オガサワラホソハマトビムシの弟島からの初記録（節足動物門:甲殻亜門:端脚目）

Pyatakovestia boninensis Morino and Miyamoto, 2015 is reported based on single female specimen from Ototojima Island, the Bonin Islands, Japan. This is the first record of the species in Ototojima Island. The specimen referred to P. boninensis differs from the original description (type locality: Hahajima Island) by the shape of coxal gill of pereopod 6 and the number of marginal setae of outer ramus of uropod 2.小笠原諸島弟島からハマトビムシ科のオガサワラホソハマトビムシを初めて記録した。弟島から得られた雌1個体について分類学的検討を行った結果、原記載とは第6胸肢の底節鰓の形状、および第2尾肢外肢縁棘数について変異がみられることが分かった

Learning context in biology education using “water” in marine ecosystem

Marine ecosystem is one of our familiar environments and provides various ecosystem services for us. To date, conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in marine ecosystem becomes an object of public concern. In this paper, features of learning contents of marine ecosystem from secondary education in Japan were briefly reviewed. In addition, three context-based approaches of marine ecosystem in biology education by focusing on the social problems were proposed.本研究の一部は，科学研究費基盤研究A（25242015，代表：古賀信吉）の助成を受けて行ったものである

A new species of Paramoera (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Pontogeneiidae) from an estuary habitat in Hokkaido, Japan

A new species of the pontogeneiid amphipod Paramoera shakotanensis from the mouth of Horonaifu River, Hokkaido, Japan, is described. Paramoera shakotanensis sp. nov. can clearly be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following features: large eyes, deep antennal sinus without sharp incision, epimeral plate 3 with smooth posterior margin, small number of setae on inner plate of the maxilla 1 (up to three) and on inner plate with oblique inner row (up to two), pereopod 7 with coxal gill, and distally tapering telson with almost straight lateral margins bearing submarginal setae

Molecular phylogenetic position of Minamitalitrus zoltani elucidates a further troglobisation pattern in cave-dwelling terrestrial amphipods (Crustacea: Talitridae)

Talitrids are a highly diverse group of amphipod crustaceans that have colonized various terrestrial habitats. Three genera have successfully adapted to cave habitats on islands in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. However, the evolutionary origin of the Pacific troglobitic talitrids has remained unknown. We estimate the phylogenetic position of the troglobitic Minamitalitrus zoltani, which inhabits limestone caves on Minamidaito Island in the Northwestern Pacific, on the basis of the traditional multi-locus dataset. For the analyzed talitrids, we also reconstruct ancestral states of the maxilliped palp and male gnathopod 2. Our results indicate that Minamitalitrus zoltani is sister to the epigean Nipponorchestia curvatus with a deep divergence. Nipponorchestia curvatus inhabits coastal habitats in Japan, but is not indigenous to Minamidaito Island. A previous study estimated that the Atlantic troglobitic species had invaded subterranean habitats multiple times, but we provide new insight into the troglobisation history in talitrids. We also recover secondary shifts of character states of the maxilliped palp and male gnathopod 2 within the lineage composed of Minamitalitrus and its phylogenetically close genera. Our findings highlight the need for the genus-level reclassification of these genera; we split Nipponorchestia into two genera, establishing a new genus for Nipponorchestia nudiramus

Remembering Fischer Black

The on-site training for high-school students in the Takehara Marine Science Station of Hiroshima University roused their interest of the sea. Especially, generating experiment of sea urchin, anatomy of fishes, and animal collections from the uninhabited island were the most popular among students. As a result of this training, understanding and the interest of marine organisms and environments in almost all students have increased, so the on-site training might be effective in the prevention of high school student's losing interests in science

