Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Study of the Essential Oils of Schinus longifolia (Lindl.) Speg., Schinus fasciculata (Griseb.) I. M. Johnst., and Schinus areira L.

The essential oil composition from the aerial parts of three Anacardiaceae growing in Bah¨ªa Blanca, Argentina was studied by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The essential oils of S. longifolia and S. fasciculata have been studied for the first time. The major constituents were ¦Á-pinene (46.5%), ¦Â-pinene (15.1%) and ¦Á-phellandrene (10.1%) for S. longifolia and limonene (10.9%), ¦Â-phellandrene (6.16%) and ¦Á-phellandrene (5.6%) for S. fasciculata. The major components of the essential oil of S. areira were limonene (28.6%), ¦Á-phellandrene (10.1%), sabinene (9.2%) and camphene (9.2%) differing from the literature data. The essential oils from S. areira and S. longifolia exhibited a high biotoxicity in a brine shrimp assay with Artemia persimilis.Fil: Murray, Ana Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Química del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Química. Instituto de Química del Sur; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Química. Instituto de Investigaciones en Química Orgánica; ArgentinaFil: Frontera, Maria Eugenia. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Química. Instituto de Investigaciones en Química Orgánica; ArgentinaFil: Tomas, María A.. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Química. Instituto de Investigaciones en Química Orgánica; ArgentinaFil: Mulet, María Cristina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Química. Instituto de Investigaciones en Química Orgánica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Química del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Química. Instituto de Química del Sur; Argentin

Enhancement of quality of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) flesh incorporating barley on diet without negative effect on rearing parameters

[EN] Barley concentrations ranging from 0 to 32% (0B, 40B, 80B, 160B, and 319B) were incorporated into rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) diets. The experiment started with an initial average fish weight of 127.72 +/- 5.65 g and finished when they reached commercial weight (final weight between 312 and 330 g) after 84 days. The inclusion of barley in the diets did not show a significant effect on growth and biometric parameters, fat and carbohydrate digestibilities; however, protein digestibility decreased significantly with the incorporation of barley on diets. Glucose levels increased significantly with barley concentration in the diet, and lactate and cortisol levels were also significantly affected after a stress period regardless of the diet. Meat quality was influenced as well by barley concentration. Lower water activity values and an enhancement in textural and color properties were observed in fish fed with the diet containing the highest barley concentration. Trout fed feed with higher concentrations of barley (160B) showed lower lipid oxidation levels than those fed with lower concentrations (control and 40B). The sensory panel found that fish fed with diets higher than 8% in barley content (80B) exhibited a brighter red color in the gills and a better texture; also, meat color became redder with a higher barley inclusion (160B and 319B), being all these sensory parameters correlated with fish freshness. Thus, results indicate that barley can be substituted for wheat fraction without any detrimental effect on production efficiency and enhancing fish quality.This work has been co-funded with FEDER and INIA funds. The authors thanks Dr. Francisco Ciudad Bautista for providing barley variety obtained in ITACyL, IRTA, EEDF-CSIC, ITAP, and INIA (1FD97-0792 and RTA2006-00020-C04). Julia Pinedo has been granted with the FPI-INIA grant number 21 (call 2012, BOE-2012-13337).Pinedo-Gil, J.; Tomas-Vidal, A.; Larrán-García, AM.; Tomas-Almenar, C.; Jover Cerda, M.; Sanz-Calvo, M.; Martín-Diana, A. (2017). Enhancement of quality of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) flesh incorporating barley on diet without negative effect on rearing parameters. Aquaculture International. 25(3):1005-1023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-016-0091-010051023253A.O.A.C., Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1990) Official methods of analysis, 15th edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington 1298 ppAi Q, Mai K, Zhang L, Tan B, Zhang W, Xu W, Li H (2007) Effects of dietary β-1,3- glucan on innate immune response on large yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena crocea. Fish Shellfish Immun 22:394–402APROMAR 2014 La acuicultura en España 2013. Report by the Spanish Association of marine Aquaculture (APROMAR) and the Spanish Association of Freshwater Aquaculture (ESCUA). 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Fatty Acid Signatures in Different Tissues of Mediterranean Yellowtail, Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810), Fed Diets Containing Different Levels of Vegetable and Fish Oils

