Inseguridad laboral y compromiso organizativo

Este artículo versa sobre la relación entre inseguridad laboral y compromiso organizativo. El análisis contempla medidas tanto subjetivas como objetivas para hacer frente a la inseguridad laboral y distingue entre los componentes cognitivo y afectivo de la dimensión subjetiva. Por lo que al compromiso organizativo se refiere, se distingue entre el compromiso de valor y la disposición a mantener la organización laboral. Las bases empíricas del análisis corresponden a datos de encuestas realizadas en Suecia entre los años 2010 y 2011. Algunos de los resultados reflejan lo esperado: el riesgo que percibimos de perder nuestro empleo se asocia con un menor compromiso de valor, así como con una inclinación inferior a permanecer en la empresa, mientras que el comportamiento opuesto surge de la satisfacción con la seguridad laboral. Otros resultados son más destacables: el aumento de las cifras de desempleo, de contratos de empleo temporal y del miedo a perder un trabajo se vinculan con un mayor compromiso de valor. La ansiedad que produce el miedo a perder un empleo se traduce en el deseo de mantenerlo. Los resultados indican asimismo que la inseguridad puede contribuir a que la gente valore más su empleo y su lugar de trabaj

The Ghent system in transition: unions’ evolving role in Sweden’s multi-pillar unemployment benefit system

This article discusses the multi-faceted and changing role played by trade unions in providing unemployment benefits in Sweden, a country using the so-called Ghent system. As an important institutional feature explaining the high rate of unionisation in the Nordics, the system has been much debated. This article provides a comprehensive account of the retrenchment of the state unemployment benefit system (UBS) and the development of occupational and private UBS pillarsproviding complementary protection. It also introduces an ongoing reform discussion where the social partners are proposed to govern the unemployment insurance system via collective agreements, while retaining the union-linked insurance funds. The core institutional feature of the Ghent system – voluntary membership of a union-linked insurance fund – is turning out to be highly resilient despite frequent attempts to weaken the union power stemming from it. However, the system’s role in providing unemployment protection has changed due to its development into a multi-pillar structure, meaning that its future prospects are uncertain

Factors Affecting Prolonged Working Life for the Older Workforce: the Swedish Case

The aim of this paper is to uncover some of the mechanisms that could make the older workforce willing and able to stay employed. Our focus is on work-related factors that predict the probability of staying in employment despite entitlement to old-age pension. The analyses are based on data from the first and second waves of the Panel Survey of Ageing and the Elderly (PSAE). The focus is on employed persons aged 52–59 years in 2002/2003 and the probability that they were still employed in 2010/2011.The analysis focuses on the work situation for the respondents in 2002–2003. Our analysis shows that physical job demands (negatively) and job satisfaction (positively) have an effect on the probability of staying. However, a counteracting force seems to be a norm to quit related to aging, emphasized by the institutionalized pension system, and the values and preferences connected to life as a pensioner

Temporary Employment and the Future Labor Market Status

The aim of this article is to describe and explain the development of temporary employment in Sweden between 1992 and 2010, and to investigate the effect of temporary employment for individuals’ future career on the labor market. The article analyzes temporary employees’ status transitions on the labor market using Swedish Labour Force Survey (LFS) data for the period 1992–2010. Each cohort consists of 2-year panels and focuses on changes between the first and last measuring points. The findings indicate that the specific type of temporary employment is crucial as regards whether or not it constitutes a stepping-stone toward permanent employment. The chances are greater in the case of, for example, substitutes, but are considerably less in the case of on-call employment. Certain types of temporary employment thus seem to be used by the employer to screen the employability of the employee, while others are used for achieving flexibilit

Surface integrity investigations for prediction of fatigue properties after machining of alloy 718

Fatigue performance is crucial for gas turbine components, and it is greatly affected by the manufacturing processes. Ability to predict the expected fatigue life of a component based on surface integrity has been the objective in this work, enabling new processing methods. Alloy 718 samples were prepared by different machining setups, evaluated in fatigue testing and surface integrity investigations. These results generated two predictive statistical multi-variate regression models. The fatigue correlated well with roughness, residual stresses and deformation. The two models showed great potential, which encourages further exploration to fine-tune the procedure for the particular case.The results from this work was granted from the research project G5Demo-2 [2013-04666] and SWE DEMO MOTOR [2015-06047] financed by VINNOVA, Sweden’s innovation agency. Special thanks to GKN Aerospace Sweden AB. The authors also would like to thank the KK- foundation and the SiCoMaP research school