A Reading Method to Understand Phylogenetic Research : Comparing Research Papers

本研究では，生物の系統分類に関する重要な２本の研究論文の読解を通して，①系統分類学における研究内容の発展を読み取る方法と研究論文の比較の視点を明らかにすること，②系統分類の単元の指導に際してどのような学習効果が期待できるのかという教材研究への示唆を導出することを目的とした。対象としてWhittaker (1969)による５界説の提唱，およびWoese et al. (1990)によるドメインの提唱に関する論文を取り上げ，「研究手法」「他領域からの影響」「背景にある流れ」について比較・検討した。その結果，情報収集技術や他の学問領域の発展といった研究基盤の変化が系統分類学の方法論や分類体系の構築に影響を与えていること，研究手法の変化と他の学問領域の発展は相互に関連しながら系統分類学に影響を与えていること，研究領域を貫く重要な流れや問題意識が存在することが明らかになった。また，対象論文が後の研究へ与えた影響を比較することで,各論文で論じられている内容の特徴をより客観的に整理し，対象論文の特徴を比較可能であることが分かった。さらに，それらの読解を教材研究へ反映することを検討した結果，研究内容の発展の読解と比較が，科学の特質の指導に有効であることや，系統分類の単元におけるより深い理解に繋がることが示唆された。This study examines two significant research papers on the biological classification system. It aims to clarify methods for comprehending the development of research content in phylogenetic systematics and the comparative view of research papers on the subject. Furthermore, it also attempts to derive the methods’ implications on the research of teaching materials in terms of the kind of expected learning effect when teachers teach phylogenetic systematics units. The study focuses on Whittaker’s (1969) proposal of the 5-kingdom system and on the paper concerning Woese et al.’s (1990) proposal of the 3 domains. It compares and examines their “research methods,” “influences from other areas,” and “background flow.” The results reveal that changes in research resources, such as the development of information gathering technology and developments in other academic areas, have influenced the methodology and classification system of phylogenetic systematics. It also indicates that changes in research methods and developments in other academic areas, whilst being interrelated, have influenced phylogenetic systematics and there exists a critical flow and awareness of the problem that was penetrating the area of research. Moreover, it shows that by comparing the target studies’ effects on subsequent research, the content discussed in each of the papers could be organized much more objectively and the target papers’ points could be much more easily comparable. Furthermore, when investigating how the reading of these papers was reflected in research on teaching materials, the results suggest that by reading and comparing the development of the research content, scientific properties could be taught more efficiently, and it led to a deeper understanding of the phylogenetic systematics unit

Development of an energy and environmental education program dealing with social issues

In the 3rd grader of junior high school, we propose a new subject "resources and energy" dealing with social issues. Through this subject, we aim to foster the ability to think from a multifaceted and integrated viewpoint. We conducted a questionnaire survey whether students understand about scientific or social terms related to energy in the next year. The degree of understanding of the students who learned the program was high. And there were many students who thought that social issues could be solved by science and technology in future in comparison with groups that did not study this program

Learning Contexts in Science Education Using “Water” as a Material: Evolution of the Earth and Role of the Water

We are studying on the development of teaching/learning materials in Science. This article focuses on a contextual science learning of the Earth’s origin and the hydrological circulation from the perspective of “water”. Some storylines about the origin of water, the gravity of planet, formation of the atmosphere and seas, and the creation of life are proposed in connection with the knowledge and concepts of physics, chemistry, and biology as well as earth science. And an example of lesson practice for state transition of “water” including the interdisciplinary aspects such as thermodynamics in physics and meteorology in earth science is also presented.本研究はJSPS科研費（課題番号：JP25242015）の助成を受けたものである

Comparison of animal communities on benthic and drifting brown algae Sargassum horneri in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan

2018年5月，6月に広島県竹原市周辺海域にて着生している状態および流れ藻のアカモクを採集し，動物群集相の比較を行った。着生状態および流れ藻ともにソコミジンコ目カイアシ類，端脚類，等脚類，多毛類などがアカモク上で生息していることがわかった。Hornの重複度指数を用いて，月別の着生状態と流れ藻につく動物群集組成を比較したところ，6月の流れ藻における動物群集組成がほかと大きく異なることが明らかとなった。In May and June 2018, we collected both benthic and drifting large brown algae Sargassum horneri on the coast of Takehara City, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. The animal communities on benthic and drifting thalli were compared. Phytal animals such as harpacticoid copepods, amphipods, isopods, and polychaetes were predominantly found on both thalli. The Horn’s overlap index showed that the animal communities on drifting thalli in June 2018 were clearly different from those of the benthic thalli

A new species of the genus Pseudocrangonyx (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Pseudocrangonyctidae) from Korea

A new subterranean species of pseudocrangonyctid amphipod, Pseudocrangonyx daejeonensis sp. n. is described from the interstitial waters in Daejeon, Korea. Pseudocrangonyx daejeonensis sp. n. is distinguished from three morphologically similar congeners, P. coreanus Uéno, 1966, P. febras Sidorov, 2009, and P. gudariensis Tomikawa & Sato, 2016, by the characteristics of antenna 1, antenna 2, mandible, gnathopod 2, pleopods, uropods 1–2, and telson. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear 28S rRNA and histone H3, and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S rRNA genes revealed that P. daejeonensis is a sister species of the unnamed Pseudocrangonyx sp. 3 inhabiting central Japan