[EN] The study aimed to evaluate how replacing different proportions of fish oil (FO) with vegetable oils (VO) in the diet of Mediterranean yellowtail, Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810), affects the fatty acids (FA) signature, i.e.; overall FA profile, in different tissues. A total of 225 Mediterranean yellowtail juveniles (initial live weight: 176 ± 3.62 g) were fed for 109 days with one of three diets: A control diet (FO 100), with FO as the only lipid source, or diets with 75% and 100% of FO replaced with a VO mixture. At the end of the feeding trial, the brains, muscles, livers, and visceral fat were sampled in four fish per tank (12 per treatment), and their fat were extracted and used for FA analysis. The FA signatures of red and white muscle, liver, and visceral fat tissues changed when the dietary FA source changed, whereas FA signatures in the brain were rather robust to such dietary changes. These new insights might help evaluate whether key physiological functions are preserved when fish are fed diets with low FO levels, as well as define the dietary FA requirements of Mediterranean yellowtail to improve the sustainability of the production and welfare of the fish.The Ph.D. grant held by Francesco Bordignon is funded by the ECCEAQUA project (MIUR; CUP: C26C18000030004).Bordignon, F.; Tomas-Vidal, A.; Trocino, A.; Milián-Sorribes, MC.; Jover Cerda, M.; Martínez-Llorens, S. (2020). Fatty Acid Signatures in Different Tissues of Mediterranean Yellowtail, Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810), Fed Diets Containing Different Levels of Vegetable and Fish Oils. Animals. 10(2):1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10020198S116102Matsunari, H., Hashimoto, H., Oda, K., Masuda, Y., Imaizumi, H., Teruya, K., … Mushiake, K. (2012). Effects of docosahexaenoic acid on growth, survival and swim bladder inflation of larval amberjack (Seriola dumerili, Risso). 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Optimum digestible protein and energy levels and ratio for greater amberjack Seriola dumerili (Risso) fingerling. Aquaculture Research, 37(15), 1532-1539. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2006.01590.xVidal, A. T., De la Gándara García, F., Gómez, A. G., & Cerdá, M. J. (2008). Effect of the protein/energy ratio on the growth of Mediterranean yellowtail (Seriola dumerili). Aquaculture Research, 39(11), 1141-1148. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2008.01975.xPapadakis, I. E., Chatzifotis, S., Divanach, P., & Kentouri, M. (2007). Weaning of greater amberjack (Seriola dumerilii Risso 1810) juveniles from moist to dry pellet. Aquaculture International, 16(1), 13-25. doi:10.1007/s10499-007-9118-xHaouas, W. G., Zayene, N., Guerbej, H., Hammami, M., & Achour, L. (2010). Fatty acids distribution in different tissues of wild and reared Seriola dumerili. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 45(7), 1478-1485. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2010.02292.xMonge-Ortiz, R., Tomás-Vidal, A., Rodriguez-Barreto, D., Martínez-Llorens, S., Pérez, J. A., Jover-Cerdá, M., & Lorenzo, A. (2017). Replacement of fish oil with vegetable oil blends in feeds for greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) juveniles: Effect on growth performance, feed efficiency, tissue fatty acid composition and flesh nutritional value. Aquaculture Nutrition, 24(1), 605-615. doi:10.1111/anu.12595Mourente, G., Tocher, D. R., & Sargent, J. R. (1991). Specific accumulation of docosahexaenoic acid (22∶6n−3) in brain lipids during development of juvenile turbotScophthalmus maximus L. Lipids, 26(11), 871-877. doi:10.1007/bf02535970Sargent, J., Bell, G., McEvoy, L., Tocher, D., & Estevez, A. (1999). Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish. Aquaculture, 177(1-4), 191-199. doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(99)00083-6Tocher, D. R., & Harvie, D. G. (1988). Fatty acid compositions of the major phosphoglycerides from fish neural tissues; (n−3) and (n−6) polyunsaturated fatty acids in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and cod (Gadus morhua) brains and retinas. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 5(4), 229-239. doi:10.1007/bf01874800Bell, J. G., Castell, J. D., Tocher, D. R., MacDonald, F. M., & Sargent, J. R. (1995). Effects of different dietary arachidonic acid : docosahexaenoic acid ratios on phospholipid fatty acid compositions and prostaglandin production in juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 14(2), 139-151. doi:10.1007/bf00002457Sargent, J. R., McEvoy, L. A., & Bell, J. G. (1997). Requirements, presentation and sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids in marine fish larval feeds. Aquaculture, 155(1-4), 117-127. doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(97)00122-1Tocher, D. R., & Ghioni, C. (1999). Fatty acid metabolism in marine fish: Low activity of fatty acyl Δ5 desaturation in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) cells. Lipids, 34(5), 433-440. doi:10.1007/s11745-999-0382-8Turchini, G. M., Torstensen, B. E., & Ng, W.-K. (2009). Fish oil replacement in finfish nutrition. Reviews in Aquaculture, 1(1), 10-57. doi:10.1111/j.1753-5131.2008.01001.xIverson, S. J., Field, C., Don Bowen, W., & Blanchard, W. (2004). QUANTITATIVE FATTY ACID SIGNATURE ANALYSIS: A NEW METHOD OF ESTIMATING PREDATOR DIETS. Ecological Monographs, 74(2), 211-235. doi:10.1890/02-4105James Henderson, R., & Tocher, D. R. (1987). The lipid composition and biochemistry of freshwater fish. Progress in Lipid Research, 26(4), 281-347. doi:10.1016/0163-7827(87)90002-6Furuita, H., Takeuchi, T., & Uematsu, K. (1998). Effects of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids on growth, survival and brain development of larval Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Aquaculture, 161(1-4), 269-279. doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(97)00275-5Anderson, G. J., Connor, W. E., & Corliss, J. D. (1990). 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A., Moffat, C. F., Priede, I. G., & Pond, D. W. (2009). Trophic position of deep-sea fish—Assessment through fatty acid and stable isotope analyses. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 56(5), 812-826. doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2008.12.016Budge, S. M., Penney, S. N., & Lall, S. P. (2012). Estimating diets of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) using fatty acid signature analyses; validation with controlled feeding studies. