Role of Collective Mode for Optical Conductivity and Reflectivity in Quarter-Filled Spin-Density-Wave State

Taking account of a collective mode relevant to charge fluctuation, the optical conductivity of spin-density-wave state has been examined for an extended Hubbard model with one-dimensional quarter-filled band. We find that, within the random phase approximation, the conductivity exhibits several peaks at the frequency corresponding to the excitation energy of the commensurate collective mode. When charge ordering appears with increasing inter-site repulsive interactions, the main peak with the lowest frequency is reduced and the effective mass of the mode is enhanced indicating the suppression of the effect of the collective mode by charge ordering. It is also shown that the reflectivity becomes large in a wide range of frequency due to the huge dielectric constant induced by the collective mode.Comment: 11 pages, 16 figure

The Origin of the Charge Ordering and Its Relevance to Superconductivity in θ\theta-(BEDT-TTF)2_2X: The Effect of the Fermi Surface Nesting and the Distant Electron-Electron Interactions

The origin of the charge ordering in organic compounds $\theta$-(BEDT-TTF)$_2 X$ ($X=MM'$(SCN)$_4$, $M=$Tl,Rb,Co, $M'=$Cs,Zn) is studied using an extended Hubbard model. Calculating the charge susceptibility within random phase approximation (RPA), we find that the $(3\times 3)\sim (3\times 4)$ charge ordering observed at relatively high temperatures can be considered as a consequence of a cooperation between the Fermi surface nesting, controlled by the hopping integral in the $c$ direction, and the electron-electron interactions, where the distant (next nearest neighbor) interactions that have not been taken into account in most of the previous studies play an important role.Mean field analysis at T=0 also supports the RPA results, and further shows that in the $3\times 3$ charge ordered state, some portions of the Fermi surface remain ungapped and are nested with a nesting vector close to the modulation wave vector of the horizontal stripe ordering observed at low temperatures in $X=MM'$(SCN)$_4$. We further study the possibility of superconductivity by taking into account the distant off-site repulsions and the band structure corresponding to $X=$I$_3$, in which superconductivity is experimentally observed. We find that there is a close competition between $d_{xy}$-wave-like singlet pairing and $p_{x+2y}$-wave-like triplet pairing due to a cooperation between the charge and the spin fluctuations. The present analysis provides a possible unified understanding of the experimental phase diagram of the $\theta$-(BEDT-TTF)$_2 X$ family, ranging from a charge ordered insulator to a superconductor.Comment: 13 pages, 18 figures (Figs.5,6,7,14,15,18 compressed using jpeg2ps

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Suppress the Cystic Lesion Formation of Peritoneal Endometriosis in Transgenic Mouse Models

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs) play a role in controlling pathological inflammatory reactions. Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue on the peritoneum and an exaggerated inflammatory environment around ectopic tissues. Here peritoneal endometriosis was reproduced using a mouse model in which murine endometrial fragments were inoculated into the peritoneal cavity of mice. Fat-1 mice, in which omega-6 can be converted to omega-3 PUFAs, or wild type mice, in which it cannot, were used for the endometriosis model to address the actions of omega-3 PUFAs on the development of endometriotic lesions. The number and weight of cystic endometriotic lesions in fat-1 mice two weeks after inoculation were significantly less than half to those of controls. Mediator lipidomics revealed that cystic endometriotic lesions and peritoneal fluids were abundant in 12/15-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (12/15-HEPE), derived from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and their amount in fat-1 mice was significantly larger than that in controls. 12/15-Lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX)-knockout (KO) and control mice with or without EPA administration were assessed for the endometriosis model. EPA administration decreased the number of lesions in controls but not in 12/15-LOX-KO mice. The peritoneal fluids in EPA-fed 12/15-LOX-KO mice contained reduced levels of EPA metabolites such as 12/15-HEPE and EPA-derived resolvin E3 even after EPA administration. cDNA microarrays of endometriotic lesions revealed that Interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression in fat-1 mice was significantly lower than that in controls. These results suggest that both endogenous and exogenous EPA-derived PUFAs protect against the development of endometriosis through their anti-inflammatory effects and, in particular, the 12/15-LOX-pathway products of EPA may be key mediators to suppress endometriosis

Identification of five genetic variants as novel determinants of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japanese by exome-wide association studies

