The development of \u27simultaneous posture\u27in acquiring daily actions by a person with cervical spinal cord injury : Longot : dinal observation of putting on socks action

We studied about development of putting on socks action performed by a patient with paralytic symptom in rehabilitation of ADL. Our purpose is to reveal what information are available to relearn and improve the action. Especially, it is important how he organized many movement into whole process of action and what patterns of action were used and selected, because we can find in these developmental aspects what information were explored and used to coordinate segments of body. We analyzed 5 videotaped actions over 6 months in these ways : time, number of sub-actions, organization of action process, variation of action patterns. Time decreased gradually, but number of sub-actions didn\u27t correspond to it. Organization of action process and variation of patterns showed that the patient explored posture supporting trunk and manipulation simultaneously and change of such posture varied some kinds of manipulation. These results suggest that putting on socks is based on this basic posture (\u27simultaneous posture\u27) and it is source of generating new patterns of actions

Aberrant antigenic expression in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma: a multi-parameter study from Thailand

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL) is not common worldwide, but it is the most common T- and NK-cell lymphomas in many Asian countries. Immunophenotypic profiles were studied based on limited series. The authors, therefore, studied on ENKTL according to characterize immunophenotypic profiles as well as the distribution of EBV subtype and LMP-1 gene deletion.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>By using tissue microarray (TMA), immunohistochemical study and EBV encoded RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization were performed. T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement, EBV subtyping, and LMP-1 gene deletion were studied on the available cases.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>There were 22 cases eligible for TMA. ENKTL were positive for CD3 (91%), CD5 (9%), CD7 (32%), CD4 (14%), CD56 (82%), TIA-1 (100%), granzyme B (95%), perforin (86%), CD45 (83%), CD30 (75%), Oct2 (25%), and IRF4/MUM1 (33%). None of them was positive for βF1, CD8, or CD57. TCR gene rearrangement was negative in all 18 tested cases. EBV was subtype A in all 15 tested cases, with 87% deleted LMP-1 gene. Cases lacking perforin expression demonstrated a significantly poorer survival outcome (p = 0.008).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The present study demonstrated TIA-1 and EBER as the two most sensitive markers. There were a few CD3 and/or CD56 negative cases noted. Interestingly, losses of CD45 and/or CD7 were not uncommon while Oct2 and IRF4/MUM1 could be positive in a subset of cases. Based on the present study in conjunction with the literature review, determination of PCR-based TCR gene rearrangement analysis might not be a useful technique for making diagnosis of ENKTL.</p

Cav3.2-dependent hyperalgesia/allodynia following intrathecal and intraplantar zinc chelator administration in rodents

Cav3.2, a T-type calcium channel (T-channel) family member, is expressed in the nociceptors and spinal cord, and its activity is largely suppressed by zinc under physiological conditions. In rats, intrathecal and intraplantar administration of a zinc chelator, TPEN, caused T-channel-dependent mechanical hyperalgesia, and the intraplantar, but not intrathecal, TPEN induced Cav3.2 upregulation in the dorsal root ganglion. In mice, intraplantar TPEN also caused mechanical allodynia, which was abolished by T-channel inhibitors or Cav3.2 gene deletion. Together, spinal and peripheral zinc deficiency appears to enhance Cav3.2 activity in the spinal postsynaptic neurons and nociceptors, respectively, thereby promoting pain