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 69(6), 1033-1046. doi:10.1139/f2012-039Magnone, L., Bessonart, M., Rocamora, M., Gadea, J., & Salhi, M. (2015). Diet estimation of Paralichthys orbignyanus in a coastal lagoon via quantitative fatty acid signature analysis. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 462, 36-49. doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2014.10.008Happel, A., Stratton, L., Pattridge, R., Rinchard, J., & Czesny, S. (2016). Fatty‐acid profiles of juvenile lake trout reflect experimental diets consisting of natural prey. Freshwater Biology, 61(9), 1466-1476. doi:10.1111/fwb.12786Benedito-Palos, L., Navarro, J. C., Kaushik, S., & Pérez-Sánchez, J. (2010). Tissue-specific robustness of fatty acid signatures in cultured gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) fed practical diets with a combined high replacement of fish meal and fish oil1. Journal of Animal Science, 88(5), 1759-1770. doi:10.2527/jas.2009-2564O’Fallon, J. V., Busboom, J. R., Nelson, M. L., & Gaskins, C. T. (2007). A direct method for fatty acid methyl ester synthesis: Application to wet meat tissues, oils, and feedstuffs. Journal of Animal Science, 85(6), 1511-1521. doi:10.2527/jas.2006-491Tocher, D. R. (2010). Fatty acid requirements in ontogeny of marine and freshwater fish. Aquaculture Research, 41(5), 717-732. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2008.02150.xIshizaki, Y., Masuda, R., Uematsu, K., Shimizu, K., Arimoto, M., & Takeuchi, T. (2001). The effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on schooling behaviour and brain development in larval yellowtail. Journal of Fish Biology, 58(6), 1691-1703. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2001.tb02323.xFuruita, H., Takeuchi, T., Watanabe, T., Fujimoto, H., Sekiya, S., & Imaizumi, K. (1996). Requirements of Larval Yellowtail for Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Docosahexaenoic Acid, and n-3 Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acid. Fisheries science, 62(3), 372-379. doi:10.2331/fishsci.62.372Masuda, R., Takeuchi, T., Tsukamoto, K., Sato, H., Shimizu, K., & Imaizumi, K. (1999). Incorporation of Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid into the Central Nervous System of the Yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata. Brain, Behavior and Evolution, 53(4), 173-179. doi:10.1159/000006592Masuda, R., Takeuchi, T., Tsukamoto, K., Ishizaki, Y., Kanematsu, M., & Imaizum, K. (1998). Critical involvement of dietary docosahexaenoic acid in the ontogeny of schooling behaviour in the yellowtail. Journal of Fish Biology, 53(3), 471-484. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1998.tb00996.xMasuda, R., & Tsukamoto, K. (1999). Environmental Biology of Fishes, 56(1/2), 243-252. doi:10.1023/a:1007565508398Mesa-Rodriguez, A., Hernández-Cruz, C. M., Betancor, M. B., Fernández-Palacios, H., Izquierdo, M. S., & Roo, J. (2017). Effect of increasing docosahexaenoic acid content in weaning diets on survival, growth and skeletal anomalies of longfin yellowtail (Seriola rivoliana,Valenciennes 1833). Aquaculture Research, 49(3), 1200-1209. doi:10.1111/are.13573Nasopoulou, C., & Zabetakis, I. (2012). Benefits of fish oil replacement by plant originated oils in compounded fish feeds. A review. LWT, 47(2), 217-224. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2012.01.018Bowyer, J. N., Qin, J. G., Smullen, R. P., & Stone, D. A. J. (2012). Replacement of fish oil by poultry oil and canola oil in yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) at optimal and suboptimal temperatures. Aquaculture, 356-357, 211-222. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.05.014Bell, J. G., Strachan, F., Good, J. E., & Tocher, D. R. (2006). Effect of dietary echium oil on growth, fatty acid composition and metabolism, gill prostaglandin production and macrophage activity in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.). Aquaculture Research, 37(6), 606-617. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2006.01470.xStoknes, I. S., Økland, H. M. W., Falch, E., & Synnes, M. (2004). Fatty acid and lipid class composition in eyes and brain from teleosts and elasmobranchs. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 138(2), 183-191. doi:10.1016/j.cbpc.2004.03.009Rodríguez-Barreto, D., Jerez, S., Cejas, J. R., Martin, M. V., Acosta, N. G., Bolaños, A., & Lorenzo, A. (2012). Comparative study of lipid and fatty acid composition in different tissues of wild and cultured female broodstock of greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili). Aquaculture, 360-361, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.07.013Benedito-Palos, L., Navarro, J. C., Sitjà-Bobadilla, A., Gordon Bell, J., Kaushik, S., & Pérez-Sánchez, J. (2008). High levels of vegetable oils in plant protein-rich diets fed to gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.): growth performance, muscle fatty acid profiles and histological alterations of target tissues. British Journal of Nutrition, 100(5), 992-1003. doi:10.1017/s0007114508966071Piedecausa, M. A., Mazón, M. J., García García, B., & Hernández, M. D. (2007). Effects of total replacement of fish oil by vegetable oils in the diets of sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo). Aquaculture, 263(1-4), 211-219. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.09.039Richard, N., Mourente, G., Kaushik, S., & Corraze, G. (2006). Replacement of a large portion of fish oil by vegetable oils does not affect lipogenesis, lipid transport and tissue lipid uptake in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). Aquaculture, 261(3), 1077-1087. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.07.021BOURAOUI, L., SÁNCHEZ-GURMACHES, J., CRUZ-GARCIA, L., GUTIÉRREZ, J., BENEDITO-PALOS, L., PÉREZ-SÁNCHEZ, J., & NAVARRO, I. (2010). Effect of dietary fish meal and fish oil replacement on lipogenic and lipoprotein lipase activities and plasma insulin in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Aquaculture Nutrition, 17(1), 54-63. