Multilab Direct Replication of Flavell, Beach, and Chinsky (1966): Spontaneous Verbal Rehearsal in a Memory Task as a Function of Age

Work by Flavell, Beach, and Chinsky indicated a change in the spontaneous production of overt verbalization behaviors when comparing young children (age 5) with older children (age 10). Despite the critical role that this evidence of a change in verbalization behaviors plays in modern theories of cognitive development and working memory, there has been only one other published near replication of this work. In this Registered Replication Report, we relied on researchers from 17 labs who contributed their results to a larger and more comprehensive sample of children. We assessed memory performance and the presence or absence of verbalization behaviors of young children at different ages and determined that the original pattern of findings was largely upheld: Older children were more likely to verbalize, and their memory spans improved. We confirmed that 5- and 6-year-old children who verbalized recalled more than children who did not verbalize. However, unlike Flavell et al., substantial proportions of our 5- and 6-year-old samples overtly verbalized at least sometimes during the picture memory task. In addition, continuous increase in overt verbalization from 7 to 10 years old was not consistently evident in our samples. These robust findings should be weighed when considering theories of cognitive development, particularly theories concerning when verbal rehearsal emerges and relations between speech and memory

A comprehensive description of multiple observables in heavy-ion collisions at SPS

Combining and expanding on work from previous publications, a model for the evolution of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions at the CERN SPS for 158 AGeV beam energy is presented. Based on the assumption of thermalization and a parametrization of the space-time expansion of the produced matter, this model is able to describe a large set of observables including hadronic momentum spectra, correlations and abundancies, the emission of real photons, dilepton radiation and the suppression pattern of charmonia. Each of these obervables provides unique capabilities to study the reaction dynamics and taken together they form a strong and consistent picture of the evolving system. Based on the emission of hard photons, we argue that a strongly interacting, hot and dense system with temperatures above 250 MeV has to be created early in the reaction. Such a system is bound to be different from hadronic matter and likely to be a quark-gluon plasma, and we find that this assumption is in line with the subsequent evolution of the system that is reflected in other observables.Comment: 21 pages, 10 figures, submitted to J. Phys.

Resonances and fluctuations of strange particle in 200 GeV Au-Au collisions

We perform an analysis of preliminary data on strange particles yields and fluctuations within the Statistical hadronization model. We begin by describing the theoretical disagreements between different statistical models currently on the market. We then show how the simultaneous analysis of yields and fluctuations can be used to differentiate between the different models, and determine if one of them can be connected to underlying physics. We perform a study on a RHIC 200 GeV data sample that includes stable particles, resonances, and the event-by-event fluctuation of the $K/\pi$ ratio. We show that the equilibrium statistical model can not describe the fluctuation, unless an unrealistically small volume is assumed. Such small volume then makes it impossible to describe the total particle multiplicity. The non-equilibrium model,on the other hand, describes both the $K/\pi$ fluctuation and yields acceptably due to the extra boost to the $\pi$ fluctuation provided by the high pion chemical potential. $\Lambda(1520)$ and $K^*$ abundance is described within error bars, but the $\Sigma^*$ is under-predicted to $\sim$ 1.5 standard deviations. We suggest further measurements that have the potential to test the non-equilibrium model, as well as gauge the effect of re-interactions between hadronization and freeze-out.Comment: References added, equations corrected. As accepted for publication by Journal of Physics

Do we know more about hypertension in Poland after the May Measurement Month 2017?-Europe

Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a worldwide burden, leading to over 10 million deaths yearly. May Measurement Month (MMM) is a global initiative organized by the International Society of Hypertension aimed at raising awareness of hypertension and the need for BP screening. An opportunistic cross-sectional survey of volunteers aged ≥18 was carried out in May 2017. BP measurement, the definition of hypertension and statistical analysis followed the globally approved MMM17 Study Protocol. In Poland 5834 (98.9%, Caucasian) individuals were screened. After multiple imputation, 2601 (35.3%) had hypertension. Of individuals not receiving anti-hypertensive medication, 976 (20.6%) were hypertensive. Of individuals receiving anti-hypertensive medication, 532 (49.1%) had uncontrolled BP. In the crude screened group, 81.4% declared to not receive any anti-hypertensive treatment, while the remaining 18.6% were on such medications. In overweight and obese patients both systolic and diastolic BP were significantly higher than in normal weight and underweight subjects. In addition, BP measured on Sundays was significantly lower than on Mondays. MMM17 was one of the largest recent BP screening campaigns in Poland. We found that over 1/3 of participants were hypertensive. Almost half of the treated subjects had uncontrolled BP. These results suggest that opportunistic screening can identify substantial numbers with raised BP

