Physical training improves cardiopulmonary functional capacity and increases cytokine IL-10 levels in individuals with Chagas disease

Purpose: To evaluate cardiopulmonary functional capacity and the production of cytokines in patients with and without Chagas disease, and with and without hypertension, after short and long-term exercise.Methods: In a case-controlled study, 56 participants who attended the Chagas Disease Laboratory at the State University of Maringa (LDC/UEM) and Basic Health Units (UBS) in Maringa that agreed to participate. The participants were divided into the following groups: 16 with Chagas disease (CHD group), 21 with systemic arterial hypertension (SAH group) and 19 normal individuals without these morbidities (NI group). Each participant performed the 6-min walk test (6MWT), and a 12-week physical training program. Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured before and after physical training.Results: The CHD group presented good performance in the 6MWT, with no significant differences in distance traveled or perceived exertion (p > 0.05) compared with the NI group. After physical training, the 6MWT results were significantly better, with significant decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, in the SAH group (p = 0.0409; and p = 0.0377, respectively) and NI group (p = 0.0180; and p = 0.0431, respectively) and a significant increase in the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10; p < 0.05) in all three groups. The NI group exhibited a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the serum levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-17 and tumor necrosis factor (all p< 0.05).Conclusion: All of the participants presented improvements in cardiopulmonary functional capacity and good prognosis, indicating the protective effect of IL-10 production and the benefits of physical training.Keywords: Chagas disease, Six-minute walk test, Physical training, Cytokines, Cardiopulmonary function capacity, Hypertensio

Macrophage Polarization in Leishmaniasis: Broadening Horizons

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne neglected tropical disease that affects more than 700,000 people annually. Leishmania parasites cause the disease, and different species trigger a distinct immune response and clinical manifestations. Macrophages are the final host cells for the proliferation of Leishmania parasites, and these cells are the key to a controlled or exacerbated response that culminates in clinical manifestations. M1 and M2 are the two main macrophage phenotypes. M1 is a pro-inflammatory subtype with microbicidal properties, and M2, or alternatively activated, is an anti-inflammatory/regulatory subtype that is related to inflammation resolution and tissue repair. The present review elucidates the roles of M1 and M2 polarization in leishmaniasis and highlights the role of the salivary components of the vector and the action of the parasite in the macrophage plasticity

Sodium nitroprusside has leishmanicidal activity independent of iNOS

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania . Cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most common form, with millions of new cases worldwide each year. Treatments are ineffective due to the toxicity of existing drugs and the resistance acquired by certain strains of the parasite. METHODS: We evaluated the activity of sodium nitroprusside in macrophages infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis . Phagocytic and microbicidal activity were evaluated by phagocytosis assay and promastigote recovery, respectively, while cytokine production and nitrite levels were determined by ELISA and by the Griess method. Levels of iNOS and 3-nitrotyrosine were measured by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: Sodium nitroprusside exhibited in vitro antileishmanial activity at both concentrations tested, reducing the number of amastigotes and recovered promastigotes in macrophages infected with L. amazonensis . At 1.5µg/mL, sodium nitroprusside stimulated levels of TNF-α and nitric oxide, but not IFN-γ. The compound also increased levels of 3-nitrotyrosine, but not expression of iNOS, suggesting that the drug acts as an exogenous source of nitric oxide. CONCLUSIONS: Sodium nitroprusside enhances microbicidal activity in Leishmania -infected macrophages by boosting nitric oxide and 3-nitrotyrosine

Temporal and spatial distribution of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in north Paraná: 2010-2015

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Describing the general aspects of American tegumentary leishmaniasis enables the identification of the epidemiological scenario of the disease and the development of preventive actions. METHODS: We analyzed the records of patients with American tegumentary leishmaniasis in north Paraná between 2010 and 2015. RESULTS: We identified 108 cases (mostly in 2014) with the following characteristics: male individuals, rural workers, and ages averaging 56.8 years. Isolated ulcerated lesions were predominant, and Glucantime® was the most frequently used drug. CONCLUSIONS: American tegumentary leishmaniasis remains endemic and affects mostly men found in areas surrounded by woods; its treatment is partially efficient considering its side effects and incidence of recurrences

Macrophage Polarization in Leishmaniasis: Broadening Horizons

Submitted by Manoel Barata ([email protected]) on 2019-12-03T19:41:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 fimmu-09-02529ok.pdf: 867609 bytes, checksum: 2d8d3684b5991f6db192288a0eb46e4f (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Manoel Barata ([email protected]) on 2019-12-20T19:30:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fimmu-09-02529ok.pdf: 867609 bytes, checksum: 2d8d3684b5991f6db192288a0eb46e4f (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-12-20T19:30:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fimmu-09-02529ok.pdf: 867609 bytes, checksum: 2d8d3684b5991f6db192288a0eb46e4f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Carlos Chagas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia. Curitiba, PR, Brasil / Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Departamento de Ciências Patológicas. Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia. Londrina, PR, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Carlos Chagas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia. Curitiba, PR, Brasil / Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Departamento de Ciências Patológicas. Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia. Londrina, PR, Brasil.Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Departamento de Ciências Patológicas. Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia. Londrina, PR, Brasil.Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Departamento de Química. Laboratório de Biotransformação e Fitoquímica. Londrina, PR, Brasil.Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Departamento de Ciências Patológicas. Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia. Londrina, PR, Brasil.Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Departamento de Ciências Patológicas. Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia. Londrina, PR, Brasil.Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Departamento de Ciências Patológicas. Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia. Londrina, PR, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Carlos Chagas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia. Curitiba, PR, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Carlos Chagas. Laboratório de Virologia Molecular. Curitiba, PR, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Carlos Chagas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia. Curitiba, PR, Brasil / Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Departamento de Ciências Patológicas. Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia. Londrina, PR, Brasil.Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne neglected tropical disease that affects more than 700,000 people annually. Leishmania parasites cause the disease, and different species trigger a distinct immune response and clinical manifestations. Macrophages are the final host cells for the proliferation of Leishmania parasites, and these cells are the key to a controlled or exacerbated response that culminates in clinical manifestations. M1 and M2 are the two main macrophage phenotypes. M1 is a pro-inflammatory subtype with microbicidal properties, and M2, or alternatively activated, is an anti-inflammatory/regulatory subtype that is related to inflammation resolution and tissue repair. The present review elucidates the roles of M1 and M2 polarization in leishmaniasis and highlights the role of the salivary components of the vector and the action of the parasite in the macrophage plasticity

