Conhecimento do diagnóstico, tratamento e controle do diabetes mellitus no Brasil

OBJETIVO: Estimar as proporções dos indivíduos que têm conhecimento do diagnóstico, tratamento e controle do diabetes mellitus (DM) na população adulta brasileira. MÉTODO: Este é um estudo transversal, com dados de amostra representativa da população brasileira, provenientes da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS 2014/2015). Os desfechos foram definidos com base na medida de hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c), no diagnóstico autorreferido de DM e no uso de hipoglicemiantes ou de insulina. Estimou–se a proporção do conhecimento, tratamento e controle do DM de acordo com as características sociodemográficas, condição de saúde e de acesso aos serviços de saúde, e seus respectivos intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC95%). RESULTADOS: A prevalência de DM na população brasileira foi 8,6% (IC95% 7,8–9,3), 68,2% (IC95% 63,9–72,3) tinham conhecimento do seu diagnóstico, 92,2% (IC95% 88,6–94,7) dos que tinham conhecimento realizam tratamento medicamentoso, e desses, 35,8% (IC95% 30,5–41,6) tinham os níveis de HbA1c controlados. As proporções de conhecimento, controle e tratamento foram menores nos homens, com idade de 18 a 39 anos, indivíduos que possuem baixa escolaridade, sem plano de saúde e beneficiários do Programa Bolsa Família. CONCLUSÃO: Aproximadamente um em cada dez brasileiros apresenta DM. Um pouco mais da metade desta população tem conhecimento do seu diagnóstico, condição aferida por dosagem de HbA1c e diagnóstico clínico. Entre os que sabem, a grande maioria está sob tratamento medicamentoso. Porém, menos da metade destes tem seus níveis de HbA1c controlados. Cenários piores foram encontrados em subgrupos com alta vulnerabilidade social.OBJECTIVE: To estimate the proportions of awareness, treatment, and control of diabetes mellitus (DM) in the Brazilian adult population. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study, with data from a representative sample of the Brazilian population, taken from the National Health Survey(PNS 2014/2015). Outcomes were defined based on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) measurements, self-reported DM diagnosis, and use of hypoglycemic agents or insulin. The proportion of DM awareness, treatment, and control was estimated according to sociodemographic characteristics, health conditions, and access to health services, and their respective 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: DM prevalence in the Brazilian population was of 8.6% (95%CI: 7.8–9.3): 68.2% (95%CI: 63.9–72.3) were aware of their diagnosis, 92.2% (95%CI: 88.6–94.7) of those who were aware were undergoing drug treatments, and, of these, 35.8% (95%CI: 30.5–41.6) had controlled HbA1c levels. The proportions of DM awareness, control, and treatment were lower in men aged 18 to 39 years, individuals with low education, without health insurance, and beneficiaries of the Bolsa Família program. CONCLUSION: Approximately one in ten Brazilians has DM. A little more than half of this population is aware of their diagnosis, a condition measured by HbA1c dosage and clinical diagnosis. Among those who know, the vast majority are undergoing drug treatments. However, less than half of these have their HbA1c levels controlled. Worse scenarios were found in subgroups with high social vulnerability

Vulnerabilidade social se associa com o diagnóstico autorreferido de diabetes tipo II: uma análise multinível

Objective: analyze the contextual factors associated with type II diabetes mellitus in Belo Horizonte. Methods: cross-sectional study with 5779 adults living in Belo Horizonte, participating in the Risk and Protection Factors Surveillance System for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (Vigitel), in the years 2008, 2009 and 2010. Multilevel regression models were used to test the association between contextual indicators of the physical and social environment and self-reported diagnosis of diabetes, adjusted for individual sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Descriptive analyzes and multilevel logistic regression models were used, considering a significance level of 5%. Results: The prevalence of diabetes was 6.2% (95% CI: 5.54 - 6.92) and 3.1% of the variability of chance of diabetes were explained by contextual characteristics. Living in areas with high density of private places for physical activity and high income was associated with a lower chance of having diabetes. The areas with high level of social vulnerability were strongly associated with the chance of diabetes, adjusted for individual characteristics. Conclusion: characteristics of the physical and social environment were associated with the chance of occurrence of diabetes. Urban centers with opportunities to adopt healthy behaviors can help to reduce the occurrence of diabetes and its complications.Objetivo: analisar os fatores contextuais associados ao diabetes mellitus tipo II em Belo Horizonte. Métodos: estudo transversal, com 5779 adultos residentes em Belo Horizonte, participantes do Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e de Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (Vigitel), nos anos de 2008, 2009 e 2010. Foram utilizados modelos de regressão multinível para testar a associação entre indicadores contextuais do ambiente físico e social e diagnóstico autorreferido de diabetes, ajustados por fatores individuais sociodemográficos e de estilo de vida. Utilizou-se análises descritivas e modelos de regressão logística multinível, considerando um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: A prevalência de diabetes foi 6,2% (IC95%: 5,54 - 6,92) e 3,1% da variabilidade da chance de diabetes nas áreas de abrangência estudadas foi explicada por características contextuais. Residir em áreas com alta densidade de locais privados para prática de atividade física e com alta renda associou-se a menor chance de ter diabetes. As áreas com alto índice de vulnerabilidade social foram fortemente associadas ao diabetes, independente de características individuais. Conclusão: a ocorrência de diabetes está associada com as características do ambiente físico e social. Centros urbanos com oportunidades para adoção de comportamentos saudáveis podem ajudar a reduzir a ocorrência de diabetes e as suas complicações

