Supply Chain Management and the Changing Structure of U.S. Organic Produce

Replaced with revised version of paper 08/31/06.supply chain, produce, organic, vertical coordination, Agribusiness,

Impact of El Niño on Staple Food Prices in East and Southern Africa

Demand and Price Analysis,

IS THE THINLY-TRADED BUTTER FUTURES CONTRACT PRICED EFFICIENTLY?

After over eight years of trading, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange butter futures contract remains thinly traded, possibly impeding price discovery. Pricing efficiency was assessed using cointegration techniques and error correction models. Results suggest that market efficiency could not be rejected up to a two-month forecast horizon. Illiquid markets reduce hedging performance, which in turn discourage liquidity growth.Marketing,

INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL GEOGRAPHY

This dissertation explores the impact of international trade on the geographic location of manufacturing activities and on regional productivity growth patterns within countries. This study develops models of trade with monopolistic competition in the context of a two-region country. It also provides empirical estimates of the e ect of tari policy on the distribution of industrial activities and on productivity growth di erentials across Colombia\u27s regions. The rst essay investigates the consequences of trade liberalization for the distribution of manufacturing activities between large and small cities. It presents an extension of the Melitz (2003) model of trade with monopolistic competition and heterogeneous rms where producers\u27 location and export market participation decisions depend on their productivity. As a country\u27s exposure to trade shifts, rms and output are reallocated between large and small urban areas. Data from Colombia\u27s manufacturing sector lend support to theoretical predictions concerning tari reduction\u27s impact on the repartition of industrial activities between metro- and nonmetropolitan areas in this country. The second essay extends the New Economic Geography, Footloose-Capital model to examine the e ect of commercial policy on the distribution of industrial activities between regions within a country. This study aims at distinguishing theoretical cases with regard to the nature of the trade policy change or to the source of asymmetry between regions. It shows that trade liberalization can have adverse consequences for the manufacturing sector of a small or isolated region under bilateral liberalization, but a positive impact under unilateral trade liberalization. The third essay adapts the Melitz and Ottaviano (2008) model of trade with monopolistic competition, heterogeneous rms, and variable mark-ups to analyze the relationship between trade openness, regional market size, and regional aggregate industry performance. It demonstrates that the impact of trade liberalization on aggregate industry productivity growth varies across regions as a function of regional market size and proximity to foreign markets. A larger region experiences a greater increase in aggregate productivity through intra-industry reallocation of market shares. Similarly, a region with better access to international markets enjoys a higher productivity growth from tari reduction. Empirical evidence is obtained from the Colombian manufacturing sector

The Impact of Trade and Investment Liberalization on Rural Manufacturing

Rural areas in the United States, like in other OECD countries, rely heavily on manufacturing as a source of income. Taking stock of previous studies on the impact of trade and FDI liberalization on manufacturing industries, this study presents a model with heterogeneous firms in the context of a country consisting of an urban and a rural regions. We examine how a manufacturing industry responds differently in the urban and the rural regions when the domestic economy becomes open to trade and investment with a foreign partner.Community/Rural/Urban Development, International Relations/Trade,

Minimum Responsiveness and the Political Exclusion of the Poor

Sweden received about 5 % of the total release of Cs-137 from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident in 1986. The distribution of the fallout mainly affected northern Sweden, where some parts of the population could have received an estimated annual effective dose of 1-2 mSv per year. It is disputed whether an increased incidence of cancer can be detected in epidemiological studies after the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident outside the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. In the present paper, a possible exposure-response pattern between deposition of Cs-137 and cancer incidence after the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident was investigated in the nine northernmost counties of Sweden (2.2 million inhabitants in 1986). The activity of Cs-137 from the fallout maps at 1986 was used as a proxy for the received dose of ionizing radiation. Diagnoses of cancer (ICD-7 code 140-209) from 1980 to 2009 were received from the Swedish Cancer Registry (273,222 cases). Age-adjusted incidence rate ratios, stratified by gender, were calculated with Poisson regression in two closed cohorts of the population in the nine counties 1980 and 1986, respectively. The follow-up periods were 1980-1985 and 1986-2009, respectively. The average surface-weighted deposition of Cs-137 at three geographical levels; county (n = 9), municipality (n = 95) and parish level (n = 612) was applied for the two cohorts to study the pre- and the post-Chernobyl periods separately. To analyze time trends, the age-standardized total cancer incidence was calculated for the general Swedish population and the population in the nine counties. Joinpoint regression was used to compare the average annual percent change in the general population and the study population within each gender. No obvious exposure-response pattern was seen in the age-adjusted total cancer incidence rate ratios. A spurious association between fallout and cancer incidence was present, where areas with the lowest incidence of cancer before the accident coincidentally had the lowest fallout of Cs-137. Increasing the geographical resolution of exposure from nine county averages to 612 parish averages resulted in a two to three times higher value of variance in the regression model. There was a secular trend with an increase in age-standardized incidence of cancer in both genders from 1980 to 2009, but significant only in females. This trend was stronger and statistically significant for both genders in the general Swedish population compared to the nine counties. In conclusion, using both high quality cancer registry data and high resolution exposure maps of Cs-137 deposition, it was not possible to distinguish an effect of Cs-137 on cancer incidence after the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident in Sweden