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2009.00706.xRegost, C., Arzel, J., Robin, J., Rosenlund, G., & Kaushik, S. . (2003). Total replacement of fish oil by soybean or linseed oil with a return to fish oil in turbot (Psetta maxima). Aquaculture, 217(1-4), 465-482. doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(02)00259-4Bell, J. G., McEvoy, J., Tocher, D. R., McGhee, F., Campbell, P. J., & Sargent, J. R. (2001). Replacement of Fish Oil with Rapeseed Oil in Diets of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Affects Tissue Lipid Compositions and Hepatocyte Fatty Acid Metabolism. The Journal of Nutrition, 131(5), 1535-1543. doi:10.1093/jn/131.5.1535Bell, J. G., & Sargent, J. R. (2003). Arachidonic acid in aquaculture feeds: current status and future opportunities. Aquaculture, 218(1-4), 491-499. doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(02)00370-8Torstensen, B. E., Froyland, L., & Lie, O. (2004). Replacing dietary fish oil with increasing levels of rapeseed oil and olive oil - effects on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) tissue and lipoprotein lipid composition and lipogenic enzyme activities. Aquaculture Nutrition, 10(3), 175-192. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2004.00289.xSaito, H. (2012). Lipid characteristics of two subtropical Seriola fishes, Seriola dumerili and Seriola rivoliana, with differences between cultured and wild varieties. Food Chemistry, 135(3), 1718-1729. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.122Rodríguez-Barreto, D., Jerez, S., Cejas, J. R., Martin, M. V., Acosta, N. G., Bolaños, A., & Lorenzo, A. (2015). Effect of different rearing conditions on body lipid composition of greater amberjack broodstock (Seriola dumerili ). Aquaculture Research, 48(2), 505-520. doi:10.1111/are.12898Rodríguez-Barreto, D., Jerez, S., Cejas, J. R., Martin, M. V., Acosta, N. G., Bolaños, A., & Lorenzo, A. (2014). Ovary and egg fatty acid composition of greater amberjack broodstock (Seriola dumerili) fed different dietary fatty acids profiles. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 116(5), 584-595. doi:10.1002/ejlt.201300462O’Neill, B., Le Roux, A., & Hoffman, L. C. (2015). Comparative study of the nutritional composition of wild versus farmed yellowtail (Seriola lalandi). Aquaculture, 448, 169-175. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.05.034Rombenso, A. N., Trushenski, J. T., & Drawbridge, M. (2018). Saturated lipids are more effective than others in juvenile California yellowtail feeds—Understanding and harnessing LC-PUFA sparing for fish oil replacement. Aquaculture, 493, 192-203. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.04.040SENO-O, A., TAKAKUWA, F., HASHIGUCHI, T., MORIOKA, K., MASUMOTO, T., & FUKADA, H. (2008). Replacement of dietary fish oil with olive oil in young yellowtailSeriola quinqueradiata: effects on growth, muscular fatty acid composition and prevention of dark muscle discoloration during refrigerated storage. Fisheries Science, 74(6), 1297-1306. doi:10.1111/j.1444-2906.2008.01655.xFukada, H., Taniguchi, E., Morioka, K., & Masumoto, T. (2017). Effects of replacing fish oil with canola oil on the growth performance, fatty acid composition and metabolic enzyme activity of juvenile yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845). Aquaculture Research, 48(12), 5928-5939. doi:10.1111/are.13416Bergman, A. M., Trushenski, J. T., & Drawbridge, M. (2018). Replacing Fish Oil with Hydrogenated Soybean Oils in Feeds for Yellowtail. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 80(2), 141-152. doi:10.1002/naaq.10015Stuart, K., Johnson, R., Armbruster, L., & Drawbridge, M. (2018). Arachidonic Acid in the Diet of Captive Yellowtail and Its Effects on Egg Quality. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 80(1), 97-106. doi:10.1002/naaq.10003Bell, J. G., McGhee, F., Campbell, P. J., & Sargent, J. R. (2003). Rapeseed oil as an alternative to marine fish oil in diets of post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): changes in flesh fatty acid composition and effectiveness of subsequent fish oil «wash out». Aquaculture, 218(1-4), 515-528. doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(02)00462-3STUBHAUG, I., LIE, Ø., & TORSTENSEN, B. E. (2007). Fatty acid productive value and ?-oxidation capacity in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fed on different lipid sources along the whole growth period. Aquaculture Nutrition, 13(2), 145-155. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2007.00462.xIkemoto, A., Nitta, A., Furukawa, S., Ohishi, M., Nakamura, A., Fujii, Y., & Okuyama, H. (2000). Dietary n-3 fatty acid deficiency decreases nerve growth factor content in rat hippocampus. Neuroscience Letters, 285(2), 99-102. doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(00)01035-1Kitajka, K., Puskas, L. G., Zvara, A., Hackler, L., Barcelo-Coblijn, G., Yeo, Y. K., & Farkas, T. (2002). The role of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in brain: Modulation of rat brain gene expression by dietary n-3 fatty acids. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 99(5), 2619-2624. doi:10.1073/pnas.042698699Kreps, E. ., Chebotarëva, M. ., & Akulin, V. . (1969). Fatty acid composition of brain and body phospholipids of the anadromous salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, From fresh-water and marine habitat. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 31(3), 419-430. doi:10.1016/0010-406x(69)90023-1Caballero, M. ., Obach, A., Rosenlund, G., Montero, D., Gisvold, M., & Izquierdo, M. . (2002). Impact of different dietary lipid sources on growth, lipid digestibility, tissue fatty acid composition and histology of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture, 214(1-4), 253-271. doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(01)00852-3Campos, I., Matos, E., Maia, M. R. G., Marques, A., & Valente, L. M. P. (2019). Partial and total replacement of fish oil by poultry fat in diets for European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles: Effects on nutrient utilization, growth performance, tissue composition and lipid metabolism. Aquaculture, 502, 107-120. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.12.004Pagliarani, A., Pirini, M., Trigari, G., & Ventrella, V. (1986). Effect of diets containing different oils on brain fatty acid composition in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry, 83(2), 277-282. doi:10.1016/0305-0491(86)90366-4Skalli, A., Robin, J. H., Le Bayon, N., Le Delliou, H., & Person-Le Ruyet, J. (2006). Impact of essential fatty acid deficiency and temperature on tissues’ fatty acid composition of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Aquaculture, 255(1-4), 223-232. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.12.00

