, the follicle-stimulating hormone, the luteinizing hormone, the growth hormone (GH), dihydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), estradiol, testosterone, basal cortisol, prolactin (PRL), and the adrenocorticotropic hormone were evaluated in all subjects. Results: No clinically significant differences were found between the BD groups and negative control group in terms of the basal serum levels of the hypophysial, thyroidal, adrenal, and gonadal hormones. When the hormonal values were evaluated with regard to disease activity and ocular involvement, the BD patients with ocular involvement showed significantly higher PRL and GH values in both genders and significantly lower DHEAS levels in female patients. Conclusion: Despite being a vasculitis-related disease, we can conclude that BD has no major influence on the endocrine system. Also, further, large-scale studies are needed to evaluate the correlations between PRL, GH, and DHEAS values and ocular involvement.WoSScopu