Literatura piękna w młodopolskim księgozbiorze toruńskiego malarza i bibliofila Eugeniusza Przybyła (1884–1965)

Eine der wichtigsten Persönlichkeiten im Umfeld der Thorner Bibliophilen in der Zwischenkriegszeit und den ersten Nachkriegsjahren war Eugeniusz Przybył (1884-1965). Nach Toruń (Thorn) kam er 1920. Als Absolvent der Kunsthochschule wurde er als Zeichenlehrer im Lehrerseminar für Männer eingestellt, wo er bis 1930 arbeitete und anschließend in Ruhestand ging. Nach dem Krieg arbeitete er sechs Jahre als wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter im Fachbereich Bildende Kunst der Nikolaus-Kopernikus-Universität in Toruń. Sein ganzes erwachsenes Leben lang sammelte er Bücher. Die von ihm angelegte Büchersammlung mit etwa 10.000 Büchern wurde größtenteils der Universitätsbibliothek geschenkt. Sie war das Ergebnis seiner Sammelleidenschaft, die während seiner Studienzeit in Kraków (Krakau) in den Jahren 1905-1914 in ihrer ganzen Fülle sichtbar wurde. Unter den von ihm zusammengetragenen etwa 700 Büchern treten etwa 300 Positionen aus dem Bereich der schöngeistige Literatur in den Vordergrund. Sie zeichnen sich nicht nur durch literarische Vorzüge, sondern auch aufgrund ihrer Ästhetik aus, was ein Ergebnis der Veränderungen war, die in der Buchkunst in der Zeit des Jungen Polen auftraten und hauptsächlich das Verdienst von Stanisław Wyspiański sowie den in der Gesellschaft Polska Sztuka Stosowana [Polnische Angewandte Kunst] zusammengeschlossenen Künstlern waren. Zum Komplex der besonders wertvollen Bücher, die die Büchersammlung von Przybył bereichern, gehören 22 Publikationen mit Dramen von Wyspiański, der ihre Editionsseite entworfen hatte. Von den anderen Büchern zeichnen sich folgende durch künstlerische Vorzüge aus: die von Jan Kasprowicz, Lucjan Rydel, Tadeusz Miciński, Bronisława Ostrowska, graphisch bearbeitet durch Künstler von der Klasse eines Stanisław Dębicki, Włodzimierz Tetmajer, Antoni Procajłowicz, Stefan Filipkiewicz oder Stanisław I. Witkiewicz. Zu den in visueller Hinsicht wertvollen Büchern in der jungpolnischen Sammlung von Przybyła gehören auch etwa ein Dutzend, die von dem großen Wert auf das Layaout legenden Verlagshaus „Książka” herausgegeben wurden. Darunter befinden sich u.a. Bücher mit Werken von Kazimierz Przerwa-Tetmajer, Stefan Żeromski, Władysław Orkan, verziert und illustriert von Jan Bukowski, Karol Młodzianowski, Anna Zawadzka, Wojciech Jastrzębowski, Leon Czechowski. Außer literarischen Büchern sammelte Przybył in seiner Studienzeit auch solche aus den Bereichen Kunst, Geschichte, Landeskunde, Philosophie, Religionswissenschaft, Naturkunde sowie noch ein paar anderen Gebieten.Eugeniusz Przybył (1884-1965) was one of the most important figures among Toruń’s bibliophiles in the interwar period and in the first years after the war. He arrived in Torun in 1920. As a graduate of the Academy of Arts, he was employed as a drawing instructor in Teacher Training College for Men, where he worked until he retired in 1930. After the war he worked in the Faculty of Fine Arts at Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń for 6 years as an adjunct. He collected books all his life. His collection included about 10,000 books, most of which were donated to the University Library. Collecting books was his great passion, which started when he was studying in Cracow in the years 1905-1914. Among the book collected by him at the time, the most outstanding are 300 titles of fine literature. The