We performed exome-wide association studies to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms that either influence fasting plasma glucose level or blood hemoglobin A1c content or confer susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japanese. Exome-wide association studies were performed with the use of Illumina Human Exome-12 DNA Analysis or Infinium Exome-24 BeadChip arrays and with 11,729 or 8635 subjects for fasting plasma glucose level or blood hemoglobin A1c content, respectively, or with 14,023 subjects for type 2 diabetes mellitus (3573 cases, 10,450 controls). The relation of genotypes of 41,265 polymorphisms to fasting plasma glucose level or blood hemoglobin A1c content was examined by linear regression analysis. After Bonferroni’s correction, 41 and 17 polymorphisms were significantly (P < 1.21 × 10−6) associated with fasting plasma glucose level or blood hemoglobin A1c content, respectively, with two polymorphisms (rs139421991, rs189305583) being associated with both. Examination of the relation of allele frequencies to type 2 diabetes mellitus with Fisher’s exact test revealed that 87 polymorphisms were significantly (P < 1.21 × 10−6) associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Subsequent multivariable logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age and sex showed that four polymorphisms (rs138313632, rs76974938, rs139012426, rs147317864) were significantly (P < 1.44 × 10−4) associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with rs138313632 and rs139012426 also being associated with fasting plasma glucose and rs76974938 with blood hemoglobin A1c. Five polymorphisms—rs139421991 of CAT, rs189305583 of PDCL2, rs138313632 of RUFY1, rs139012426 of LOC100505549, and rs76974938 of C21orf59—may be novel determinants of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Identification of TNFSF13, SPATC1L, SLC22A25 and SALL4 as novel susceptibility loci for atrial fibrillation by an exome‑wide association study

An exome‑wide association study (EWAS) was performed to identify genetic variants, particularly low‑frequency or rare coding variants with a moderate to large effect size, that confer susceptibility to atrial fibrillation in Japanese. The EWAS for atrial fibrillation was performed with 13,166 subjects (884 patients with atrial fibrillation and 12,282 controls) using an Illumina HumanExome‑12 DNA Analysis BeadChip or Infinium Exome‑24 BeadChip arrays. The association of atrial fibrillation with allele frequencies of 41,243 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that passed quality control was examined with Fisher\u27s exact test. Based on Bonferroni\u27s correction, a P<1.21x10‑6 was considered statistically significant. The EWAS for atrial fibrillation revealed that 122 SNPs were significantly associated with this condition. The association of the identified SNPs to atrial fibrillation was further examined by multivariable logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age, sex and the prevalence of hypertension. Eight SNPs were related (P<0.01) to atrial fibrillation, among which three polymorphisms, rs11552708 [G/A (G67R)]of TNF superfamily member 13 (TNFSF13; dominant model; P=9.36x10‑9; odds ratio, 0.58), rs113710653 [C/T (E231 K)] of spermatogenesis and centriole associated 1 like (SPATC1L; dominant model; P=1.09x10‑5; odds ratio, 3.27), and rs11231397 [G/C (R300T)] of solute carrier family 22 member 25 (SLC22A25; additive model; P=3.71x10‑5; odds ratio, 1.77), were significantly (P<1.02x10‑4) associated with this condition. The minor T allele of rs113710653 and the minor C allele of rs11231397 were risk factors for atrial fibrillation, whereas the minor A allele of rs11552708 was protective against this condition. In addition, rs77538589 [C/T (G117R)] of SALL4 exhibited a tendency to be associated with atrial fibrillation (dominant model; P=0.0002; odds ratio, 1.88), with the minor T allele representing a risk factor for this condition. TNFSF13, SPATC1L, SLC22A25 and SALL4 may thus be novel susceptibility loci for atrial fibrillation in the Japanese population

Associations between the orexin (hypocretin) receptor 2 gene polymorphism Val308Ile and nicotine dependence in genome-wide and subsequent association studies

Impact of the HCRTR2 gene risk variant on schizotypal personality traits (mean ± SD). (DOC 54 kb

Identification of STXBP2 as a novel susceptibility locus for myocardial infarction in Japanese individuals by an exome-wide association study

We performed exome-wide association studies to identify genetic variants—in particular, low-frequency variants with a large effect size—that confer susceptibility to coronary artery disease or myocardial infarction in Japanese. The exome-wide association studies were performed with 12,698 individuals (3488 subjects with coronary artery disease including 2438 with myocardial infarction, 9210 controls) and with the use of the Illumina HumanExome-12 DNA Analysis or Infinium Exome-24 BeadChip. The relation of allele frequencies for 41,339 single nucleotide polymorphisms that passed quality control to coronary artery disease or myocardial infarction was examined with Fisher’s exact test. The exome-wide association study for coronary artery disease revealed that 126 single nucleotide polymorphisms were significantly (P <1.21 × 10–6) associated with this condition. Multivariable logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age, sex, and the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia showed that six of these polymorphisms were related (P < 0.01) to coronary artery disease, but none was significantly (P < 9.92 × 10–5) associated with this condition. The exome-wide association study for myocardial infarction revealed that 114 single nucleotide polymorphisms were significantly (P <1.21 × 10–6) associated with this condition. Multivariable logistic regression analysis with adjustment for covariates revealed that nine of these polymorphisms were related (P < 0.01) to myocardial infarction. Among these nine polymorphisms, rs188212047 [G/T (L212F)] of STXBP2 was significantly (dominant model; P = 4.84 × 10–8; odds ratio, 2.94) associated with myocardial infarction. STXBP2 may thus be a novel susceptibility locus for myocardial infarction in Japanese