Random mating and reproductive compatibility among Argentinean and southern Brazilian populations of Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae)

As a prerequisite for area-wide application of the sterile insect technique in an area encompassing northern Argentina and southern Brazil, prezygotic and postzygotic reproductive compatibility among three geographically distant populations in the area was tested. In field cages, sexually mature adults of each population were found to be sexually compatible, mating duration was not affected by fly origin and there was no clear evidence of spatial partition of mating location. In the laboratory, homotypic and heterotypic crosses for all possible combinations displayed similar levels of fertility and yielded F1 adults without distortion of the sex ratio. Finally, F1 hybrid and parental adults produced equally viable F2 eggs. Put together, our results and those from earlier studies suggest that a large area, ranging from Buenos Aires to the surroundings of São Paulo, could be managed using a single A. fraterculus mass-reared strain. At the northern margin of this area, two A. fraterculus morphotypes appear to coexist in sympatry. We delineate future research to further delimit the distribution of the aff1 morphotype (Argentina-southern Brazil) and to gain insight into evolutionary patterns producing divergence and radiation of tropical fruit fly species.Fil: Rull, J.. Instituto de Ecología; MéxicoFil: Abraham, Solana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia. Cátedra Terapéutica Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Kovaleski, A.. Estação Experimental de Vacaria. Embrapa Uva e Vinho; Brasil. International Atomic Energy Agency; AustriaFil: Segura, Diego Fernando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular. Grupo Vinculado Instituto de Genética "Ewald A. Favret" al Iabimo | Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular. Grupo Vinculado Instituto de Genética "Ewald A. Favret" al Iabimo; ArgentinaFil: Islam, A.. International Atomic Energy Agency; AustriaFil: Wornoayporn, V.. International Atomic Energy Agency; AustriaFil: Dammalage, T.. International Atomic Energy Agency; AustriaFil: Tomas, U. Santo. International Atomic Energy Agency; AustriaFil: Vera, María Teresa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia. Cátedra Terapéutica Vegetal; Argentin

