CWキンセキガイセン レーザ オ モチイタ ブンコウシステム ト シンゴウショリ

In order to analyze spectral lines in the near infrared wavelength region, computer controllecd laser spectrometers with higher resolving power and precision than the classical ones were developed using a GaAs semiconductor laser and a tilanium sapphire ring laser. The systems operated in the wavelength region from 0.68 to 1.O5 μm and at 1.3μm. The lasers were automatically swept over several hundreds of wavenumber with a resolution better than several MHz. The accuracy of the wavenumber measrenment achieved using a wavelength meter combined with a Fabry^Perot interferometer was 0.0005 cm^. A novel double beam noise reduction technique was developed to eliminate interference noises and a noise reduction ratio of 50 dB was attained

コウタイイキハチョウカヘン GaAsハンドウタイレーザ ニヨル 1.3μmリョウイキ ニオケル アセチレンブンシ ノ シンドウカイテンスペクトル ノ カイセキ

The vib-rotational spectrum of the 2ν_1+ν_5, ν_1+ν_2+3ν_5 and ν_1+ν_3+2ν_4 combination bands of acetylene were measured using a GaAs semiconductor laser at the wavenumber region from 7400 to 7700 cm^ and thc rotational fine structures of the P-, R- and Q-branches were assigned. The formulation describing the spectral line positions by a third order polynomial of J (J+1) with the effective spcctroscopic parameters of ν^_0, B^_v, and H^_v was obtained using sccond order pertubation theory to take the l-type resonance effect into consideration. The spectroscopic constants and the l-type doubling constants were calculated from the effective rotational parameters determined using a least squares fitting procedure for the e-and f-levels

TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

Plant traits - the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants - determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait‐based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits - almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives

Load Frequency Control and Real-Time Pricing with Stochastic Model Predictive Control

We developed a load frequency control system with stochastic model predictive control (SMPC) for power systems where the market penetration of wind power generation is high. The controller adjusts the electricity price for heat pump water heaters while at the same time controlling thermal power plants and batteries in order to maintain the frequency in the designated range. We propose an approach for solving SMPC problems on Hammerstein models including affine disturbance feedback parametrization. Simulation results show that SMPC with affine disturbance feedback parametrization outperforms both SMPC without parametrization and deterministic model predictive control in terms of the stage-cost and constraint violation

Effect of beta-blockers on circulating levels of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy

AbstractOBJECTIVESThis study was designed to evaluate the beneficial effect of beta-blockers on circulating cytokine levels in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).BACKGROUNDElevated circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines have been reported in patients with DCM. However, alterations of the levels of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in association with beta-blocker therapy are unknown.METHODSWe studied 32 patients with idiopathic DCM who had been treated with digitalis, diuretics and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. In addition to this combination therapy, beta-blockers were started in all patients. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and soluble TNF receptors (sTNF-R1 and R2) were measured at baseline and 12 weeks after the initiation of beta-blocker therapy. We also measured plasma levels of neurohumoral factors, as well as left ventricular (LV) size and function. Ten age-matched subjects with no cardiac disease served as the control group.RESULTSBaseline levels of IL-10, TNF-alpha and sTNF-R2 were significantly higher in patients with DCM than in control subjects (p < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between IL-10 and TNF-alpha levels (r = 0.545, p = 0.029). The TNF-alpha/IL-10 ratio correlated well with plasma epinephrine levels (r = 0.677, p = 0.025), and the level of sTNF-R2 was closely related to LV size. Serum levels of IL-10, TNF-alpha and sTNF-R2 were significantly decreased during beta-blocker therapy (p < 0.005).CONCLUSIONSOur findings indicate that beta-blockers have an important immunoregulatory role in modifying the dysregulated cytokine network in DCM. This effect of beta-blockers may be partly responsible for the efficacy of therapeutic drugs for heart failure