Carbon and water footprints in Brazilian coffee plantations - the spatial and temporal distribution

The future of many coffee growing regions, such as Brazil, depends on strategies to allow the minimization of the negative impacts of climate change. Still the own contribution of coffee cultivation for global warming is largely unknown. Water and carbon footprints are concepts that indicate the potential negative impact of a specific product, underlining which part of the process is the major responsible for it. In this context, the objective of this study was to quantify and spatialize the water and carbon footprints from coffee crop in different regions of Brazil, and to find the proportional weight of coffee production in the total emission of CO2 and water consumption in the context of Brazilian agriculture. For this end, water and carbon footprints were estimated and spatialized for Brazilian regions along 10 productive seasons (from 2004/2005 to 2014/2015), based on data of plantation area (ha) and coffee production (tons of beans). It is concluded that the estimates of annual carbon and water footprints were 19.791 million t CO2-equivalent and 49,284 million m3 of water, with higher values from the Southeast region. This corresponded to a moderate (ca. 5%) value for the emissions of greenhouse gases, but a relevant water footprint in the context of Brazilian agricultureinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

7th Drug hypersensitivity meeting: part two

No abstract availabl

Biodegradation Of Diuron And Pyruthiobac-sodium By White-rot And Soil Fungi

Thirteen strains, namely, Pleurotus sp BCCB 507, P. sp CCB 068, Pleurotus sp. 016, Agaricus campestris, Phanerochaete chrysosporium ATCC 24725 and the soil isolates DP24e, DP24o, DRP02n, SP16a, SRP 17c, SRP17g and SRP20e were selected following their cultivation in solid media containing either the pesticide Diuron or Pyrithibac-sodium (Staple 280CS). These fungi were grown in liquid medium for three days when 25 μg/mL of Diuron or 10 μg/mL of Staple were added and cultivation was carried out for up to a 14-day period. Ligninolytic activities and also the degradation of the pesticides were determined. When Diuron was used the highest degradation was obtained with Pleurotus sp BCCB 507 (60.70%-7th day), Pleurotus sp CCB 068 (80.75%-10th day), P. sp. 016 (58.60%-7th day), and the soil isolates SRP17g (65.46%-10th day), SRP17c (67.60%-10 th day) and SRP20e (62.20%-10th day). When Staple 280 CS was used Pleurotus sp BCCB 507 (14.25%-7th day), A. campestris (32.90%-14th day) and P. sp. CCB 068 (53.20%-7th day) showed the highest degradation. MnP was the predominant ligninolytic enzyme produced by all the strains, regardless of the pesticide used. © 2005 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.92132Bretaud, S., Toutant, J.-P., Saglio, P., Effects of carbofuran, diuron, and nicosulfuron on acetylcholinesterase activity in goldfish ( carassiues auratus) (2000) Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 47, pp. 117-124Muñoz De La Peña, A., Mahedero, A., Bautista-Sánchez, A., Monitoring of phenylu rea and propanil herbicides in river water by solid -phase-extraction high performance liquid chromatography with photoinduced -fluorimetric detection (2003) Talanta, pp. 1-7Aislabie, J., Lloyd-Jones, G., A review of bacterial degradation of pesticides (1995) Aust. J. Soil Res., 33, pp. 925-942Widehem, P., Aït-Aïssa, S., Tixier, C., Sancelme, H.V., Truffaut, N.I., Characterization and diuron transformation capacities of a bacterial strain arthrobacter sp (2002) Chemosphere, 46, pp. 527-534Tien, M., Kirk, T.K., Lignin preoxidase of phanerochete chrysosporium methods (1988) Enzymology, 161, pp. 238-249Dalton, R.L., Evans, A.W., Rhodes, R.C., Disappearance of diuron from cotton fields soils (1966) Weeds, 14, pp. 14-31Kaufman, D.D., Blake, J., Microbial degradation of several acetamide, acylanilide, carbamate, toluidine and urea pesticides (1973) Soil Biol. Biochem, 5, pp. 297-308Tilmanns, G.M., Wallnöffer, P.R., Engelhardt, G., Olie, K., Hutzinger, O., Oxidative dealkylation of five phenylurea herbicides by the fungus cunninghamella echinulata thaxter (1978) Chemosphere, 1, pp. 59-74Shelton, D.R., Khader, S., Karns, J.S., Pogell, B.M., Metabolism of twelve herbicides by streptomyces (1996) Biodegradation, 7, pp. 129-136Cullington, J.E., Walker, A., Rapid biodegradation of diuron and other phenylurea herbicides by a soil bacterium (1999) Soil Biol. Biochem., 31, pp. 677-686(1993) Staple Herbicide, Technical Information, , DuPont Agricultural Products, DuPont Agricultural Products: Wilmington, DEHataaka, A., Lignin-modifying from selected white-rot fungi: Production and role in lignin degradatin (1994) FEM Microbiol. Rev., 13, pp. 125-135Higson, F.K., Degradation of xenobiotics by white-rot fungi (1991) Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 22, pp. 111-152Prado, A.G.S., Airoldi, C., The toxic on soil microbial activity by the free immobilized pesticide diuron (2002) Thermochimica Acta, 394, pp. 155-162Clemente, A.R., Anazawa, T.A., Durrant, L.R., Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by soil fungi (2001) Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 32, pp. 255-261Tien, M., Kirk, T.K., Lignin-degrading enzyme from phanerochaete chrysosporium: Purification, characterization and catalytic properties of a unique requiring oxygenase (1884) Proceedings of National Academy of Science USA, 81, pp. 2280-2284Kuwahara, M., Glenn, J.K., Morgan, M.A., Gold, M.H., Separation and characterization of two extracellular - dependent oxidases from ligninolytic cultures of phanerochaete chrysosporium (1984) FEBS Letters, 169 (2), pp. 247-250Szklarz, G.D., Antibus, R.K., Sinsabaugh, R.L., LinkIins, A.E., Production of phenol oxidases and peroxidases by wood -rotting fungi (1989) Mycologia, 81 (2), pp. 234-240Esposito, E., Paulillo, S.M., Manfio, G.P., Biodegradation of the herbicide diuron in soil by indigenous actinomicetes chemosphere (1998) Great Britain, 37 (3), pp. 541-548Sumpter, S.R., Peterson, B.A., Analytical method for the determination of kih-2031 (DPX-PE350) in water using column-switching liquid chromatography (1994) DuPont Agricultural Products, Experimental Station Wilmington, DuPont Report 2746- 93, pp. 1-58Yoshida, S., Yonehara, S., Ha, H.-C., Iwahara, K., Watanabe, T., Honda, Y., Kuwahara, M., Production and characterization of ligninol ytic of bjerkandera adusta on wood meal/wheat bran culture and production of these enzymes using a rotary-solid fermenter (1996) Mycoscience, 37, pp. 417-425Bending, G.D., Friloux, M., Walker, A., Degradation of contra sting pesticides by white rot fungi and its relationship with ligninolitc potencial (2002) FEMS Microbilogy Letters, 212, pp. 59-63Fratila-Apachitel, L.E., Hirst, J.A., Siebel, M.A., Giyzen, M.J., Diuron degradation by phanerochaete crysosporium BKMF-F (1999) 1767 in Synthetic and Natural Media Biotechnology Letters, 21, pp. 147-15