Impact of Fishmeal Replacement in Diets for Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) on the Gastrointestinal Microbiota Determined by Pyrosequencing the 16S rRNA Gene

[EN] Recent studies have demonstrated the impact of diet on microbiota composition, but the essential need for the optimization of production rates and costs forces farms and aquaculture production to carry out continuous dietary tests. In order to understand the effect of total fishmeal replacement by vegetable-based feed in the sea bream (Sparus aurata), the microbial composition of the stomach, foregut, midgut and hindgut was analysed using high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing, also considering parameters of growth, survival and nutrient utilisation indices.A total of 91,539 16S rRNA filtered-sequences were analysed, with an average number of 3661.56 taxonomically assigned, high-quality sequences per sample. The dominant phyla throughout the whole gastrointestinal tract were Actinobacteria, Protebacteria and Firmicutes. A lower diversity in the stomach in comparison to the other intestinal sections was observed. The microbial composition of the Recirculating Aquaculture System was totally different to that of the sea bream gastrointestinal tract. Total fishmeal replacement had an important impact on microbial profiles but not on diversity. Streptococcus (p-value: 0.043) and Photobacterium (p-value: 0.025) were highly represented in fish fed with fishmeal and vegetable-meal diets, respectively. In the stomach samples with the vegetable diet, reads of chloroplasts and mitochondria from vegetable dietary ingredients were rather abundant. Principal Coordinate Analysis showed a clear differentiation between diets in the microbiota present in the gut, supporting the presence of specific bacterial consortia associated with the diet.Although differences in growth and nutritive parameters were not observed, a negative effect of the vegetable diet on the survival rate was determined. Further studies are required to shed more light on the relationship between the immune system and sea bream gastrointestinal tract microbiota and should consider the modulation of the microbiota to improve the survival rate and nutritive efficacy when using plant-based diets.Project Name: Aquaculture feed without fishmeal(SP20120603). Grant Numbers: 6.000,00. Funding Institution: Vicerrectorat d'Investigacio, Innovacio i Transferencia - Universitat Politecnica de Valencia. Author who received the funding: ATV. URL of funder: http://www.upv.es/entidades/VIIT/info/indexnormalc.html. The first author was supported by a contract-grant (Contrato Pre-doctoral del Programa para la Formacion de Personal Investigador - FPI) from Programa de Ayudas de Investigacion y Desarrollo (PAID) of Universitat Politecnica de Valencia. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Estruch, G.; Collado Amores, MC.; Peñaranda, D.; Tomas-Vidal, A.; Jover Cerda, M.; Pérez-Martínez, G.; Martínez-Llorens, S. (2015). Impact of Fishmeal Replacement in Diets for Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) on the Gastrointestinal Microbiota Determined by Pyrosequencing the 16S rRNA Gene. PLoS ONE. 10:1-22. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0136389S1221

