Presentación del monográfico: Psicología e Internet

ResumenInternet ha avanzado en nuestras vidas como una fuerza silente. Comenzó como una herramienta muy sofisticada a la que poquísimas personas tenían acceso. Hoy, no hay ninguna faceta de la vida humana que no tenga presencia en la Red o que carezca de algún tipo de relación con ella. Ha modificado desde nuestra forma de entender el mundo hasta las prácticas más cotidianas, como averiguar si va a llover o pedir una cita con nuestro médico de cabecera. Las formas on line sustituyen a periódicos, diccionarios, planos y guías telefónicas y son cada vez más los usuarios que confían en la Web para comprar un billete de avión o hacer transferencias bancarias.Diversas experiencias nos muestran que esta forma de comunicación y transacción se puede usar tanto para trabajar y compartir recursos como para amenazar y acosar

Perceived sexual harassment at work: meta-analysis and structural model of antecedents and consequences

Although sexual harassment has been extensively studied, empirical research has not led to firm conclusions about its antecedents and consequences, both at the personal and organizational level. An extensive literature search yielded 42 empirical studies with 60 samples. The matrix correlation obtained through meta-analytic techniques was used to test a structural equation model. Results supported the hypotheses regarding organizational environmental factors as main predictors of harassment.Pese a que el acoso sexual ha sido extensamente estudiado, la investigación empírica no ha llegado a conclusiones firmes relativas a sus antecedentes y consecuencias personales y organizacionales. Una extensa búsqueda de la literatura arroja 42 estudios empíricos con 60 muestras que son sometidos a técnicas meta-analíticas. La matriz de correlaciones obtenida por técnicas meta-analíticas ha sido usada para probar un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados apoyan las hipótesis que indican que los factores del ambiente organizacional son los predictores principales del acoso

El cumplimiento del contrato psicológico y su relación con la cultura organizacional para nuevos y veteranos: un análisis multigrupo

Se presenta un estudio relativo a los cambios en los contratos psicológicos construidos por los miembros recién llegados en el Ejército español. Dos muestras de soldados profesionales (de reciente incorporación N1= 222 y N2= 143) y veteranos (N= 386) completaron cuestionarios. Primeramente, las respuestas fueron comparadas mostrando que los contratos psicológicos de los recién llegados cambian durante la socialización organizacional y que tales cambios se producen en general las normas de los soldados experimentados. Más aún, los resultados del análisis de ecuaciones estructurales sugieren que la cultura organizacional predice el cumplimiento del contrato psicológico. Las implicaciones de las relaciones entre la cultura organizacional y el contrato psicológico se discuten.A study into changes in the psychological contracts held by newcomers into the Spanish Army is reported. Two samples of professional soldiers (newcomers N1= 222 and N2= 143) and veterans (N= 386) completed questionnaire measures. First, responses were compared showing that newcomers’ psychological contracts change during organizational socialization and these changes were generally toward the insider norms of experienced soldiers. Moreover, results of structural equation modelling suggested that organizational culture predicts psychological contract fulfillment. The implications of the relationships between organizational culture and psychological contract are discussed

Social Comparison and Perceived Breach of Psychological Contract: Their Effects on Burnout in a Multigroup Analysis

This study focuses on the mediator role of social comparison in the relationship between perceived breach of psychological contract and burnout. A previous model showing the hypothesized effects of perceived breach on burnout, both direct and mediated, is proposed. The final model reached an optimal fit to the data and was confirmed through multigroup analysis using a sample of Spanish teachers (N = 401) belonging to preprimary, primary, and secondary schools. Multigroup analyses showed that the model fit all groups adequatelyEste estudio se centra en el papel de la comparación social en la relación entre la ruptura percibida del contrato psicológico y el burnout. Se propone un modelo previo mostrando los efectos hipotetizados, tanto directos como mediados, de la ruptura percibida sobre el burnout. El modelo final alcanzó un ajuste óptimo a los datos y se confirmó a través del análisis multigrupo usando una muestra de profesores españoles (N = 401) pertenecientes a escuelas infantiles, primarias y secundarias. Los análisis multigrupo mostraron que el modelo se ajusta adecuadamente a todos los grupos

Is Job Involvement Enough for Achieving Job Satisfaction? The Role of Skills: Use and Group Identification

The main objective of this research is to evaluate the influence of job involvement over job satisfaction mediated through the professional skill use and moderated by group identification. The sample of the current research was composed of 420 subjects. The main results showed that job involvement was strongly related to skill use and group identification. Moreover, the interaction of job involvement and group identification is negatively related with skill use. Our results show that there is no statistically significant relationship between job involvement and job satisfaction. Furthermore, the use of skills is strongly related to job satisfaction. Lastly, we found that a strong group identification tends to harm job satisfaction values.2020-2

