Case study of ILVA, Italy : The impact of failing to consider sustainability as a driver of business model evolution

Part of: Seliger, Günther (Ed.): Innovative solutions : proceedings / 11th Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing, Berlin, Germany, 23rd - 25th September, 2013. - Berlin: Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin, 2013. - ISBN 978-3-7983-2609-5 (online). - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:83-opus4-40276. - pp. 25–30.The case of ILVA steel works in Taranto, Italy demonstrates the potential impacts associated with failing toadequately consider environmental and social sustainability issues within the business model of the firm. This paper provides a review of the situation at ILVA today; the decisions and actions that contributed to the current situation since privatisation of the firm in 1995; and the choices now facing government, the local community, and the firm’s owners going forward including a review of Best Available Techniques (BATs). The review is supported with relevant sustainability literature and explores how a more comprehensive assessment of sustainability considerations might be better integrated into business model evolution. The paper demonstrates that an inappropriate technology investment strategy that fails to consider broader concepts of value for the society and environment does not pay in the long-term, and that expectations of government support to mitigate negative impacts of business are becoming increasingly untenable

Diode-pumped passively mode-locked Yb:YLF laser.

We demonstrate passive mode-locking by means of a semiconductor saturable-absorber mirror in a diode-pumped Yb:YLF laser. We present crystal growth process, spectroscopic measurements, and investigation of mode-locking performance. Pulse trains with minimum duration of 196 fs, average power of 54 mW and a repetition rate of 55 MHz were obtained. The optical spectrum, centered at 1028 nm, has a 7.1-nm bandwidth leading to nearly transform-limited pulses. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America

XENOGENEIC DERMAL MATRIX VERSUS AUTOLOGOUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE GRAFT VERSUS NO GRAFT AT ABUTMENT CONNECTION FOR IMPROVING AESTHETICS: 6-MONTH OUTCOMES OF A RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL

OBJECTIVES. The aim of this multicentre randomised controlled trial was to evaluate the efficacy of a xenogeneic dermal matrix in widening keratinised peri-implant tissues du-ring second-stage surgery, and to compare it to both autologous connective tissue graft and a control group with no augmentation. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Patients requiring an increase in keratinised gingiva width were enrolled by four university/dental practices and randomised into three different groups for grafting procedures at the implant uncovering stage: either xenogeneic dermal matrix (Group X), autologous connective tissue graft (Group A) or no graft (control, Group C). The primary outcomes were width of keratinised tissue and facial soft tissue levels, evaluated at three different time points (T0, implant uncovering stage; T1 and T2, six weeks and six months after surgery, respectively). Secondary outcomes were: implant failure, complications, marginal bone loss, papilla index, facial soft tissue level, pink esthetic score, and aesthetic assessment by patients. RESULTS. Thirty-six patients, with one implant per patient, were enrolled at two centres (18 at each centre): 12 for control, 12 for xenogeneic dermal matrix and 12 for autologous tissue graft. Three patients dropped out and two patients from the autologous group had implant failures. No complications were recorded. After six months, the width of keratini-sed tissue increased by 0.16 ± 1.01 (P = 0.79), 1.05 ± 0.76 (P = 0.01) and 0.80 ± 1.73 mm (P = 0.28), and facial soft tissue level was-0.95 ± 0.85 (P = 0.04), 0.32 ± 0.57 (P = 0.15) and 0.35 ± 0.79 mm (P = 0.30) respectively in Groups C, X and A groups. Between-group analysis showed that, with respect to control, only facial soft tissue level (1.31 mm, P = 0.01) and width of keratinised mucosa (2.43 mm, P = 0.01) outcomes in the autologous graft group were statistically significant at T2. Mean marginal bone loss between T0-T2 was-0.4 ± 0.4mm, with no differences between groups. Pink aesthetic score showed no significant differences between groups, being 0.89 for A-C (P = 0.41), 0.88 for A–X (P = 0.63) and 0.72 for X-C (P = 0.88). Patient’s aesthetic satisfaction (Visual Analogue Scale) was 92.2 ± 8.4, 93.8 ± 7.7, 97.2 ± 3.0, for Groups C, X and A, respectively. Between the two dental centres, only facial soft tissue level at T0–T2 was significantly different, by 0.67 ± 0.62 mm (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS. After six months, autologous connective tissue graft yielded a significant gain in facial soft tissue levels and width of keratinised mucosa, as compared to the control group (no graft)

Pharmacogenetics of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw.