Identification of rs7350481 at chromosome 11q23.3 as a novel susceptibility locus for metabolic syndrome in Japanese individuals by an exome-wide association study

We have performed exome-wide association studies to identify genetic variants that influence body mass index or confer susceptibility to obesity or metabolic syndrome in Japanese. The exome-wide association study for body mass index included 12,890 subjects, and those for obesity and metabolic syndrome included 12,968 subjects (3954 individuals with obesity, 9014 controls) and 6817 subjects (3998 individuals with MetS, 2819 controls), respectively. Exome-wide association studies were performed with Illumina HumanExome-12 DNA Analysis BeadChip or Infinium Exome-24 BeadChip arrays. The relation of genotypes of single nucleotide polymorphisms to body mass index was examined by linear regression analysis, and that of allele frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms to obesity or metabolic syndrome was evaluated with Fisher’s exact test. The exome-wide association studies identified six, 11, and 40 single nucleotide polymorphisms as being significantly associated with body mass index, obesity (P <1.21 × 10–6), or metabolic syndrome (P <1.20 × 10–6), respectively. Subsequent multivariable logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age and sex revealed that three and five single nucleotide polymorphisms were related (P < 0.05) to obesity or metabolic syndrome, respectively, with one of these latter polymorphisms—rs7350481 (C/T) at chromosome 11q23.3—also being significantly (P < 3.13 × 10–4) associated with metabolic syndrome. The polymorphism rs7350481 may thus be a novel susceptibility locus for metabolic syndrome in Japanese. In addition, single nucleotide polymorphisms in three genes (CROT, TSC1, RIN3) and at four loci (ANKK1, ZNF804B, CSRNP3, 17p11.2) were implicated as candidate determinants of obesity and metabolic syndrome, respectively

Identification of eight genetic variants as novel determinants of dyslipidemia in Japanese by exome-wide association studies

We have performed exome-wide association studies to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms that influence serum concentrations of triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL)–cholesterol, or low density lipoprotein (LDL)–cholesterol or confer susceptibility to hypertriglyceridemia, hypo–HDL-cholesterolemia, or hyper–LDL-cholesterolemia in Japanese. Exome-wide association studies for serum triglycerides (13,414 subjects), HDL-cholesterol (14,119 subjects), LDL-cholesterol (13,577 subjects), hypertriglyceridemia (4742 cases, 8672 controls), hypo–HDL-cholesterolemia (2646 cases, 11,473 controls), and hyper–LDL-cholesterolemia (4489 cases, 9088 controls) were performed with HumanExome-12 DNA Analysis BeadChip or Infinium Exome-24 BeadChip arrays. Twenty-four, 69, or 32 loci were significantly (P < 1.21 × 10–6) associated with serum triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, or LDL-cholesterol, respectively, with 13, 16, or 9 of these loci having previously been associated with triglyceride-, HDL-cholesterol–, or LDL-cholesterol–related traits, respectively. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs10790162, rs7350481) were significantly related to both serum triglycerides and hypertriglyceridemia; three polymorphisms (rs146515657, rs147317864, rs12229654) were significantly related to both serum HDL-cholesterol and hypo–HDL-cholesterolemia; and six polymorphisms (rs2853969, rs7771335, rs2071653, rs2269704, rs2269703, rs2269702) were significantly related to both serum LDL-cholesterol and hyper–LDL-cholesterolemia. Among polymorphisms identified in the present study, two polymorphisms (rs146515657, rs147317864) may be novel determinants of hypo–HDL-cholesterolemia, and six polymorphisms (rs2853969, rs7771335, rs2071653, rs2269704, rs2269703, rs2269702) may be new determinants of hyper–LDL-cholesterolemia. In addition, 12, 61, 23, or 3 polymorphisms may be new determinants of the serum triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, or LDL-cholesterol concentrations or of hyper–LDL-cholesterolemia, respectively