Russia: from the state of corporation to the state of creation

The leading strategic line to develop the state of creation is to develop the system of active citizens impact on the state through the institutions of civil society. The new legal perspective cannot be based on a simple set of legal norms and rationality of the state of creation without the practice of legal communication guaranteed by the state activities. The prerequisite is public confidence in the public authorities. Without this confidence it is not possible to guarantee full public participation in efforts to overcome the negative trend

The wall flora of the Nebet Tepe Architectural Reserve in the city of Plovdiv (Bulgaria)

The flora of the Nebet Tepe Architectural Reserve in the city of Plovdiv (Thracian Plain) was studied in the period 1998–2003. The number of plants growing spontaneously on and around the fragments of the fortification wall and on the pavements is 131. The flora is analyzed with respect to the local distribution of the taxa, their chorology, life form and geoelement characteristics. The flora contains a relatively high proportion of ruderals and weeds. The hemicryptophytes and therophytes constitute the largest group. The following families are distinguished by the greatest number of species: Asteraceae (14), Fabaceae (13), Poaceae (12), Brassicaceae (8), Scrophulariaceae (7), Caryophyllaceae (7). The species Cerastium tauricum Spreng. and Melica transsilvanica Schur are recorded for the first time for the flora of the Thracian Plain floristic region. The results are compared with other European and Mediterranean wall floras

Pollen morphology of Bulgarian species from the section Orobus (L.) Gren. et Godr. (genus Lathyrus, Fabaceae)

The pollen morphology of eight species from the section Orobus (L.) Gren. et Godr. (Lathyrus, Fabaceae) distributed in Bulgaria (Lathyrus alpestris, L. aureus, L. linifolius, L. niger, L. palustris, L. transsilvanicus, L. venetus and L. vernus.) was studied with light and scanning electrone microscope. The pollen grains are 3-zonocolporate of subprolate (semi-erectus) type (P/E=1.20–1.31), medium to large in size, elliptical or rectangular-obtuse- convex (equatorial view) and circular to slightly triangular-obtuse-convex (polar view). The ornamentation is predominantly perforate-foveolate but there are pollen grains with perforate-reticulate sculpture (L. alpestris, L. palustris) or almost reticulate (L. aureus)

The effect of electronic entropy on temperature peculiarities of the frequency characteristics of two interacting anharmonic vibrational modes in β−\beta-Zr

A 2D temperature-dependent effective potential is calculated for the interacting longitudinal and transverse $L-$phonons of $\beta$ zirconium in the frozen-phonon model. The effective potentials obtained for different temperatures are used for the numerical solution of a set of stochastic differential equations with a thermostat of the white-noise type. Analysis of the spectral density of transverse vibrations allows one to determine the temperature at which $\beta$-Zr becomes unstable with respect to the longitudinal $L-$vibrations. The obtained temperature value practically coincides with the experimental temperature of the $\beta \to \alpha$ structural transition in zirconium. The role of electronic entropy in the $\beta-$Zr stability is discussed.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figures (submitted in Phys.Rev.

The constitutional experience of consolidation the human rights function of the state in the post-soviet space

Norms, legalizing the human rights function of the state are identified in this article, based on the texts analysis of the constitutions of the states-members of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS

Connection between dynamics and thermodynamics of liquids on the melting line

The dynamics of a large number of liquids and polymers exhibit scaling properties characteristic of a simple repulsive inverse power law (IPL) potential, most notably the superpositioning of relaxation data as a function of the variable TV{\gamma}, where T is temperature, V the specific volume, and {\gamma} a material constant. A related scaling law, TmVm{\Gamma}, with the same exponent {\Gamma}={\gamma}, links the melting temperature Tm and volume Vm of the model IPL liquid; liquid dynamics is then invariant at the melting point. Motivated by a similar invariance of dynamics experimentally observed at transitions of liquid crystals, we determine dynamic and melting point scaling exponents {\gamma} and {\Gamma} for a large number of non-associating liquids. Rigid, spherical molecules containing no polar bonds have {\Gamma}={\gamma}; consequently, the reduced relaxation time, viscosity and diffusion coefficient are each constant along the melting line. For other liquids {\gamma}>{\Gamma} always; i.e., the dynamics is more sensitive to volume than is the melting point, and for these liquids the dynamics at the melting point slows down with increasing Tm (that is, increasing pressure).Comment: 20 pages, 8 figures, 1 tabl

Raman spectroscopy on carbon nanotubes at high pressure

Raman spectroscopy has been the most extensively employed method to study carbon nanotubes at high pressures. This review covers reversible pressure-induced changes of the lattice dynamics and structure of single- and multi-wall carbon nanotubes as well as irreversible transformations induced by high pressures. The interplay of covalent and van-der-Waals bonding in single-wall nanotube bundles and a structural distortion near 2 GPa are discussed in detail. Attempts of transforming carbon nanotubes into diamond and other "superhard" phases are reviewed critically.Comment: 33 pages, 20 figures, review article, to appear in J. Raman Spectroscop

Spassimir Tonkov (2021): The Postglacial Vegetation History in Southwestern Bulgaria. A Paleoecological Approach

Book Revie

Simple Metals at High Pressure

In this lecture we review high-pressure phase transition sequences exhibited by simple elements, looking at the examples of the main group I, II, IV, V, and VI elements. General trends are established by analyzing the changes in coordination number on compression. Experimentally found phase transitions and crystal structures are discussed with a brief description of the present theoretical picture.Comment: 22 pages, 4 figures, lecture notes for the lecture given at the Erice course on High-Pressure Crystallography in June 2009, Sicily, Ital