HIV-1 Conserved Mosaics Delivered by Regimens with Integration-deficient, DC-targeting Lentivirus Induce Robust T Cells

Background: To be effective against HIV-1, vaccine-induced T cells must selectively target functionally conserved and, at the same time, protective epitopes present on the majority of currently circulating and reactivated HIV-1 strains, and rapidly reach protective frequencies upon exposure to the virus. Heterologous prime-boost regimens using virally vectored vaccines are currently the most promising strategy towards achieving this goal, nevertheless, induction of robust longterm memory remains challenging. To this end, lentiviral vectors induce high frequencies of memory cells due to their low-inflammatory nature, while typically inducing only low antivector immune responses. Methods: We describe construction of novel candidate vaccines ZVex.tHIVconsv1 and ZVex.tHIVconsv2, which are based on an integration-deficient lentiviral vector platform with preferential transduction of human dendritic cells and express bivalent mosaic of conserved-region T-cell immunogens with a high global HIV-1 match. Results: Each of the two mosaics was individually immunogenic and together in heterologous prime-boost regimens with nonreplicating simian (chimpanzee) adenovirus or non-replicating poxvirus MVA vaccines induced very high frequencies of plurifunctional and broadly cross-reactive T cells in BALB/c and outbred CD1-SWISS mice. Conclusions: These data support further development of this vaccine concept

HIV-1 Conserved Mosaics Delivered by Regimens with Integration-Deficient DC-Targeting Lentiviral Vector Induce Robust T Cells

To be effective against HIV type 1 (HIV-1), vaccine-induced T cells must selectively target epitopes, which are functionally conserved (present in the majority of currently circulating and reactivated HIV-1 strains) and, at the same time, beneficial (responses to which are associated with better clinical status and control of HIV-1 replication), and rapidly reach protective frequencies upon exposure to the virus. Heterologous prime-boost regimens using virally vectored vaccines are currently the most promising vaccine strategies; nevertheless, induction of robust long-term memory remains challenging. To this end, lentiviral vectors induce high frequencies of memory cells due to their low-inflammatory nature, while typically inducing only low anti-vector immune responses. Here, we describe construction of novel candidate vaccines ZVex.tHIVconsv1 and ZVex.tHIVconsv2, which are based on an integration-deficient lentiviral vector platform with preferential transduction of human dendritic cells and express a bivalent mosaic of conserved-region T cell immunogens with a high global HIV-1 match. Each of the two mosaic vaccines was individually immunogenic. When administered together in heterologous prime-boost regimens with chimpanzee adenovirus and/or poxvirus modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vaccines to BALB/c and outbred CD1-Swiss mice, they induced a median frequency of over 6,000 T cells/10^6splenocytes, which were plurifunctional, broadly specific, and cross-reactive. These results support further development of this vaccine concept

HIV-1 Conserved Mosaics Delivered by Regimens with Integration-deficient, DC-targeting Lentivirus Induce Robust T Cells

Background: To be effective against HIV-1, vaccine-induced T cells must selectively target functionally conserved and, at the same time, protective epitopes present on the majority of currently circulating and reactivated HIV-1 strains, and rapidly reach protective frequencies upon exposure to the virus. Heterologous prime-boost regimens using virally vectored vaccines are currently the most promising strategy towards achieving this goal, nevertheless, induction of robust longterm memory remains challenging. To this end, lentiviral vectors induce high frequencies of memory cells due to their low-inflammatory nature, while typically inducing only low antivector immune responses. Methods: We describe construction of novel candidate vaccines ZVex.tHIVconsv1 and ZVex.tHIVconsv2, which are based on an integration-deficient lentiviral vector platform with preferential transduction of human dendritic cells and express bivalent mosaic of conserved-region T-cell immunogens with a high global HIV-1 match. Results: Each of the two mosaics was individually immunogenic and together in heterologous prime-boost regimens with nonreplicating simian (chimpanzee) adenovirus or non-replicating poxvirus MVA vaccines induced very high frequencies of plurifunctional and broadly cross-reactive T cells in BALB/c and outbred CD1-SWISS mice. Conclusions: These data support further development of this vaccine concept