Danish Waffen-SS Soldiers in Croatia, Autumn 1943: The Fighting at Glina and Hrastovica

On 23–25 November 1943, Regiment Dänemark of the 11th SS-freiwilligen Panzer-Grenadier-Division “Nordland” became involved in two cases of local combat with Yugoslav Partisans. Both took place in a small area of the so-called Independent State of Croatia. The events have attracted interest among Danish scholars as well as in popular literature. Unfortunately, western scholarship has largely been restricted to memoirs by former Waffen-SS soldiers and a few reports from German military units. Narratives were developed in almost complete isolation from sources and literature in the region of former Yugoslavia. As a result, a number of misunderstandings and factual errors concerning the events became repeated in the latest scholarly work. This article adds the Partisans’ perspective to the episodes, thus contributing to a more complete picture of clashes that cost both Danish and Yugoslav lives. In addition, it highlights the importance of critical source evaluation in the analysis of controversial historical events

The Outcome of the Surgical Treatment in the Patients with the Penetrating Chest Wounds

The aim of this paper is to present the treatment evaluation of the chest penetrating wounds in our hospital during the Patriotic war in Croatia. Due to the war situation, all the patients were treated with the aggressive surgery- thoracotomy. We compared the treatment outcome of these patients with those treated after the war who were treated with the standard procedure, meaning that the thoracotomy was performed only if the indications were clear and most of the minor chest wounds were treated with the thoracic drain. The compared parameters were: age, gender, thoracotomy percentage in comparison to total number of wounded, incidence of multiple wounds needing surgery, total follow up period, infection incidence, period of hospital treatment, blood transfusions, spirometry finding minimum one year after the hospital treatment. None of the parameters showed any significant statistical difference suggesting that one treatment was better than the other

Among the Hyperboreans : Yugoslav prisoners in Norway 1942-1945

This article provides new insights into the violence suffered by more than four thousand Yugoslavs who were deported to Norway by Nazi Germany during the Second World War. Placed in labour camps throughout the country, they were made to work under extremely harsh conditions on projects such as road construction and military installations. Particular attention is paid to their interaction with prison guards and to the political conflicts that emerged within the prisoner group. The findings of sociologist Nils Christie on the camp guards are juxtaposed against new sources from Belgrade, which became fully available to scholars in the early 2000s. These new sources show how the camp administrations exploited the terrible hygienic conditions, malnutrition and negative stereotypes about a violence-prone “Balkan culture” to create emotional distance between prisoners and guards. The prisoners complained that they were not given enough food or sufficient opportunity to maintain their hygiene, which they attributed to a conscious policy on the part of the camp administration. Lice infestations, outbreaks of typhus and malaria, combined with extrajudicial executions, not least of prisoners who fell ill, resulted in a death toll of over sixty percent for the Yugoslavs. The Yugoslavs thus suffered among the highest death tolls of any national or ethnic community relocated to Scandinavia during the war. The analysis further deals with prisoner escapes to Sweden, which were often made possible by help from Norwegian civilians. Such experiences contributed to the very positive image of Norway and Norwegians in the witness statements taken by the Yugoslav embassy in Stockholm. These statements also show that the prisoners had a very positive view of how they were treated by the authorities upon arrival in Sweden.Revised version of an article previously published in Historisk Tidskrift:Dulić, Tomislav. 2011. "'De plågade oss som om de ville att vi skulle dö': Jugoslaviska krigsfångar i Norge under andra världskriget i ljuset av nytt källmaterial." Historisk tidskrift 131 (4): 745–771.</p

Among the Hyperboreans : Yugoslav prisoners in Norway 1942-1945

This article provides new insights into the violence suffered by more than four thousand Yugoslavs who were deported to Norway by Nazi Germany during the Second World War. Placed in labour camps throughout the country, they were made to work under extremely harsh conditions on projects such as road construction and military installations. Particular attention is paid to their interaction with prison guards and to the political conflicts that emerged within the prisoner group. The findings of sociologist Nils Christie on the camp guards are juxtaposed against new sources from Belgrade, which became fully available to scholars in the early 2000s. These new sources show how the camp administrations exploited the terrible hygienic conditions, malnutrition and negative stereotypes about a violence-prone “Balkan culture” to create emotional distance between prisoners and guards. The prisoners complained that they were not given enough food or sufficient opportunity to maintain their hygiene, which they attributed to a conscious policy on the part of the camp administration. Lice infestations, outbreaks of typhus and malaria, combined with extrajudicial executions, not least of prisoners who fell ill, resulted in a death toll of over sixty percent for the Yugoslavs. The Yugoslavs thus suffered among the highest death tolls of any national or ethnic community relocated to Scandinavia during the war. The analysis further deals with prisoner escapes to Sweden, which were often made possible by help from Norwegian civilians. Such experiences contributed to the very positive image of Norway and Norwegians in the witness statements taken by the Yugoslav embassy in Stockholm. These statements also show that the prisoners had a very positive view of how they were treated by the authorities upon arrival in Sweden.Revised version of an article previously published in Historisk Tidskrift:Dulić, Tomislav. 2011. "'De plågade oss som om de ville att vi skulle dö': Jugoslaviska krigsfångar i Norge under andra världskriget i ljuset av nytt källmaterial." Historisk tidskrift 131 (4): 745–771.</p