Percepciones sobre la responsabilidad social corporativa de las empresas: relación con las actitudes y conductas de sus clientes

The present study aims to empirically explore the relation­ship between perceptions of Corporate Social Responsi­bility (CSR) of IBEX 35 companies’ customers, their atti­tudes and behaviors. The relationship between the custom­ers’ perception of CSR of the IBEX 35 companies with their products or services’ perceived benefit and perceived value and with customers’ buying intention of their prod­ucts or services is empirically analyzed. The sample in­cludes 1011 clients of the IBEX 35 companies. The results supported that the three dimensions of the CSR perceived by the clients are different from each other, and that they are related positively and significantly with the benefit, the perceived value and the customers’ purchase intention. The study contributions will link the Firm’s CSR activities with the degree of motivation of consumers, relationships that become essential when designing companies’ prod­ucts and / or services.ResumenEl presente estudio explora la relación entre las percepcio­nes de una muestra de clientes sobre la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa (RSC) de las empresas del IBEX 35 y sus actitudes y conductas. Las percepciones de los clientes sobre la RSC de las empresas del IBEX 35 se relacionan con el beneficio percibido, con el valor percibido de los servicios o productos de la empresa y con la intención de compra o adquisición futura del producto o servicio. La muestra ha estado formada por 1011 clientes de las empre­sas cotizantes en el IBEX 35. A partir de los resultados se afirma que las tres dimensiones de la RSC percibida por los clientes son diferentes entre sí, y que se relacionan po­sitiva y significativamente con el beneficio, el valor perci­bido y la intención de compra de los clientes. Las aporta­ciones de este estudio permitirán enlazar las actividades sociales de las empresas y el grado de motivación de los consumidores, relaciones éstas que se convierten en esen­ciales a la hora del diseño de los productos y / o servicios de las empresas.AbstractThe present study aims to empirically explore the relation­ship between perceptions of Corporate Social Responsi­bility (CSR) of IBEX 35 companies’ customers, their atti­tudes and behaviors. The relationship between the custom­ers’ perception of CSR of the IBEX 35 companies with their products or services’ perceived benefit and perceived value and with customers’ buying intention of their prod­ucts or services is empirically analyzed. The sample in­cludes 1011 clients of the IBEX 35 companies. The results supported that the three dimensions of the CSR perceived by the clients are different from each other, and that they are related positively and significantly with the benefit, the perceived value and the customers’ purchase intention. The study contributions will link the Firm’s CSR activities with the degree of motivation of consumers, relationships that become essential when designing companies’ prod­ucts and / or services

¿Ruptura o cumplimiento del contrato psicológico?: una revisión meta-analítica de la investigación empírica

A review of 96 studies on psychological contract yielded 41 primary studies included in a meta-analytic revision, 28 using perceived breach as a predictor and 13 using fulfillment. In this study, meta-analytic procedures were used to examine the relationship between psychological contract perceived breach or fulfillment and outcomes, such as organizational commitment, job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviors. All yielded significant effect sizes, with the smallest for the relationship the perceived breach of the psychological contract or its fulfillment and the outcomes of the variability in primary studies. Results are discussed in order to provide theoretical and empirical implications.ResumenLa revisión de 96 estudios sobre el contrato psicológico arroja 41 estudios primarios que se incluyeron en una revisión meta-analítica usando 28 la ruptura percibida como predictor y 13 el cumplimiento. En este estudio, los procedimientos meta-analíticos se usan para examinar las relaciones entre la ruptura percibida del contrato psicológico o el cumplimiento y los resultados, tales como el compromiso organizacional, la satisfacción laboral o las conductas de ciudadanía organizacional. Todos muestran tamaños del efecto significativos, con la relación menor entre la ruptura percibida y el rendimiento. Se examinan las variables moderadoras pero explican sólo un porcentaje de la variabilidad de los estudios primarios. Los resultados se discuten en orden a proveer implicaciones teóricas y empíricas.AbstractA review of 96 studies on psychological contract yielded 41 primary studies included in a meta-analytic revision, 28 using perceived breach as a predictor and 13 using fulfillment. In this study, meta-analytic procedures were used to examine the relationship between psychological contract perceived breach or fulfillment and outcomes, such as organizational commitment, job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviors. All yielded significant effect sizes, with the smallest for the relationship the perceived breach of the psychological contract or its fulfillment and the outcomes of the variability in primary studies. Results are discussed in order to provide theoretical and empirical implications

Older Workers and Affective Job Satisfaction: Gender Invariance in Spain

Older employees’ affective job satisfaction is an aspect that arouses growing interest among researchers. Among the affective measures of job satisfaction, the Brief Index of Affective Job Satisfaction (BIAJS) is one of the most used in the last decade. This study is intended to the test the gender invariance of the BIAJS in two samples of workers over age 40 in Spain. The first sample, of 300 participants and the second sample, of 399 participants, have been used to test gender invariance of the BIAJS. In comparison with the original English version, the Spanish version of the BIAJS has adequate psychometric properties. The findings allow us to consider it a valid and reliable tool to assess older people’s affective expressions about their work. In addition, this study provides evidence of its factorial invariance as a function of gender