An undesirable effect associated with bisphosphonates is osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). Case reports discussed ONJ development in patients with multiple myeloma or metastatic cancers receiving bisphosphonates as palliation for malignant bone disease. No causative relationship has been unequivocally demonstrated between ONJ and bisphosphonate therapy. To determine if a higher sensitivity to bisphosphonates could in part explain the development of ONJ, the segregation of A/C rs2297480 polymorphism of gene encoding for the farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FDPS) with ONJ was evaluated in a cohort of 68 Caucasian patients treated with zoledronic acid for multiple myeloma and metastatic mammary and prostate cancer. The AA and CC genotypes were highly differently distributed among ONJ patients and controls, matched for sex and type of malignant disease, with a positive correlation between AA carrier status and occurrence of ONJ (p=0.03) after 18-24 months of treatment. Because FDPS gene variants have been associated with bone morbidity, these pharmacogenetic association likely reflect the interaction of amino-bisphosphonates with germline sensitivity to drug actions, and might identify patients at highest risk to develop ONJ

Histomorphometric and Clinical Analysis of Ridge Preservation Procedures in Extraction Sockets with Buccal Bone Defects (>5mm) Using an In Situ Hardening Biphasic Calcium Phosphate (HA/β-TCP) Graft and a Bioresorbable Matrix: A Human Study at 6 Months

Many biomaterials have been proposed for ridge preservation techniques to counteract fresh extraction socket resorption. The primary aim of this prospective single cohort study was to evaluate the histomorphometric outcomes of a synthetic biphasic calcium phosphate (60% HA/40% β-TCP) and a synthetic poly-lactic acid membrane, used to graft fresh extraction socket sites with a full or partial (>5mm) resorption of the buccal bone plate. Patients recruited were treated at one esthetic site with a ridge preservation procedure to receive an implant-supported prosthesis. After 6 months of healing, a bone biopsy was harvested. Outcome evaluations were: biological complications, histomorphometrical analysis, and alveolar horizontal and vertical bone loss (∆AHB, ∆AVB). Thirteen subjects were included in this study. Two cases of biological complication were recorded. All 13 patients received implant insertion. From histomorphometric analysis, a mean of 48.9 ± 11.9%, 29.0 ± 9.3%, and 22.0 ± 9.7% was recorded for soft tissues, new bone, and residual graft particles, respectively. From clinical analysis, a mean of 0.5 ± 1.0 mm (p-value < 0.05) and 0.9 ± 1.3 mm (p-value < 0.05) was recorded for alveolar horizontal and vertical bone loss, respectively. In conclusion, this prospective cohort study showed encouraging results in preserving alveolar ridge dimension. A moderate percentage of new bone and an acceptable alveolar ridge loss were achieved at a 6 month follow-up

Environmental complaint insights through text mining based on the driver, pressure, state, impact, and response (DPSIR) framework. Evidence from an Italian environmental agency

Individuals, local communities, environmental associations, private organizations, and public representatives and bodies may all be aggrieved by environmental problems concerning poor air quality, illegal waste disposal, water contamination, and general pollution. Environmental complaints represent the expressions of dissatisfaction with these issues. As the time-consuming of managing a large number of complaints, text mining may be useful for automatically extracting information on stakeholder priorities and concerns. The paper used text mining and semantic network analysis to crawl relevant keywords about environmental complaints from two online complaint submission systems: online claim submission system of Regional Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy (Arpae) (“Contact Arpae”); and Arpae's internal platform for environmental pollution (“Environmental incident reporting portal”) in the Emilia-Romagna Region, Italy. We evaluated the total of 2477 records and classified this information based on the claim topic (air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, waste, odor, soil, weather-climate, sea-coast, and electromagnetic radiation) and geographical distribution. Then, this paper used natural language processing to extract keywords from the dataset, and classified keywords ranking higher in Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) based on the driver, pressure, state, impact, and response (DPSIR) framework. This study provided a systemic approach to understanding the interaction between people and environment in different geographical contexts and builds sustainable and healthy communities. The results showed that most complaints are from the public and associated with air pollution and odor. Factories (particularly foundries and ceramic industries) and farms are identified as the drivers of environmental issues. Citizen believed that environmental issues mainly affect human well-being. Moreover, the keywords of “odor”, “report”, “request”, “presence”, “municipality”, and “hours” were the most influential and meaningful concepts, as demonstrated by their high degree and betweenness centrality values. Keywords connecting odor (classified as impacts) and air pollution (classified as state) were the most important (such as “odor-burnt plastic” and “odor-acrid”). Complainants perceived odor annoyance as a primary environmental concern, possibly related to two main drivers: “odor-factory” and “odors-farms”. The proposed approach has several theoretical and practical implications: text mining may quickly and efficiently address citizen needs, providing the basis toward automating (even partially) the complaint process; and the DPSIR framework might support the planning and organization of information and the identification of stakeholder concerns and priorities, as well as metrics and indicators for their assessment. Therefore, integration of the DPSIR framework with the text mining of environmental complaints might generate a comprehensive environmental knowledge base as a prerequisite for a wider exploitation of analysis to support decision-making processes and environmental management activities

