Satisfaction of Polish pharmacists with completed training in the field of qualification and vaccination against COVID-19

Introduction The coronavirus pandemic in Poland required quick responses. After the invention of the Covid-19 vaccine, the main strategic goal became to vaccinate as many Poles as possible in the shortest time. This required the involvement of all medical services, including pharmacists. Qualifications to perform full vaccination services were acquired during courses organized by the Center for Postgraduate Medical Education. Almost 9,000 pharmacists have acquired qualifications for vaccinations, not all of them have decided to provide them in pharmacies. The aim of the study was a preliminary analysis of pharmacists' satisfaction from completed qualification courses to perform the protective vaccination service against Covid-19. Material and methods The study in the form of an online questionnaire was conducted among 403 professionally active pharmacists who completed a qualification course to provide the Covid-19 vaccination service. The questions concerned, among others, the assessment of the content delivery and skills during the course, as well as the usefulness of the content in practice. The collected data was subjected to statistical analysis. Results The vast majority of the surveyed pharmacists, regardless of their work experience, were satisfied with the completed qualification courses. Pharmacists with more than 10 years of work experience rated the theoretical part of the course better than their younger colleagues. For the practical part, there were no differences between the groups. The majority of pharmacists assessed the method of transferring practical skills as good or very good and indicated the usefulness of the acquired content and skills in practice. Conclusions The courses organized by the Center for Postgraduate Medical Education turned out to be satisfactory in the opinion of Polish pharmacists. It seems important to look for factors affecting the lack of provision of the Covid-19 vaccination service by some qualified pharmacist

Satisfaction of Polish pharmacists with completed training in the field of qualification and vaccination against COVID-19

