Trans-Boundary Waters of Turkey and An Examination From The Legal Aspects: Syria Example

Despite the fact that water resources are quite limited on earth, the rapid increase inpopulation, unconscious consumption, pollution, and, irregular urbanisation led to the consequence of water as a significant problem on earth. Thus, trans-boundary water resources have always been a problem between countries throughout the course of history.The trans-boundary water resources in Turkey are the rivers Fırat and Dicle, as well asAsi, Meric, Coruh and Aras. Turkey, for several years, has accepted the rivers Fırat and Dicleas trans-boundary water, and has defended that these two rivers constitute a single basin.However, Syria has accepted Fırat and Dicle as international water and defended that these two rivers constitute two separate basins. Due to this disagreement about how to accept Fıratand Dicle, the problem has remained unsolved in the one-to-one negotiations.Turkey attempted to solve the problem through a three-stage plan, but Syria's approach was not moderate. On the basis of the protocol of economic cooperation between the two parties in 1987, Syria takes 500 m3 of water per second from the river Fırat. On 1 October 2010, Turkey and Syria have signed a treaty for the construction of a Waterpump Station inthe land of Syria, in order for Syria to take water from the river Dicle. On the basis of this treaty, Syria will be able to take a maximum of 1.250 billion m3 of water on the river Dicle.If the National Assembly (TBMM) approves of the Treaty, then it will be legalised and come into force. This treaty is signed by Turkey with the presupposition that Firat and Dicle constitute a single basin.The present study aims at considering the solutions for the problems concerning border transcending water between us-Turkey and our neighbour Syria

Determination of the dry periods using standard precipitation index in eskişehir porsuk basin and drought management

Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is the most widely used drought index which provides good estimates on the drought intensity based on the size of the temporal and spatial dimensions. The main advantage of the SPI in comparison with other indices is the fact thatthe SPI enables both determination of drought conditions at different time scales and monitoring of different drought types.In this study, drought analysis of the western region of Turkiye, Eskisehir, specifically,the local and regional Porsuk Basin was performed using standardized precipitation index,and drought management strategies have been studied

Poly[[diaqua­caesium(II)]bis­(μ3-3-carboxy­pyrazine-2-carboxyl­ato)]. Corrigendum

Corrigendum to Acta Cryst. (2007), E63, m1783–m1784

catena-Poly[[diaqua­rubidium(I)](μ2-3-carboxy­pyrazine-2-carboxyl­ato)(μ2-pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid)]

The structural unit of the title compound, [Rb(C6H3N2O4)(C6H4N2O4)(H2O)2]n, consists of one rubidium cation, one hydrogen pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxyl­ate anion, one pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid mol­ecule and two water mol­ecules. This formulation is repeated twice in the asymmetric unit as the rubidium cation lies on an inversion centre. Each anion or acid mol­ecule is linked to two rubidium cations, while the rubidium cation has close contacts to four symmetry-equivalent organic ligands, with two different coordination modes towards this cation. In addition, each rubidium cation is coordinated by two water O atoms, raising the coordination number to eight. One of the carboxyl groups of the acid holds its H atom, which forms a hydrogen bond to a coordinated water mol­ecule. The other carboxyl group is deprotonated in half of the ligands and protonated in the other half, taking part in a strong O—H⋯O hydrogen bond disordered over an inversion centre. The stabil­ization of the crystal structure is further assisted by O—H⋯O and O—H⋯N hydrogen-bonding inter­actions involving the water mol­ecules and carboxyl­ate O atoms

(2,2′-Bipyridine)bis­(3-carboxy­pyrazine-2-carboxyl­ato)copper(II) dihydrate

The title six-coordinated distorted octa­hedral complex, [Cu(C6H3N2O4)2(C10H8N2)]·2H2O, consists of two 3-carboxy­pyrazine-2-carboxyl­ate anions and one 2,2′-bipyridine ligand. There is a twofold rotation axis positioned at the CuII center. The N atoms of the pyrazine ring occupy the axial positions and two proton-transferred O atoms of tbe acid together with the two N atoms of the 2,2′-bipyridine ligand complete the equatorial plane. The inter­actions existing in the crystal structure are inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, and C—H⋯O and C—O⋯π inter­actions (O⋯π =3.145 Å, C—O⋯π = 149.75°)

