Comparison of Preterm Delivery Rates between HIV-infected Pregnant Women Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) Containing Protease Inhibitors (PIs) and HIV-infected Pregnant Women Receiving Zidovudine Monotherapy

Objective:To compare the preterm delivery rates between pregnant women receiving HAART containing protease inhibitors (HAART-PIs) and zidovudine monotherapy (ZDVm) during pregnancy.Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in antiretroviral-naïve HIV-infected pregnant women who received antiretroviral drugs during pregnancy at least 4 weeks and delivered in Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Chiang Mai, Thailand between January 2002 and December 2013. Preterm delivery rates were compared between HAART-PIs and ZDVm groups.Results: Of the 166 pregnant women who received antiretroviral drugs, 24 (14.5%) pregnant women delivered before 37 completed weeks. The incidence of preterm delivery was higher in the HAART-PIs group (82 cases) than in the ZDVm group (84 cases), but the difference was not significant (18.3% vs. 10.7%, p = 0.17). Conclusion: The almost twofold incidence of preterm delivery rate was observed in those pregnancy women who received HAART-PIs; however, it was not significantly different from the rate among those who received ZDVm

Individual and composite adverse pregnancy outcomes in a randomized trial on isoniazid preventative therapy among women living with human immunodeficiency virus

CITATION: Theron, G. et al. 2021. Individual and Composite Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in a Randomized Trial on Isoniazid Preventative Therapy Among Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Clinical infectious diseases, 72(11):e784–e790. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa1482The original publication is available at https://academic.oup.com/cid/Background: International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials (IMPAACT) P1078, a randomized noninferiority study designed to compare the safety of starting isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) in women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) either during pregnancy or after delivery, showed that IPT during pregnancy increased the risk of composite adverse pregnancy outcomes, but not individual outcomes. Many known factors are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes: these factors' associations and effect modifications with IPT and pregnancy outcomes were examined. Methods: Pregnant women living with HIV from 8 countries with tuberculosis incidences >60/100 000 were randomly assigned to initiate 28 weeks of IPT either during pregnancy or at 12 weeks after delivery. Using univariable and multivariable logistic regression and adjusting for factors associated with pregnancy outcomes, composite and individual adverse pregnancy outcome measures were analyzed. Results: This secondary analysis included 925 mother-infant pairs. All mothers were receiving antiretrovirals. The adjusted odds of fetal demise, preterm delivery (PTD), low birth weight (LBW), or a congenital anomaly (composite outcome 1) were 1.63 times higher among women on immediate compared to deferred IPT (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-2.31). The odds of fetal demise, PTD, LBW, or neonatal death within 28 days (composite outcome 2) were 1.62 times higher among women on immediate IPT (95% CI, 1.14-2.30). The odds of early neonatal death within 7 days, fetal demise, PTD, or LBW (composite outcome 3) were 1.74 times higher among women on immediate IPT (95% CI, 1.22-2.49). Conclusions: We confirmed higher risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with the initiation of IPT during pregnancy, after adjusting for known risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes.https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/72/11/e784/5913421?login=truePublishers versio

ORGANIC FOOD CONSUMERS’ LIFESTYLE IN SWEDEN

Organic food market is very challenging in Europe and growing rapidly as consumers areconcerned about health and environment particularly Sweden is one of the greenest countries.Many of previous researches have been done on attitudes toward organic food consumptionbased on demographics data. This paper presents the relationship between lifestyle which is apart of psychographics and organic food consumption in Sweden. Quantitative data iscollected by survey method consisting of structured question and analyzed the relationship oflifestyle and organic food consumption by regression analysis.The result shows that there is the significant relationship between organic food consumptionand lifestyle. There are also relationships between organic food consumption age, gender,education, income, and perceived risks but we cannot find its relationship with motivationfactor that are health concern, environmental concern and values

ORGANIC FOOD CONSUMERS’ LIFESTYLE IN SWEDEN

Organic food market is very challenging in Europe and growing rapidly as consumers areconcerned about health and environment particularly Sweden is one of the greenest countries.Many of previous researches have been done on attitudes toward organic food consumptionbased on demographics data. This paper presents the relationship between lifestyle which is apart of psychographics and organic food consumption in Sweden. Quantitative data iscollected by survey method consisting of structured question and analyzed the relationship oflifestyle and organic food consumption by regression analysis.The result shows that there is the significant relationship between organic food consumptionand lifestyle. There are also relationships between organic food consumption age, gender,education, income, and perceived risks but we cannot find its relationship with motivationfactor that are health concern, environmental concern and values

A Suitable Model for Spatiotemporal Particulate Matter Concentration Prediction in Rural and Urban Landscapes, Thailand

Spatiotemporal particulate matter (PM) concentration prediction using MODIS AOD with significant PM factors in rural and urban landscapes in Thailand is necessary for public health and has been complicated by the limitations of PM monitoring stations. The research objectives were (1) to identify significant factors affecting PM10 concentrations in rural landscapes and PM2.5 in urban landscapes; (2) to predict spatiotemporal PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations using geographically weighted regression (GWR) and mixed-effect model (MEM), and (3) to evaluate a suitable spatiotemporal model for PM10 and PM2.5 concentration prediction and validation. The research methodology consisted of four stages: data collection and preparation, the identification of significant spatiotemporal factors affecting PM concentrations, the prediction of spatiotemporal PM concentrations, and a suitable spatiotemporal model for PM concentration prediction and validation. As a result, the predicted PM10 concentrations using the GWR model varied from 50.53 to 85.79 µg/m3 and from 36.92 to 51.32 µg/m3 in winter and summer, while the predicted PM10 concentrations using the MEM model varied from 50.68 to 84.59 µg/m3 and from 37.08 to 50.81 µg/m3 in both seasons. Likewise, the PM2.5 concentration prediction using the GWR model varied from 25.33 to 44.37 µg/m3 and from 16.69 to 24.04 µg/m3 in winter and summer, and the PM2.5 concentration prediction using the MEM model varied from 25.45 to 44.36 µg/m3 and from 16.68 and 23.75 µg/m3 during the two seasons. Meanwhile, according to Thailand and U.S. EPA standards, the monthly air quality index (AQI) classifications of the GWR and MEM were similar. Nevertheless, the derived average corrected Akaike Information Criterion (AICc) values of the GWR model for PM10 and PM2.5 predictions during both seasons were lower than that of the MEM model. Therefore, the GWR model was chosen as a suitable model for spatiotemporal PM10 and PM2.5 concentration predictions. Furthermore, the result of spatial correlation analysis for GWR model validation based on a new dataset provided average correlation coefficient values for PM10 and PM2.5 concentration predictions with a higher than the expected value of 0.5. Subsequently, the GWR model with significant monthly and seasonal factors could predict spatiotemporal PM 10 and PM2.5 concentrations in rural and urban landscapes in Thailand