Aging and quality of life of elderly people in rural areas

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the quality of life and health of elderly in rural areas of Minas Gerais State’s center-west. Method: Cross-sectional study, in four municipalities of Minas Gerais State, by interviewing elderly people. Associations between socio-demographic and quality of life variables were tested, separated into “satisfactory”/“unsatisfactory” with values from the median of positive answers. It was used the chi-square test, Fisher’s test and regression. Results: 182 elderly answered the questions and showed a relation with the “satisfactory” quality of life - bivariate (p < 0.05): age by 69 years (61.6%), married (61.7%), living by 54 years in rural areas (68%), with no financial support (59.5%), living with someone else (61%), non-smoker (60%), presenting good health (76.7%), satisfied with life (69.6%); regression: not having financial support, living with someone else and not smoking. Conclusion: Elderly people in rural areas present good quality of life/health in the cognitive aspect, access to services, goods, habits, but awareness must be constant due to their weakness

Aging and quality of life of elderly people in rural areas

<div><p>ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the quality of life and health of elderly in rural areas of Minas Gerais State’s center-west. Method: Cross-sectional study, in four municipalities of Minas Gerais State, by interviewing elderly people. Associations between socio-demographic and quality of life variables were tested, separated into “satisfactory”/“unsatisfactory” with values from the median of positive answers. It was used the chi-square test, Fisher’s test and regression. Results: 182 elderly answered the questions and showed a relation with the “satisfactory” quality of life - bivariate (p < 0.05): age by 69 years (61.6%), married (61.7%), living by 54 years in rural areas (68%), with no financial support (59.5%), living with someone else (61%), non-smoker (60%), presenting good health (76.7%), satisfied with life (69.6%); regression: not having financial support, living with someone else and not smoking. Conclusion: Elderly people in rural areas present good quality of life/health in the cognitive aspect, access to services, goods, habits, but awareness must be constant due to their weakness.</p></div

Promoção da Saúde para a População em Situação de Rua

Este estudo objetiva relatar as atividades educativas realizadas em um Centro de Referência para a População em Situação de Rua. Trata-se de relato de experiência das atividades de um projeto de extensão conduzidas ao longo do ano de 2019. Para o início das atividades educativas, foi solicitada a anuência ao serviço, e direcionado o convite de participação para os profissionais do Centro de Saúde de abrangência da região. Foram realizadas 16 ações educativas, com abordagem lúdica e interativa, sobre temas relacionados ao âmbito da saúde. O número total de participantes foi de 255, com predominância do sexo masculino. O projeto permitiu o estreitamento de vínculo entre os usuários do serviço e os profissionais do Centro de Saúde, o trabalho interprofissional da equipe de Saúde, além de contribuir com a formação dos alunos envolvidos, que experimentaram a prática e o trabalho interprofissional. Palavras-chave: Extensão Universitária; Atenção Primária; Educação em Saúde Health Promotion for the Homeless Population Abstract: This study aims to report the educational activities carried out in a Reference Center for the Homeless Population. This article is an experience report of the activities of an extension project conducted throughout the year 2019. For the beginning of the educational activities, consent was requested to the reference service. An invitation to participate was sent to the professionals from the Health Center, which covers the region. Seventeen educational activities were carried out, with a playful and interactive approach, on topics related to health. The total number of participants was 255, predominantly males. The project allowed a closer bond between the service users and the health center professionals, the interprofessional work of the Health Center team, and contributed to the education of the students involved, who experienced the practice and the interprofessional work. Keywords: University Extension; Primary Health Care; Health Educatio