Mechanisms of Tolerance and Resistance to Chlorhexidine in Clinical Strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae Producers of Carbapenemase: Role of New Type II Toxin-Antitoxin System, PemIK

Although the failure of antibiotic treatment is normally attributed to resistance, tolerance and persistence display a significant role in the lack of response to antibiotics. Due to the fact that several nosocomial pathogens show a high level of tolerance and/or resistance to chlorhexidine, in this study we analyzed the molecular mechanisms associated with chlorhexidine adaptation in two clinical strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae by phenotypic and transcriptomic studies. These two strains belong to ST258-KPC3 (high-risk clone carrying β-lactamase KPC3) and ST846-OXA48 (low-risk clone carrying β-lactamase OXA48). Our results showed that the K. pneumoniae ST258-KPC3CA and ST846-OXA48CA strains exhibited a different behavior under chlorhexidine (CHLX) pressure, adapting to this biocide through resistance and tolerance mechanisms, respectively. Furthermore, the appearance of cross-resistance to colistin was observed in the ST846-OXA48CA strain (tolerant to CHLX), using the broth microdilution method. Interestingly, this ST846-OXA48CA isolate contained a plasmid that encodes a novel type II toxin/antitoxin (TA) system, PemI/PemK. We characterized this PemI/PemK TA system by cloning both genes into the IPTG-inducible pCA24N plasmid, and found their role in persistence and biofilm formation. Accordingly, the ST846-OXA48CA strain showed a persistence biphasic curve in the presence of a chlorhexidine-imipenem combination, and these results were confirmed by the enzymatic assay (WST-1).The State Plan for R+D+I 2013–2016 National Plan for Scientific Research, Technological Development and Innovation 2008–2011 PI16/01163 and PI19/00878ISCIII-Deputy General Directorate for Evaluation and Promotion of Research - European Regional Development Fund “A way of Making Europe” and Instituto de Salud Carlos III FEDER, Spanish Network for the Research in Infectious Diseases REIPI, RD16/0016/0001, RD16/CIII/0004/0002 and RD16/0016/0006The Study Group on Mechanisms of Action and Resistance to Antimicrobials, GEMAR

Influence of diet and feeding strategy on the performance of nitrifying trickling filter, oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) raised in recirculating aquaculture systems