MALEC, Stanisław, KNYSZYŃSKA, Anna & KLESZCZEWSKI, Tomasz. Satisfaction of Polish pharmacists with completed training in the field of qualification and vaccination against COVID-19. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;13(3):90-97. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.13.03.013 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/41634 https://zenodo.org/record/7554016 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2023; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 31.12.2022. Revised: 17.01.2023. Accepted: 20.01.2023. Satysfakcja polskich farmaceutów z odbytych szkoleń w zakresie kwalifikowania oraz wykonywania szczepień przeciw COVID-19 Satisfaction of Polish pharmacists with completed training in the field of qualification and vaccination against COVID-19 Stanisław Malec1, Anna Knyszyńska2*, Tomasz Kleszczewski3 1 Wydział Ochrony Zdrowia, Państwowa Uczelnia Zawodowa im. Edwarda F. Szczepanika w Suwałkach, ul. Teofila Noniewicza 10, 16-400 Suwałki , Apteka Arnika Suwałki, ul. Nowomiejska 15, 16-400 Suwałki; [email protected]; ORCID: 0000-0002-3178-2872 2 Zakład Nauk Humanistycznych i Terapii Zajęciowej, Pomorski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Szczecinie, Chłapowskiego 11, 71-103 Szczecin; [email protected]; ORCID: 0000-0003-4030-3527 – *autor do korespondencji 3 Zakład Biofizyki, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Białymstoku, ul. Jana Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok; [email protected]; ORCID: 0000-0002-0250-8698 Streszczenie Wprowadzenie. Pandemia koronawirusa SARS Cov-19 na świecie i w Polsce wymagała szybkich reakcji ze strony państwa. Po wynalezieniu szczepionki przeciw Covid-19 głównym strategicznym celem stało się zaszczepienie jak największej liczby Polaków w jak najkrótszym czasie. Wymagało to zaangażowania wszystkich służb medycznych w tym także farmaceutów. Kwalifikacje do wykonywania pełnych usług szczepienia nabywane były podczas kursów organizowanych przez Centrum Medycznego Kształcenia Podyplomowego. Mimo nabycia kwalifikacji do szczepień przez niemal 9 tysięcy farmaceutów, nie wszyscy zdecydowali się na ich świadczenie w aptekach. Celem pracy była wstępna analiza satysfakcji farmaceutów z odbytych kursów kwalifikacyjnych do wykonywania usługi szczepienia ochronnego przeciw Covid-19. Materiał i Metody. Badanie w formie kwestionariusza ankiety online przeprowadzono wśród 403 czynnych zawodowo farmaceutów, którzy odbyli kurs kwalifikacyjny do świadczenia usługi szczepienia przeciw Covid-19. Pytania dotyczyły między innymi oceny przekazywania treści oraz umiejętności podczas kursu a także przydatności treści w praktyce. Zebrane dane poddano analizie statystycznej wykorzystując odpowiednio dobrane testy. Wyniki. Znacząca większość badanych farmaceutów bez względu na ich staż pracy była usatysfakcjonowana z odbytych kursów kwalifikacyjnych. Farmaceuci ze stażem pracy dłuższym niż 10 lat lepiej od młodszych stażem kolegów oceniali część teoretyczną kursu. Dla części praktycznej nie odnotowano różnic między grupami w zależności od stażu pracy. Większość farmaceutów oceniało sposób przekazywania umiejętności praktycznych w sposób dobry bądź bardzo dobry oraz wskazywało na przydatność uzyskanych treści oraz umiejętności w praktyce. Wnioski. Kursy organizowane przez Centrum Medycznego Kształcenia Podyplomowego okazały się satysfakcjonujące w opinii polskich farmaceutów. Istotnym wydaje się poszukiwanie czynników wpływających na brak wykonywania usługi szczepienia ochronnego przeciw Covid-19 przez część wykwalifikowanych do tego farmaceutów. Słowa kluczowe: Covid-19; szczepienia; farmaceuci; kurs kwalifikacyjny Abstract Introduction The coronavirus pandemic in Poland required quick responses. After the invention of the Covid-19 vaccine, the main strategic goal became to vaccinate as many Poles as possible in the shortest time. This required the involvement of all medical services, including pharmacists. Qualifications to perform full vaccination services were acquired during courses organized by the Center for Postgraduate Medical Education. Almost 9,000 pharmacists have acquired qualifications for vaccinations, not all of them have decided to provide them in pharmacies. The aim of the study was a preliminary analysis of pharmacists' satisfaction from completed qualification courses to perform the protective vaccination service against Covid-19. Material and methods The study in the form of an online questionnaire was conducted among 403 professionally active pharmacists who completed a qualification course to provide the Covid-19 vaccination service. The questions concerned, among others, the assessment of the content delivery and skills during the course, as well as the usefulness of the content in practice. The collected data was subjected to statistical analysis. Results The vast majority of the surveyed pharmacists, regardless of their work experience, were satisfied with the completed qualification courses. Pharmacists with more than 10 years of work experience rated the theoretical part of the course better than their younger colleagues. For the practical part, there were no differences between the groups. The majority of pharmacists assessed the method of transferring practical skills as good or very good and indicated the usefulness of the acquired content and skills in practice. Conclusions The courses organized by the Center for Postgraduate Medical Education turned out to be satisfactory in the opinion of Polish pharmacists. It seems important to look for factors affecting the lack of provision of the Covid-19 vaccination service by some qualified pharmacists. Keywords: Covid-19; vaccinations; pharmacists; qualification cours