Reactivation of cytomegalovirus increases nitric oxide and IL-10 levels in sepsis and is associated with changes in renal parameters and worse clinical outcome

Submitted by Manoel Barata ([email protected]) on 2019-08-28T19:37:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 s41598-019-45390.pdf: 1336834 bytes, checksum: 80d9a68809fe33544d5051cebe4bcb22 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Manoel Barata ([email protected]) on 2019-08-29T17:34:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 s41598-019-45390.pdf: 1336834 bytes, checksum: 80d9a68809fe33544d5051cebe4bcb22 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-08-29T17:34:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 s41598-019-45390.pdf: 1336834 bytes, checksum: 80d9a68809fe33544d5051cebe4bcb22 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Departamento de Ciências Patológicas. Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia de doenças negligenciadas e câncer. Londrina, PR, Brasil.Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Departamento de Ciências Patológicas. Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia de doenças negligenciadas e câncer. Londrina, PR, Brasil.Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Departamento de Ciências Patológicas. Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia de doenças negligenciadas e câncer. Londrina, PR, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Carlos Chagas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia. Curitiba, PR, Brasil.Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Exatas. Departamento de Química. Laboratório de Biotransformação e Fitoquímica. Londrina, PR, Brasil.Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Departamento de Ciências Patológicas. Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia de doenças negligenciadas e câncer. Londrina, PR, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Carlos Chagas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia. Curitiba, PR, Brasil.Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Departamento de Microbiologia. Londrina, PR, Brasil.Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Departamento de Microbiologia. Londrina, PR, Brasil.Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Departamento de Medicina Clínica. Londrina, PR, Brasil.Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Departamento Patologia, Análises Clínicas e Toxicologia. Londrina, PR, Brasil.Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Departamento de Ciências Patológicas. Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia de Doenças Negligenciadas e Câncer. Londrina, PR, Brasil.Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Departamento de Ciências Patológicas. Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia de Doenças Negligenciadas e Câncer. Londrina, PR, Brasil.Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Departamento de Ciências Patológicas. Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia de Doenças Negligenciadas e Câncer. Londrina, PR, Brasil.Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Departamento de Ciências Patológicas. Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia de Doenças Negligenciadas e Câncer. Londrina, PR, Brasil.CMV reactivation has been widely associated with bacterial sepsis and occurs in approximately 30% of these individuals, is associated with a longer ICU stay, prolongation of the need for mechanical ventilation, and over 80% increase in the mortality rate, being directly associated with severe organ dysfunction and hemodynamic imbalance. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the role of CMV reactivation in sepsis progression. The overall occurrence of cytomegalovirus reactivation in the cohort was 17.58%. Was observed an increase in plasma levels of NO, reduction of percentage of free days of mechanical ventilation and arterial pH, as well as changes in coagulation parameters in the reactivated group. There was also a significant increase in IL-10, creatinine, urea levels and reduction of 24-hour urine output. These variables still correlated with viral load, demonstrating an association between the reactivation process and kidney failure present in sepsis. The reactivated group still had 2.1 times the risk of developing septic shock and an increase in the mortality rates. CMV is reactivated in sepsis and these patients presented a higher risk of developing septic shock and higher mortality rates and our data suggest that IL-10 and NO may be involved in this process

Leishmanicidal and fungicidal activity of lipases obtained from endophytic fungi extracts.

This work describes the production of lipases from endophytic fungi: Vermisporium-like, Emericella nidulans, Dichotomophtora portulacae and D. boerhaaviae and the biological activity against the dermatophyte fungi Malassezia sp and Microsporum canis and the parasite Leishmania amazonensis. All fungal enzymes extract showed lipolysis action in the media that contains long carbon chain lipids. The proteomic analysis of lipases exhibits several molecules mostly ranging in size from 220 to 20 kDa, with clear differences in protein profile's yield. All fungal enzymes were competent to eliminate promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis at 5 mg.mL-1. The antileishmanial activity of lipases from Vermisporium-like, E. nidulans, D. portulacae and D. boerhaaviae in amastigote forms, promoted the reduction in viability of 78.88, 39.65, 63.17 and 98.13%, with selectivity index of 19.56, 30.68, 18.09 and 20.99. In relation to antifungal activity, Dichothomophtora enzymes demonstrate best action with MFC of 14.65 μg.mL-1 against Malassezia sp and Microsporum canis, respectively. These results allow us to infer that lipases from entophytic fungi displays activity against dermatophyte fungi (Malassezia sp. and Microsporum canis) as well as Leishmania