Human Papillomavirus Genotype Distribution in Czech Women and Men with Diseases Etiologically Linked to HPV

The HPV prevalence and genotype distribution are important for the estimation of the impact of HPV-based cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination on the incidence of diseases etiologically linked to HPVs. The HPV genotype distribution varies across different geographical regions. Therefore, we investigated the type-specific HPV prevalence in Czech women and men with anogenital diseases.We analyzed 157 squamous cell carcinoma samples, 695 precancerous lesion samples and 64 cervical, vulvar and anal condylomata acuminate samples. HPV detection and typing were performed by PCR with GP5+/6+ primers, reverse line blot assay and sequencing. samples. HPV types 6 and/or 11 were detected in 84% samples of condylomata acuminate samples.The prevalence of vaccinal and related HPV types in patients with HPV-associated diseases in the Czech Republic is very high. We may assume that the implementation of routine vaccination against HPV would greatly reduce the burden of HPV-associated diseases in the Czech Republic

Sporadic deficient mismatch repair in colorectal cancer increases the risk for non-colorectal malignancy : a European multicenter cohort study

Background and Objectives: Disparities between tumors arising via different sporadic carcinogenetic pathways have not been studied systematically. This retrospective multicenter cohort study evaluated the differences in the risk for non-colorectal malignancy between sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients from different DNA mismatch repair status. Methods: A retrospective European multicenter cohort study including in total of 1706 CRC patients treated between 1996 and 2019 in three different countries. The proficiency (pMMR) or deficiency (dMMR) of mismatch repair was determined by immunohistochemistry. Cases were analyzed for tumor BRAFV600E mutation, and BRAF mutated tumors were further analyzed for hypermethylation status in the promoter region of MLH1 to distinguish between sporadic and hereditary cases. Swedish and Finish patients were matched with their respective National Cancer Registries. For the Czech cohort, thorough scrutiny of medical files was performed to identify any non-colorectal malignancy within 20 years before or after the diagnosis of CRC. Poisson regression analysis was performed to identify the incidence rates of non-colorectal malignancies. For validation purposes, standardized incidence ratios were calculated for the Swedish cases adjusted for age, year, and sex. Results: Of the 1706 CRC patients included in the analysis, 819 were female [48%], median age at surgery was 67 years [interquartile range: 60–75], and sporadic dMMR was found in 188 patients (11%). Patients with sporadic dMMR CRC had a higher incidence rate ratio (IRR) for non-colorectal malignancy before and after diagnosis compared to patients with a pMMR tumor, in both uni- (IRR = 2.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.89–3.31, p = 0.003) and multivariable analysis (IRR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.67–3.01, p = 0.004). This association applied whether or not the non-colorectal tumor developed before or after the diagnosis of CRC in both uni- (IRR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.28–2.98, p = 0.004), (IRR = 2.45, 95% CI = 1.72–3.49, p = 0.004) and multivariable analysis (IRR = 1.67,95% CI = 1.05–2.65, p = 0.029), (IRR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.63–3.42, p = 0.005), respectively. Conclusion: In this retrospective European multicenter cohort study, patients with sporadic dMMR CRC had a higher risk for non-colorectal malignancy than those with pMMR CRC. These findings indicate the need for further studies to establish the need for and design of surveillance strategies for patients with dMMR CRC

Sporadic deficient mismatch repair in colorectal cancer increases the risk for non-colorectal malignancy : a European multicenter cohort study