Review of HBT or Bose-Einstein correlations in high energy heavy ion collisions

A brief review is given on the discovery and the first five decades of the Hanbury Brown - Twiss effect and its generalized applications in high energy nuclear and particle physics, that includes a meta-review. Interesting and inspiring new directions are also highlighted, including for example source imaging, lepton and photon interferometry, non-Gaussian shape analysis as well as many other new directions. Existing models are compared to two-particle correlation measurements and the so-called RHIC HBT puzzle is resolved. Evidence for a (directional) Hubble flow is presented and the conclusion is confirmed by a successful description of the pseudorapidity dependence of the elliptic flow as measured in Au+Au collisions by the PHOBOS Collaboration.Comment: 14 pages, 1 figure, 8 sub-figures, invited plenary talk at the ICPA-QGP 2005 conference in Kolkata, Indi

Is it adaptive to disengage from demands of social change? Adjustment to developmental barriers in opportunity-deprived regions

This paper investigates how individuals deal with demands of social and economic change in the domains of work and family when opportunities for their mastery are unfavorable. Theoretical considerations and empirical research suggest that with unattainable goals and unmanageable demands motivational disengagement and self-protective cognitions bring about superior outcomes than continued goal striving. Building on research on developmental deadlines, this paper introduces the concept of developmental barriers to address socioeconomic conditions of severely constrained opportunities in certain geographical regions. Mixed-effects methods were used to model cross-level interactions between individual-level compensatory secondary control and regional-level opportunity structures in terms of social indicators for the economic prosperity and family friendliness. Results showed that disengagement was positively associated with general life satisfaction in regions that were economically devastated and has less than average services for families. In regions that were economically well off and family-friendly, the association was negative. Similar results were found for self-protection concerning domain-specific satisfaction with life. These findings suggest that compensatory secondary control can be an adaptive way of mastering a demand when primary control is not possible

Space-time analysis of reaction at RHIC

Space-time information about the Au-Au collisions produced at RHIC are key tools to understand the evolution of the system and especially assess the presence of collective behaviors. Using a parameterization of the system's final state relying on collective expansion, we show that pion source radii can be tied together with transverse mass spectra and elliptic flow within the same framework. The consistency between these different measures provide a solid ground to understand the characteristics of collective flow and especially the possible peculiar behavior of particles such as Xi, Omega or phi. The validity of the short time scales that are extracted from fits to the pion source size is also addressed. The wealth of new data that will soon be available from Au-Au collisions at sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200 GeV, will provide a stringet test of the space-time analysis framework developped in these proceedings.Comment: Invited talk given at the SQM2003 conference (March 2003), to be published in Journal of Physics G. 10 pages, 3 figure

Canonical Strangeness and Distillation Effects in Hadron Production

Strangeness canonical ensemble for Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics is reconsidered for excited nuclear systems with non-vanishing net strangeness. A new recurrence relation method is applied to find the partition function. The method is first generalized to the case of quantum strangeness canonical ensemble. Uncertainties in calculation of the K+/pi+ excitation function are discussed. A new scenario based on the strangeness distillation effect is put forward for a possible explanation of anomalous strangeness production observed at the bombarding energy near 30 AGeV. The peaked maximum in the K+/pi+ ratio is considered as a sign of the critical end-point reached in evolution of the system rather than a latent heat jump emerging from the onset of the first order deconfinement phase transition.Comment: 20 pages, 2 figures; typos corrected, 2 references added, minor corrections in text and figure