52 research outputs found
Performance Evaluation of Hydrogen Permeability of Pore-filling Membrane Prepared from Nanoparticles
ナノダイナミクス国際シンポジウム 平成22年1月21日(木) 於長崎大学Nagasaki Symposium on Nano-Dynamics 2010 (NSND2010), January 21, 2010, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan, Invited Lectur
Preparation of Au-Pd Core-shell Nanoparticles Supported TiO2 and Influence of Photocatalytic Activity on the Shell Thickness
ナノダイナミクス国際シンポジウム 平成22年1月21日(木) 於長崎大学Nagasaki Symposium on Nano-Dynamics 2010 (NSND2010), January 21, 2010, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan, Invited Lectur
Explosive nucleosynthesis in the neutrino-driven aspherical supernova explosion of a non-rotating 15 star with solar metallicity
We investigate explosive nucleosynthesis in a non-rotating 15 star
with solar metallicity that explodes by a neutrino-heating supernova (SN)
mechanism aided by both standing accretion shock instability (SASI) and
convection. To trigger explosions in our two-dimensional hydrodynamic
simulations, we approximate the neutrino transport with a simple light-bulb
scheme and systematically change the neutrino fluxes emitted from the
protoneutron star. By a post-processing calculation, we evaluate abundances and
masses of the SN ejecta for nuclei with the mass number employing a
large nuclear reaction network. Aspherical abundance distributions, which are
observed in nearby core-collapse SN remnants, are obtained for the non-rotating
spherically-symmetric progenitor, due to the growth of low-mode SASI. Abundance
pattern of the supernova ejecta is similar to that of the solar system for
models whose masses ranges (0.4-0.5) \Ms of the ejecta from the inner region
(\le 10,000\km) of the precollapse core. For the models, the explosion
energies and the \nuc{Ni}{56} masses are and
(0.05-0.06) \Ms, respectively; their estimated baryonic masses of the neutron
star are comparable to the ones observed in neutron-star binaries. These
findings may have little uncertainty because most of the ejecta is composed by
matter that is heated via the shock wave and has relatively definite
abundances. The abundance ratios for Ne, Mg, Si and Fe observed in Cygnus loop
are well reproduced with the SN ejecta from an inner region of the 15\Ms
progenitor.Comment: 15 pages, 1 table, 17 figures, accepted for publication in
Astrophyscal Journa
Catching Element Formation In The Act
Gamma-ray astronomy explores the most energetic photons in nature to address
some of the most pressing puzzles in contemporary astrophysics. It encompasses
a wide range of objects and phenomena: stars, supernovae, novae, neutron stars,
stellar-mass black holes, nucleosynthesis, the interstellar medium, cosmic rays
and relativistic-particle acceleration, and the evolution of galaxies. MeV
gamma-rays provide a unique probe of nuclear processes in astronomy, directly
measuring radioactive decay, nuclear de-excitation, and positron annihilation.