Effect of nitric oxide on responses of the human uterine arteries to vasopressin

Nitric oxide (NO) is known to be an important relaxant of contractile activity in various muscles including the human uterine arteries. It has been suggested that NO plays a role in modulation of vascular action of arginin vasopressin (AVP), a strong vasoconstrictor of the human uterine arteries. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to investigate an involvement of endogenous NO in regulation of responses of the human intrauterine arteries to AVP and examine the effect of exogenous NO on contractions of the human intrauterine arteries evoked by AVP. Pretreatment of the artery rings with L-NA, an inhibitor of NO synthase significantly increased the resting force and enhanced the artery responses to AVP. The opposite effect has been observed after administration of 10(-6) mol/L sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Pretreatment of the artery rings with 10(-7) M CTX, a blocker of Ca2+-sensitive potassium channels with large conductance, did not change significantly their responses to ANT. Glibenclamide (1.5 10(-6) mol/L), a blocker of ATP-dependent potassium channels and apamin (10(-8) M), a specific blocker of Ca2+-sensitive potassium channels with small conductance strongly enhanced the maximum responses of the artery rings to AVP. Pretreatment with CTX significantly decreased the relaxation induced by SNP while apamin attenuated the sensitivity to SNP resulted in rightward shift of the concentration-response curve to SNP. In conclusion, this study indicates that: NO plays a role in regulation of both the vascular tone of the human intramyometrial arteries and their response to AVP. Ca2+-sensitive K+ channels with small and large conductance are involved in the SNP-induced relaxation of these arteries. The pathways of this relaxation cannot be sufficiently explained at this moment and need further investigation. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Apamin inhibits NO-induced relaxation of the spontaneous contractile activity of the myometrium from non-pregnant women

<p>Abstract</p> <p>There is now considerable evidence for the involvement of K⁺channels in nitric oxide (NO) induced relaxation of smooth muscles including the myometrium. In order to assess whether apamin-sensitive K⁺channels play a role in NO – induced relaxation of the human uterus, we have studied the effect of specific blockers of these channels on the relaxation of myometrium from non-pregnant women. In vitro isometric contractions were recorded in uterine tissues from non-pregnant premenopausal women who had undergone hysterectomy. Apamin (10 nM) and scyllatoxin (10 nM) did not alter spontaneous myometrial contractions. However, 15-min pretreatment of the myometrium strips with apamin completely inhibited relaxation caused by diethylamine-nitric oxide (DEA/NO). The pretreatment with scyllatoxin significantly reduced (about 2.6 times) maximum relaxation of the strips induced by DEA/NO (p < 0.05). These results strongly suggest that, beside Ca²⁺and voltage dependent charybdotoxin-sensitive (CTX-sensitive) K⁺channels, apamin-sensitive K⁺channels are also present in the human non-pregnant myometrium. These channels offer an additional target in the development of new tocolytic agents.</p

Intraoperative Peritoneal Interleukin-6 Concentration Changes in Relation to the High-Mobility Group Protein B1 and Heat Shock Protein 70 Levels in Children Undergoing Cholecystectomy

The aim was the evaluation of IL-6 concentration in peritoneal lavage fluid of children which underwent cholecystectomy to ascertain if there is a difference in early inflammatory response depending on the type of surgical approach (open vs. laparoscopy). The analysis of high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) was performed to find out if the source of IL-6 was related to tissue damage. IL-6 concentration in peritoneal lavage fluid samples, obtained at the beginning and at the end of the laparoscopic (N=23) and open cholecystectomy (N=14), was tested with a routinely used electrochemiluminescence assay. The concentrations of HMGB1 and HSP70 were analyzed with the use of an ELISA method. Statistical analysis was performed using the STATISTICA PL release 12.5 Program. The differences were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon matched pairs test. Correlations were studied by using the Spearman correlation test. Our results demonstrated significant peritoneal lavage fluid IL-6 concentration growth measured at the end of the cholecystectomy as compared to the beginning, regardless of the type of the procedure. IL-6 growth during open cholecystectomy was greater compared to laparoscopic cholecystectomy (62.51-fold vs. 3.19-fold). IL-6 concentration did not correlate with HMGB1 and HSP70, which indicate that the significant growth of this cytokine was not related to mechanical tissue damage due to surgical procedure. A clinical significance of the study could be related to the fact that the evaluation of IL-6 concentration in peritoneal lavage fluid may be useful to assess an early local inflammatory response