books possess not only great literary quality, but also have aesthetic value, which resulted from the changes which had taken place in book art in the period of Young Poland thanks to Stanisław Wyspiański and other artists - members of the society of Polish Applied Art. Particularly precious are 22 publications of plays written by Wyspiański, who also designed their edition. Other titles with outstanding aesthetic value include books of Jan Kasprowicz, Lucjan Rydel, Tadeusz Miciński, Bronisława Ostrowska, graphically designed by such artists as Stanisław Dębicki, Włodzimierz Tetmajer, Antoni Procajłowicz, Stefan Filipkiewicz and Stanisław I. Witkiewicz. In Przybył’s book collection of Young Poland there are also a dozen of books published by the printing house “Książka”, which have lavish artwork. They include e.g. books with works of Kazimierz Przerwa-Tetmajer, Stefan Żeromski, Władysław Orkan decorated and illustrated by Jan Bukowski, Karol Młodzianowski, Anna Zawadzka, Wojciech Jastrzębowski, Leon Czechowski. During his studies Przybył also collected books about art, history, local history, philosophy, religious studies, natural science and a few other fields.Jedną z ważniejszych postaci w toruńskim środowisku bibliofilskim okresu międzywojennego i początkowych lat powojennych był Eugeniusz Przybył (1884-1965). W Toruniu pojawił się w 1920 roku. Jako absolwent Akademii Sztuk Pięknych, zatrudniony został na stanowisku nauczyciela rysunku w Seminarium Nauczycielskim Męskim, w którym pracował do 1930 r., po czym przeszedł na emeryturę. Po wojnie przez sześć pracował jako adiunkt na Wydziale Sztuk Pięknych Uniwersytetu M. Kopernika Toruniu. Przez cały okres swojego dojrzałego życia gromadził książki. Zebrany przez niego księgozbiór, liczący ok. 10 tys. książek, w zdecydowanej większości podarowany Bibliotece Uniwersyteckiej. Był on efektem jego kolekcjonerskiej pasji, która ujawniła się w pełni w okresie studiów w Krakowie, w latach 1905 -1914. Spośród zebranych wtedy przez niego ok. 700 książek, na plan pierwszy wybija się ok. 300 pozycji z zakresu literatury pięknej. Wyróżniają się one nie tylko walorami literackimi, ale także stroną estetyczną, co było rezultatem zmianjakie zaszły w sztuce książki w okresie Młodej Polski, które były zasługą głównie Stanisława Wyspiańskiego oraz artystów zrzeszonych w towarzystwie Polska Sztuka Stosowana. Do zespołu szczególnie cennych książek, jakie wzbogaciły księgozbiór Przybyła należą 22 publikacje z dramatami Wyspiańskiego, który zaprojektował ich stronę edytorską. Z innych tomów walorami artystycznymi wyróżniają się książki: Jana Kasprowicza, Lucjana Rydla, Tadeusza Micińskiego Bronisławy Ostrowskiej, opracowane graficznie przez tej klasy artystów jak: Stanisław Dębicki, Włodzimierz, Tetmajer, Antoni Procajłowicz, Stefan Filipkiewicz oraz Stanisław I. Witkiewicz. W młodopolskim księgozbiorze Przybyła do cennych pod względem wizualnym należy też kilkanaście książek wydanych przez oficynę „Książka” przywiązującą dużą wagę do ich szaty graficznej. Są wśród nich m.in. książki z utworami Kazimierza Przerwy-Tetmajera, Stefana Żeromskiego, Władysława Orkana, zdobione oraz ilustrowane przez: Jana Bukowskiego, Karola Młodzianowskiego, Annę Zawadzką, Wojciecha Jastrzębowskiego, Leon Czechowskiego. Oprócz książki literackiej Przybył w okresie studiów gromadził również książki z zakresu sztuki, historii, krajoznawstwa, filozofii, religioznawstwa, przyrodoznawstwa i z kilku innych jeszcze dziedzin