The substantial information carried by gamma-ray photons allows us to see
deeper into these objects, the bulk of the power is often emitted at gamma-ray
energies, and radioactivity provides a natural physical clock that adds unique
information. New science will be driven by time-domain population studies at
gamma-ray energies. This science is enabled by next-generation gamma-ray
instruments with one to two orders of magnitude better sensitivity, larger sky
coverage, and faster cadence than all previous gamma-ray instruments. This
transformative capability permits: (a) the accurate identification of the
gamma-ray emitting objects and correlations with observations taken at other
wavelengths and with other messengers; (b) construction of new gamma-ray maps
of the Milky Way and other nearby galaxies where extended regions are
distinguished from point sources; and (c) considerable serendipitous science of
scarce events -- nearby neutron star mergers, for example. Advances in
technology push the performance of new gamma-ray instruments to address a wide
set of astrophysical questions.Comment: 14 pages including 3 figure
Preparation of Hydrogen Permeable Membrane Using Nanoparticles Electrophoresis Technique
Hydrogen perm-selective membranes composed of Pd nanoparticles were investigated. The nanoparticles were prepared by ultrasonic reduction from PdII ions, and then deposited on a substrate disc with electrophoresis technique. These electrophoretic membranes have shown high performance of perm-selectivity for H2 with separation factor α = 3.85, under room temperature
The whole blood transcriptional regulation landscape in 465 COVID-19 infected samples from Japan COVID-19 Task Force
「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19患者由来の血液細胞における遺伝子発現の網羅的解析 --重症度に応じた遺伝子発現の変化には、ヒトゲノム配列の個人差が影響する--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-23.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recently-emerged infectious disease that has caused millions of deaths, where comprehensive understanding of disease mechanisms is still unestablished. In particular, studies of gene expression dynamics and regulation landscape in COVID-19 infected individuals are limited. Here, we report on a thorough analysis of whole blood RNA-seq data from 465 genotyped samples from the Japan COVID-19 Task Force, including 359 severe and 106 non-severe COVID-19 cases. We discover 1169 putative causal expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) including 34 possible colocalizations with biobank fine-mapping results of hematopoietic traits in a Japanese population, 1549 putative causal splice QTLs (sQTLs; e.g. two independent sQTLs at TOR1AIP1), as well as biologically interpretable trans-eQTL examples (e.g., REST and STING1), all fine-mapped at single variant resolution. We perform differential gene expression analysis to elucidate 198 genes with increased expression in severe COVID-19 cases and enriched for innate immune-related functions. Finally, we evaluate the limited but non-zero effect of COVID-19 phenotype on eQTL discovery, and highlight the presence of COVID-19 severity-interaction eQTLs (ieQTLs; e.g., CLEC4C and MYBL2). Our study provides a comprehensive catalog of whole blood regulatory variants in Japanese, as well as a reference for transcriptional landscapes in response to COVID-19 infection
DOCK2 is involved in the host genetics and biology of severe COVID-19
「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19疾患感受性遺伝子DOCK2の重症化機序を解明 --アジア最大のバイオレポジトリーでCOVID-19の治療標的を発見--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-10.Identifying the host genetic factors underlying severe COVID-19 is an emerging challenge. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 2, 393 cases of COVID-19 in a cohort of Japanese individuals collected during the initial waves of the pandemic, with 3, 289 unaffected controls. We identified a variant on chromosome 5 at 5q35 (rs60200309-A), close to the dedicator of cytokinesis 2 gene (DOCK2), which was associated with severe COVID-19 in patients less than 65 years of age. This risk allele was prevalent in East Asian individuals but rare in Europeans, highlighting the value of genome-wide association studies in non-European populations. RNA-sequencing analysis of 473 bulk peripheral blood samples identified decreased expression of DOCK2 associated with the risk allele in these younger patients. DOCK2 expression was suppressed in patients with severe cases of COVID-19. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis (n = 61 individuals) identified cell-type-specific downregulation of DOCK2 and a COVID-19-specific decreasing effect of the risk allele on DOCK2 expression in non-classical monocytes. Immunohistochemistry of lung specimens from patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia showed suppressed DOCK2 expression. Moreover, inhibition of DOCK2 function with CPYPP increased the severity of pneumonia in a Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by weight loss, lung oedema, enhanced viral loads, impaired macrophage recruitment and dysregulated type I interferon responses. We conclude that DOCK2 has an important role in the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19, and could be further explored as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target
A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)
Meeting abstrac
Preparation of Pore Filling Membrane with Pd Nanoparticles
Hydrogen perm-selective membranes were composed Pd nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were prepared by sonochemical reduction from PdII ions. Then the nanoparticles deposited on a substrate disc with electrophoresis technique. These electrophoretic membranes have shown high performance of perm-selectivity for H2 with separation factor α=3.85, under room temperature.ナノダイナミクス国際シンポジウム 平成20年1月43日(木) 於長崎大学Nagasaki Symposium on Nano-Dynamics 2009 (NSND2009), January 27, 2019, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan, Poster Presentatio
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