380 research outputs found
Colloidal Dynamics on Disordered Substrates
Using Langevin simulations we examine driven colloids interacting with
quenched disorder. For weak substrates the colloids form an ordered state and
depin elastically. For increasing substrate strength we find a sharp crossover
to inhomogeneous depinning and a substantial increase in the depinning force,
analogous to the peak effect in superconductors. The velocity versus driving
force curve shows criticality at depinning, with a change in scaling exponent
occuring at the order to disorder crossover. Upon application of a sudden pulse
of driving force, pronounced transients appear in the disordered regime which
are due to the formation of long-lived colloidal flow channels.Comment: 4 pages, 4 postscript figure
Unusual superexchange pathways in a Ni triangular lattice of NiGaS with negative charge-transfer energy
We have studied the electronic structure of the Ni triangular lattice in
NiGaS using photoemission spectroscopy and subsequent model
calculations. The cluster-model analysis of the Ni 2 core-level spectrum
shows that the S 3 to Ni 3 charge-transfer energy is -1 eV and the
ground state is dominated by the configuration ( is a S 3 hole).
Cell perturbation analysis for the NiS triangular lattice indicates that
the strong S 3 hole character of the ground state provides the enhanced
superexchange interaction between the third nearest neighbor sites.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, accepted to PR
Domain walls in (Ga,Mn)As diluted magnetic semiconductor
We report experimental and theoretical studies of magnetic domain walls in an
in-plane magnetized (Ga,Mn)As dilute moment ferromagnetic semiconductor. Our
high-resolution electron holography technique provides direct images of domain
wall magnetization profiles. The experiments are interpreted based on
microscopic calculations of the micromagnetic parameters and
Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert simulations. We find that the competition of uniaxial
and biaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropies in the film is directly reflected
in orientation dependent wall widths, ranging from approximately 40 nm to 120
nm. The domain walls are of the N\'eel type and evolve from near-
walls at low-temperatures to large angle [10]-oriented walls and small
angle [110]-oriented walls at higher temperatures.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Darwin-Lagrangian Analysis for the Interaction of a Point Charge and a Magnet: Considerations Related to the Controversy Regarding the Aharonov-Bohm and Aharonov-Casher Phase Shifts
The classical electromagnetic interaction of a point charge and a magnet is
discussed by first calculating the interaction of point charge with a simple
model magnetic moment and then suggesting a multiparticle limit. The Darwin
Lagrangian is used to analyze the electromagnetic behavior of the model
magnetic moment (composed of two oppositely charged particles of different mass
in an initially circular orbit) interacting with a passing point charge. The
changing mangetic moment is found to put a force back on a passing charge; this
force is of order 1/c^2 and depends upon the magnitude of the magnetic moment.
It is suggested that in the limit of a multiparticle magnetic toroid, the
electric fields of the passing charge are screened out of the body of the
magnet while the magnetic fields penetrate into the magnet. This is consistent
with our understanding of the penetration of electromagnetic velocity fields
into ohmic conductors. Conservation laws are discussed. The work corresponds to
a classical electromagnetic analysis of the interaction which is basic to
understanding the controversy over the Aharonov-Bohm and Aharonov-Casher phase
shifts and represents a refutation of the suggestions of Aharonov, Pearle, and
Vaidman.Comment: 33 page
Re-parameterization Invariance in Fractional Flux Periodicity
We analyze a common feature of a nontrivial fractional flux periodicity in
two-dimensional systems. We demonstrate that an addition of fractional flux can
be absorbed into re-parameterization of quantum numbers. For an exact
fractional periodicity, all the electronic states undergo the
re-parameterization, whereas for an approximate periodicity valid in a large
system, only the states near the Fermi level are involved in the
re-parameterization.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, minor changes, final version to appear in J. Phys.
Soc. Jp
Corpuscular Event-by-Event Simulation of Quantum Optics Experiments: Application to a Quantum-Controlled Delayed-Choice Experiment
A corpuscular simulation model of optical phenomena that does not require the
knowledge of the solution of a wave equation of the whole system and reproduces
the results of Maxwell's theory by generating detection events one-by-one is
discussed. The event-based corpuscular model gives a unified description of
multiple-beam fringes of a plane parallel plate and single-photon Mach-Zehnder
interferometer, Wheeler's delayed choice, photon tunneling, quantum eraser,
two-beam interference, Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm and Hanbury Brown-Twiss
experiments. The approach is illustrated by application to a recent proposal
for a quantum-controlled delayed choice experiment, demonstrating that also
this thought experiment can be understood in terms of particle processes only.Comment: Invited paper presented at FQMT11. Accepted for publication in
Physica Scripta 27 June 201
Diffraction and quasiclassical limit of the Aharonov--Bohm effect
Since the Aharonov-Bohm effect is the purely quantum effect that has no
analogues in classical physics, its persistence in the quasiclassical limit
seems to be hardly possible. Nevertheless, we show that the scattering
Aharonov-Bohm effect does persist in the quasiclassical limit owing to the
diffraction, i.e. the Fraunhofer diffraction in the case when space outside the
enclosed magnetic flux is Euclidean, and the Fresnel diffraction in the case
when the outer space is conical. Hence, the enclosed magnetic flux can serve as
a gate for the propagation of short-wavelength, almost classical, particles. In
the case of conical space, this quasiclassical effect which is in principle
detectable depends on the particle spin.Comment: 12 pages, minor changes, references update
Corpuscular model of two-beam interference and double-slit experiments with single photons
We introduce an event-based corpuscular simulation model that reproduces the
wave mechanical results of single-photon double slit and two-beam interference
experiments and (of a one-to-one copy of an experimental realization) of a
single-photon interference experiment with a Fresnel biprism. The simulation
comprises models that capture the essential features of the apparatuses used in
the experiment, including the single-photon detectors recording individual
detector clicks. We demonstrate that incorporating in the detector model,
simple and minimalistic processes mimicking the memory and threshold behavior
of single-photon detectors is sufficient to produce multipath interference
patterns. These multipath interference patterns are built up by individual
particles taking one single path to the detector where they arrive one-by-one.
The particles in our model are not corpuscular in the standard, classical
physics sense in that they are information carriers that exchange information
with the apparatuses of the experimental set-up. The interference pattern is
the final, collective outcome of the information exchanges of many particles
with these apparatuses. The interference patterns are produced without making
reference to the solution of a wave equation and without introducing signalling
or non-local interactions between the particles or between different detection
points on the detector screen.Comment: Accepted for publication in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn
Paradoxes of the Aharonov-Bohm and the Aharonov-Casher effects
For a believer in locality of Nature, the Aharonov-Bohm effect and the
Aharonov-Casher effect are paradoxes. I discuss these and other Aharonov's
paradoxes and propose a local explanation of these effects. If the solenoid in
the Aharonov-Bohm effect is treated quantum mechanically, the effect can be
explained via local interaction between the field of the electron and the
solenoid. I argue that the core of the Aharonov-Bohm and the Aharonov-Casher
effects is that of quantum entanglement: the quantum wave function describes
all systems together.Comment: To be published in Yakir Aharonov 80th birthday Festschrif
New method to simulate quantum interference using deterministic processes and application to event-based simulation of quantum computation
We demonstrate that networks of locally connected processing units with a
primitive learning capability exhibit behavior that is usually only attributed
to quantum systems. We describe networks that simulate single-photon
beam-splitter and Mach-Zehnder interferometer experiments on a causal,
event-by-event basis and demonstrate that the simulation results are in
excellent agreement with quantum theory. We also show that this approach can be
generalized to simulate universal quantum computers.Comment: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. (in press) http://www.compphys.net/dl
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