Fascism and (Transnational) Social Movements : A Reflection on Concepts and Theory in Comparative Fascist Studies

Scholars have recently begun advocating for the application of social movement theory in the analysis of the rise and development of fascist political entities. While representing a welcome effort to increase the theoretical depth in the analysis of fascism, the approach remains hampered by conceptual deficiencies. The author addresses some of these by the help of a critical discussion that problematises the often incoherent ways in which the concept of ‘movement’ is used when describing fascist political activity both within and across national borders. The analysis then turns to the application of social movement theory to the historical example of the Ustašas. While recent research on social movements has begun to explore the role and character of transnationalism, this case study analysis suggests that the lack of supra-national organisations during the period of ‘classic’ fascism prevented the emergence of a ‘transnational public space’ where fascist movements could have participated. The conclusion is that rather than acting and organising on a ‘transnational’ level, fascist entities appear to have limited themselves to state-based international ‘knowledge-transfer’ of a traditional type

NUTRITIVE VALUE OF TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS) FARMED IN THE ADRIATIC SEA

Cilj ovog rada bio je određivanje kemijskog sastava fileta svježe i hladno dimljene kalifornijske pastrve (Oncorhynchus mykiss)uzgojene u Jadranskom moru mjerenjem udjela vode, masti, proteina, soli, pepela, sastava masnih kiselina s naglaskom na eikozapentaensku (EPA) i dokozaheksaensku (DHA) masnu kiselinu te fizikalnih karakteristika mjerenjem pH i određivanjem boje. Analize su izvršene na homogeniziranom mišićju nakon odvajanja kože i kostiju. Određivanje udjela vode, pepela, ukupne količine masti i proteina izvršeno je prema referentnim metodama AOAC (1995). Za određivanje sastava masnih kiselina pripremljeni su metilni esteri prema metodi HRN EN ISO 5509 (2004) te su analizirani plinskom kromatografijom prema metodi HRN EN ISO 5508 (1999). Rezultati su pokazali da je istražena svježa pastrva uzgojena u moru odličan izvor proteina (21,21%) te da ima nešto niže vrijednosti udjela masti (5,21%) i omega-3 masnih kiselina (12,52 %) od rezultata drugih istraživanja. Proces hladnog dimljenja ne uzrokuje gubitke na udjelu masti i omega-3 masnih kiselina. Fileti svježe i dimljene kalifornijske pastrve uzgojene u Jadranskom moru mogu se smatrati namirnicama visoke prehrambene vrijednosti.The aim of this study was to determinethe chemical composition of fresh and cold smoked rainbow trout fillets (Oncorhynchusmykiss)farmed in the Adriatic sea by measuring water, fat, protein, salt and ash content, fatty acid profile with an emphasis oneicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) fatty acids. Physical characteristics were determined by pH and color measurements. Analysis was performed on homogenized fish muscles without skin and bones. Determination of moisture, ash, fat and protein was conducted according to AOAC (1995). Determination of fatty acid content of previously prepared methyl esters (HRN EN ISO 5509, 2004) was conducted by gas chromatography according to HRN EN ISO 5508 (1999). Results showed that fresh rainbow trout farmed in the Adriatic sea is an excellent protein source (21.21%) but has slightly lower fat (5.21%) and omega-3 fatty acid content (12.52 %) compared to the results of other studies. Fat and omega-3 fatty acid content was not decreased by the process of cold smoking. Overall, fresh and smoked trout farmed in the Adriatic may be regarded as food high in nutritional value

Three Approaches to Urban Conflicts over Peace(s)

This chapter first argues that urban conflicts over peace(s) in the postwar city should be studied through the acts, governing, and spaces underpinning them. It then theorises negotiating agency, governmentality, and relational space as concepts apt for analysing these dimensions. Negotiating agency sees acts are the result of open-ended and constantly on-going negotiations between the subject and the world in which it exists. The key to understanding acts therefore lies neither in the subject nor the world, but in the negotiation between the two underpinning the act itself. Governmentality understands governing as about structuring the field of possible acts for collectives—effectively meaning that anything making collectives choose A instead of B is considered governing. Relational space in turn builds on the notion that space is neither given nor passive to but rather both produced by and productive of society. The chapter ends with some notes on research design