Semantifying the UK Hansard (1918-2018)

The transcripts of UK parliamentary debates, offered by the Hansard Online collection are a major resource for historians and political scientists. To foster their use, we provide a) semantic annotations of over one hundred years of debated motions in the form of disambiguated and entity-linked speakers, b) topic annotations, and c) topical-clusters of the most frequently addressed issues

Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Lessons learned from acute respiratory distress syndrome?

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fibrotic lung disease characterized by progressive loss of lung function and poor prognosis. The so-called acute exacerbation of IPF (AE-IPF) may lead to severe hypoxemia requiring mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU). AE-IPF shares several pathophysiological features with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a very severe condition commonly treated in this setting. A review of the literature has been conducted to underline similarities and differences in the management of patients with AE-IPF and ARDS. During AE-IPF, diffuse alveolar damage and massive loss of aeration occurs, similar to what is observed in patients with ARDS. Differently from ARDS, no studies have yet concluded on the optimal ventilatory strategy and management in AE-IPF patients admitted to the ICU. Notwithstanding, a protective ventilation strategy with low tidal volume and low driving pressure could be recommended similarly to ARDS. The beneficial effect of high levels of positive end-expiratory pressure and prone positioning has still to be elucidated in AE-IPF patients, as well as the precise role of other types of respiratory assistance (e.g., extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) or innovative therapies (e.g., polymyxin-B direct hemoperfusion). The use of systemic drugs such as steroids or immunosuppressive agents in AE-IPF is controversial and potentially associated with an increased risk of serious adverse reactions. Common pathophysiological abnormalities and similar clinical needs suggest translating to AE-IPF the lessons learned from the management of ARDS patients. Studies focused on specific therapeutic strategies during AE-IPF are warranted

Losing the warning signal: Drought compromises the cross-talk of signaling molecules in quercus ilex exposed to ozone

Understanding the interactions between drought and acute ozone (O3) stress in terms of signaling molecules and cell death would improve the predictions of plant responses to climate change. The aim was to investigate whether drought stress influences the responses of plants to acute episodes of O3 exposure. In this study, the behavior of 84 Mediterranean evergreen Quercus ilex plants was evaluated in terms of crosstalk responses among signaling molecules. Half of the sample was subjected to drought (20% of the effective daily evapotranspiration, for 15 days) and was later exposed to an acute O3 exposure (200 nL L-1 for 5 h). First, our results indicate that in well-water conditions, O3 induced a signaling pathway specific to O3-sensitive behavior. Second, different trends and consequently different roles of phytohormones and signaling molecules (ethylene, ET; abscisic acid, ABA; salycilic acid, SA and jasmonic acid, JA) were observed in relation to water stress and O3. A spatial and functional correlation between these signaling molecules was observed in modulating O3-induced responses in well-watered plants. In contrast, in drought-stressed plants, these compounds were not involved either in O3-induced signaling mechanisms or in leaf senescence (a response observed in water-stressed plants before the O3-exposure). Third, these differences were ascribable to the fact that in drought conditions, most defense processes induced by O3 were compromised and/or altered. Our results highlight how Q. ilex plants suffering from water deprivation respond differently to an acute O3 episode compared to well-watered plants, and suggest new effect to be considered in plant responses to environmental changes. This poses the serious question as to whether or not multiple high-magnitude O3 events (as predicted) can change these cross-talk responses, thus opening it up possible further investigations