Investigando las fortalezas personales para crear vidas y ambientes positivos: una perspectiva internacional

In today’s world, we face a barrage of difficulties in multiple life spheres. While previous times were not without their challenges, these were often restricted to our own personal, geographically localized worlds. Today, news and social media expose us to never-ending reports of traumatic events and interpersonal violence, making us question human nature and our resiliency. Increasing technological advancements have brought forth new challenges, not only in our relationships with technology, but in how we live our daily lives. Financial uncertainty at both the individual and global level raises doubts about our abilities to afford basic necessities. Climate change is wreaking havoc on the environments we call home. Changing interpersonal dynamics present new challenges to personal, social, and group relationships, often resulting in conflict or isolation. Adolescents and young adults are thrust into this confusing world, often lacking the proper resources to understand and cope with these challenges. Adults facing life’s demands also experience extreme stress, with adverse consequences both at the present as well as later life in the form of physical and mental health issues. Furthermore, we have a tendency to direct attention to our individual weaknesses, exacerbating our experience of difficulties. It is, therefore, no wonder that psychology as a discipline, which seeks to understand the human experience, tends to focus on the deficiencies in our lives. However, as stated by Sheldon and King (2001), it is important for psychologists to deviate from this ‘negative bias’, and instead concentrate on positive human qualities and the promotion of what Maslow (1943, 1987) termed growth needs. This focus is the crux of positive psychology.In today’s world, we face a barrage of difficulties in multiple life spheres. While previous times were not without their challenges, these were often restricted to our own personal, geographically localized worlds. Today, news and social media expose us to never-ending reports of traumatic events and interpersonal violence, making us question human nature and our resiliency. Increasing technological advancements have brought forth new challenges, not only in our relationships with technology, but in how we live our daily lives. Financial uncertainty at both the individual and global level raises doubts about our abilities to afford basic necessities. Climate change is wreaking havoc on the environments we call home. Changing interpersonal dynamics present new challenges to personal, social, and group relationships, often resulting in conflict or isolation. Adolescents and young adults are thrust into this confusing world, often lacking the proper resources to understand and cope with these challenges. Adults facing life’s demands also experience extreme stress, with adverse consequences both at the present as well as later life in the form of physical and mental health issues. Furthermore, we have a tendency to direct attention to our individual weaknesses, exacerbating our experience of difficulties. It is, therefore, no wonder that psychology as a discipline, which seeks to understand the human experience, tends to focus on the deficiencies in our lives. However, as stated by Sheldon and King (2001), it is important for psychologists to deviate from this ‘negative bias’, and instead concentrate on positive human qualities and the promotion of what Maslow (1943, 1987) termed growth needs. This focus is the crux of positive psychology

Pacientes coronarios hablando de riesgos nutricionales: etiquetado NutriScore y máquinas de «vending»

This study analyzes discourses of a sample of coronary patients (N = 12) after attending a planned cardiac rehabilitation program. Through two focus groups as research technique, a qualitative study is carried out. The objective of this study was twofold. First, to know to what extent the participants had information about the new nutritional labeling and the key factors pursued by Spanish Law 17/2011, of July 5th, on food safety. Second, to assess adherence to the educational lectures within the cardiac rehabilitation program, to know their opinion about the contents of the vending machines in hospitals, and to identify their advices/suggestions in order to improve the quality of the care services they receive. The results show the importance of reinforcing educational programs aimed at patients so they can choose a more adaptive behavior in terms of adopting a heart-healthy diet by assuming a more active role in their recoveryEste estudio analiza los discursos de una muestra de pacientes coronarios (N = 12) que asisten a un programa de rehabilitación cardíaca. A través de dos grupos focales cómo técnica de investigación se realiza un estudio de metodología cualitativa. Este trabajo tenía dos objetivos principales: en primer lugar, conocer cuánta información manejaban los participantes acerca del nuevo etiquetado nutricional y las claves que perseguía la ley 17/ 2011, de 5 de julio, de seguridad alimentaria. En segundo lugar, valorar la adherencia a las charlas educativas del programa de rehabilitación cardiaca, conocer su opinión acerca del contenido de las máquinas de "vending" de los hospitales y plasmar sus consejos y/o sugerencias a la hora de poder mejorar la calidad de la atención recibida. Los resultados muestran la importancia de seguir reforzando la educación para que los pacientes puedan optar por una conducta más adaptativa en cuanto a la adopción de una dieta cardiosaludable y asuman un papel más activo en su recuperación