Background and Objectives: Disparities between tumors arising via different sporadic carcinogenetic pathways have not been studied systematically. This retrospective multicenter cohort study evaluated the differences in the risk for non-colorectal malignancy between sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients from different DNA mismatch repair status. Methods: A retrospective European multicenter cohort study including in total of 1706 CRC patients treated between 1996 and 2019 in three different countries. The proficiency (pMMR) or deficiency (dMMR) of mismatch repair was determined by immunohistochemistry. Cases were analyzed for tumor BRAFV600E mutation, and BRAF mutated tumors were further analyzed for hypermethylation status in the promoter region of MLH1 to distinguish between sporadic and hereditary cases. Swedish and Finish patients were matched with their respective National Cancer Registries. For the Czech cohort, thorough scrutiny of medical files was performed to identify any non-colorectal malignancy within 20 years before or after the diagnosis of CRC. Poisson regression analysis was performed to identify the incidence rates of non-colorectal malignancies. For validation purposes, standardized incidence ratios were calculated for the Swedish cases adjusted for age, year, and sex. Results: Of the 1706 CRC patients included in the analysis, 819 were female [48%], median age at surgery was 67 years [interquartile range: 60–75], and sporadic dMMR was found in 188 patients (11%). Patients with sporadic dMMR CRC had a higher incidence rate ratio (IRR) for non-colorectal malignancy before and after diagnosis compared to patients with a pMMR tumor, in both uni- (IRR = 2.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.89–3.31, p = 0.003) and multivariable analysis (IRR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.67–3.01, p = 0.004). This association applied whether or not the non-colorectal tumor developed before or after the diagnosis of CRC in both uni- (IRR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.28–2.98, p = 0.004), (IRR = 2.45, 95% CI = 1.72–3.49, p = 0.004) and multivariable analysis (IRR = 1.67,95% CI = 1.05–2.65, p = 0.029), (IRR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.63–3.42, p = 0.005), respectively. Conclusion: In this retrospective European multicenter cohort study, patients with sporadic dMMR CRC had a higher risk for non-colorectal malignancy than those with pMMR CRC. These findings indicate the need for further studies to establish the need for and design of surveillance strategies for patients with dMMR CRC

Comparison of overall and type-specific HPV prevalence between CIN1 and SCC, CIN2 and SCC, and CIN3 and SCC cases.

<p>95%CI = 95% confidence interval, RR =  relative risk, P =  probability.</p><p>**all HPV types detected (LR and HR).</p><p>***all HR HPV types detected.</p><p>****HR HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 56, and 58.</p

Cumulative percentages of cancer cases of women and men in the Czech Republic.

<p>Cumulative percentages of cervical (A), vulvar (B) and anal (C) cancer cases in women and men occurring every year in the Czech Republic that are attributed to eight most prevalent HPV types (990, 189 and 121 incident cancer cases, respectively). (Sdapted from Munoz, 2004)[46].</p

HPV prevalence in carcinomas of different anatomical locations.

<p>SCC = squamous cell cervical carcinoma, VC = vulvar carcinoma, AC = squamous cell anal carcinoma.</p>#<p>samples HPV 16 and/or 18 positive.</p><p>*samples which do not contain HPV 16 and/or 18.</p><p>**samples which do not contain HPV 16 and/or 18 and/or 31 and/or 45.</p><p>***samples which do not contain HPV 16 and/or 18.</p

HPV prevalence in condyloma acuminata of different anatomical locations.

<p>VCA  =  vulvar condyloma acuminatum, ACA  =  anal condyloma acuminatum.</p>#<p>samples HPV 16 and/or 18 positive.</p><p>*samples which do not contain HPV 16 and/or 18.</p><p>**samples which do not contain HPV 16 and/or 18 and/or 31 and/or 45.</p><p>***samples which do not contain HPV 16 and/or 18.</p

HPV prevalence in precancerous lesions of different anatomical locations.

<p>CIN1 = cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1, CIN2/3 =  cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 and 3, VIN = vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia.</p>#<p>samples HPV 16 and/or 18 positive.</p><p>*samples which do not contain HPV 16 and/or 18.</p><p>**samples which do not contain HPV 16 and/or 18 and/or 31 and/or 45.</p><p>***samples which do not contain HPV 16 and/or 18.</p

Reimagining Athletic Nudity: The Sexualization of Sport as a Sign of a ‘Porno-ization’ of Culture

This paper traces some historical and contemporary instances in which sporting and other bodies naked physiques have been utilized to affect religious, social, ideological, or political agendas. We argue inherent aesthetic values of performative flesh have been lost (or minimized) in recent times which have, intentionally or otherwise, degraded, and objectified the naked body. To satisfy society’s insatiable consumer needs and desires, bodies, especially sporting bodies, have been sexualized to the extreme. This overt sexualization is symptomatic of a wider porno-ization of Western (North American and European) culture and cultural products. Porno-ization (characterized by exploitative modes of production for pecuniary gain) has limited our contemporary readings, and respect for, the body and its educational, transformative, artistic, and emancipatory potential. Tentative though our theorization may be, we call readers to appreciate athletic nudity anew; to reimagine the eroticism of sporting bodies in cultural and aesthetic terms, akin to artistic appreciation, rather, than as provocative objects of sports’ capitalistic desires