Health risk represented by inhaling polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pah) during daily commuting involving using a high traffic flow route in bogota

Objective Assessing the risk to health by inhaling particles and particle-bound PAH during daily commuting along a high traffic flow route/corridor in Bogota.MethodsA van was equipped with a PAS2000 photo-electric sensor for real-time measurement of particle-bound PAH and a DustTrak for monitoringPM10 concentration; it drovealong typical commuting routes in the city. Exposure to particles and particle-bound PAH was assessed by using an inhalation intake model.Results A similar trend was observed for both PM10 and PAH concentration, indicating that traffic was the same source for both contaminants. Extreme PM10 and PAH inhalation concentrations were recorded every time direct bus and microbus emissions were measured by the van. Inhalation model results indicated that exposure was significantly greater when using avenues having mixed traffic use (i.e. buses, microbuses, passenger vehicles, motorcycles) compared to using roads where the TransMilenio system (articulated buses) had been implemented.Conclusions The results may support evaluating bus drivers, commuters and bike users’ exposure to toxic compounds in the city

Integral Approach to Environmental Leadership Education : An Exploration in the Heihe River Basin, Northwestern China

An education program called Asian Program for Incubation of Environmental Leaders (APIEL) was established in 2008 by the University of Tokyo. The need arises to equip the students with a wide knowledge base and practical skills related to global and regional environmental issues. This paper explores an integral framework for environmental leadership education, and show how this framework has been used to conduct one of the APIEL field exercises in the Heihe River basin, Northwestern Arid China. The framework was developed by modifying Ken Wilber’s 4-quadrant approach. Our conclusion is that the use of an integral approach is effective in not only understanding environmental issues of complexity, but also development and management of environmental leadership education programs

Integral Approach to Environmental Leadership Education : An Exploration in the Heihe River Basin, Northwestern China

An education program called Asian Program for Incubation of Environmental Leaders (APIEL) was established in 2008 by the University of Tokyo. The need arises to equip the students with a wide knowledge base and practical skills related to global and regional environmental issues. This paper explores an integral framework for environmental leadership education, and show how this framework has been used to conduct one of the APIEL field exercises in the Heihe River basin, Northwestern Arid China. The framework was developed by modifying Ken Wilber’s 4-quadrant approach. Our conclusion is that the use of an integral approach is effective in not only understanding environmental issues of complexity, but also development and management of environmental leadership education programs