Dimethyl­ammonium bis­(3-oxidonaphthalene-2-carboxyl­ato)borate hemihydrate

The title compound, C2H8N+·C22H12BO6 −·0.5H2O, was synthesized under atmospheric conditions in the presence of dimethyl­formamide acting as a template. The structure is composed of [NH2(CH3)2]+ cations, bis­(3-oxidonaphthalene-2-carboxyl­ato)borate anions and water mol­ecules. The water molecule lies on a twofold rotation axis. The stabilization of the crystal structure comes from electrostatic inter­actions and is assisted by inter­molecular O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the layers

Poly[diaqua(μ2-3-carboxypyrazine-2-carboxylato)(μ2-pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid)potassium(I)]

The structural unit of the title compound, [K(C6H3N2O4)(C6H4N2O4)(H2O)2]n, consists of one potassium cation, one hydrogen pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxyl­ate anion, one pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid mol­ecule and two water mol­ecules; this is twice the asymmetric unit, since the potassium cation lies on an inversion centre. Each anion or acid mol­ecule is linked to two potassium cations, while the potassium cation has contacts to four symmetry-equivalent organic ligands, with two different coordination modes towards this cation. In addition, each potassium cation is coordinated by two water O atoms, raising the coordination number to eight. One of the carboxyl groups of the acid retains its H atom, which forms a hydrogen bond to a coordinated water mol­ecule. The other carboxyl group is deprotonated in half of the ligands and protonated in the other half, taking part in a strong O—H⋯O hydrogen bond disordered over an inversion centre. The stabilization of the crystal structure is further assisted by O—H⋯O and O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds in which water acts as the donor

POLICE USE OF TECHNOLOGY TO FIGHT AGAINST CRIME

Traditionally, law enforcement agencies have had an unfriendly relationship with technology. However, there is no way one can ignore and/or resist the adoption of new technologies any longer since recent developments in information technology have changed the attitudes and perceptions of police forces as well as criminals. The technological advances over the years have provided law enforcement agencies new perspectives and considerations beyond the traditional methods and opportunities to utilize a wide range of innovations in different contexts. The recent innovations and implementations which increase the efficiency and effectiveness of policing including network analysis, GIS, crime mapping, biometrics, fingerprints, DNA research, facial recognition, speech recognition, social media policing, shotspotter detection system, and CCTV are detailed in this study

catena-Poly[[(6-carb­oxy­pyrazine-2-carboxyl­ato)lithium]-μ-aqua]

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Li(C6H3N2O4)(H2O)]n, contains an LiI ion with a distorted trigonal–bipyramidal coordination environment. It is chelated by a singly protonated ligand mol­ecule via its heterocyclic N atom, by two O aoms, each donated by an adjacent carboxyl­ate group, and is further coordinated by a water O atom which acts as a bridge, forming a mol­ecular ribbon. A proton attached to one of the carboxyl­ate O atoms is situated on an inversion centre and forms a short centrosymmetric hydrogen bond, generating mol­ecular layers parallel to the ac plane. These layers are held together by weak O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds in which the coordinated water mol­ecules act as donors, whereas carboxyl­ate O atoms are acceptors

POLICE USE OF TECHNOLOGY TO FIGHT AGAINST CRIME

Traditionally, law enforcement agencies have had an unfriendly relationship with technology. However, there is no way one can ignore and/or resist the adoption of new technologies any longer since recent developments in information technology have changed the attitudes and perceptions of police forces as well as criminals. The technological advances over the years have provided law enforcement agencies new perspectives and considerations beyond the traditional methods and opportunities to utilize a wide range of innovations in different contexts. The recent innovations and implementations which increase the efficiency and effectiveness of policing including network analysis, GIS, crime mapping, biometrics, fingerprints, DNA research, facial recognition, speech recognition, social media policing, shotspotter detection system, and CCTV are detailed in this study