[EN] Gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) was raised in six individual recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) whose bioflters¿ performance was analyzed. Fish were fed with three diferent diets (a control diet, a fshmeal-based diet (FM), and a plant meal-based diet (VM)) and with three diferent feeding strategies (manual feeding to apparent satiation, automatic feeding with restricted ration, and auto-demand feeding). For every combination of diet and feeding strategy, the mean oxygen consumption, ammonia excretion, and ammonia removal rate were determined. Fish fed with the VM diet consumed the most oxygen (20.06±1.80 gO2 consumed kg¿1 day¿1). There were signifcant diferences in ammonia excretion depending on the protein content and protein efciency of the diet, as well as depending on feeding strategy, which in turn afected ammonia removal rates. Fish fed by auto-demand feeders led to the highest mean ammonia removal rate (0.10 gN-TAN removed m¿2 biofltration area day¿1), while not leading to peaks of high ammonia concentration in water, which preserve fsh welfare and growth.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. Research is funded by the national project ¿Design of a recirculating aquaculture system for aquaculture plants (2011¿2014),¿ by the Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain, as well as by a grant financed by Generalitat Valenciana, IDIFEDER/2020/029, and by the project ¿Recirculating aquaculture systems¿ by Universitat Politècnica de València. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Godoy-Olmos, S.; Jauralde García, I.; Monge-Ortiz, R.; Milián Sorribes, MC.; Jover Cerda, M.; Tomas-Vidal, A.; Martínez-Llorens, S. (2022). Influence of diet and feeding strategy on the performance of nitrifying trickling filter, oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) raised in recirculating aquaculture systems. Aquaculture International. 30(2):581-606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-021-00821-358160630

The gut microbiota metabolism of pomegranate or walnut ellagitannins yields two urolithin-metabotypes that correlate with cardiometabolic risk biomarkers: Comparison between normoweight, overweight-obesity and metabolic syndrome.

Background & aims: Urolithins are microbial metabolites produced after consumption of ellagitannincontaining foods such as pomegranates and walnuts. Parallel to isoflavone-metabolizing phenotypes, ellagitannin-metabolizing phenotypes (urolithin metabotypes A, B and 0; UM-A, UM-B and UM-0, respectively) can vary among individuals depending on their body mass index (BMI), but correlations between urolithin metabotypes (UMs) and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors are unexplored. We investigated the association between UMs and CMR factors in individuals with different BMI and health status. Methods: UM was identified using UPLC-ESI-qToF-MS in individuals consuming pomegranate or nuts. The associations between basal CMR factors and the urine urolithin metabolomic signature were explored in 20 healthy normoweight individuals consuming walnuts (30 g/d), 49 healthy overweightobese individuals ingesting pomegranate extract (450 mg/d) and 25 metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients consuming nuts (15 g-walnuts, 7.5 g-hazelnuts and 7.5 g-almonds/d). Results: Correlations between CMR factors and urolithins were found in overweight-obese individuals. Urolithin-A (mostly present in UM-A) was positively correlated with apolipoprotein A-I (P 0.05) and intermediate-HDL-cholesterol (P 0.05) while urolithin-B and isourolithin-A (characteristic from UM-B) were positively correlated with total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol (P 0.001), apolipoprotein B (P 0.01), VLDL-cholesterol, IDL-cholesterol, oxidized-LDL and apolipoprotein B:apolipoprotein A-I ratio (P 0.05). In MetS patients, urolithin-A only correlated inversely with glucose (P 0.05). Statin-treated MetS patients with UM-A showed a lipid profile similar to that of healthy normoweight individuals while a poor response to lipid-lowering therapy was observed in MB patients. Conclusions: UMs are potential CMR biomarkers. Overweight-obese individuals with UM-B are at increased risk of cardiometabolic disease, whereas urolithin-A production could protect against CMR factors. Further research is warranted to explore these associations in larger cohorts and whether the effect of lipidlowering drugs or ellagitannin-consumption on CMR biomarkers depends on individuals' UM

Organic Ingredients as Alternative Protein Sources in the Diet of Juvenile Organic Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

[EN] The use of organic ingredients as a source of protein in aquaculture diets has gained significant attention due to the growing demand for organic seafood products. This study aimed to evaluate the potential for the use of organic ingredients as protein sources in the diet of juvenile organic seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). A total of 486 juvenile seabass with an average weight of 90 g were fed six diets containing varied organic proteins. The control group (CON) was fed a diet with conventional fishmeal from sustainable fisheries as the primary protein source. The other five groups were fed diets with different compositions: organic Iberian pig meal byproduct (IB diet), a combination of organic Iberian pig meal byproduct and insect meal (IB-IN diet), a mix of organic Iberian pig meal byproduct and organic rainbow trout meal byproduct (IB-TR diet), a blend of organic rainbow trout meal byproduct and insect meal (TR-IN), and a mixed diet containing all of these protein sources (MIX diet). Over a 125-day feeding trial, growth performance, feed utilisation, feed digestibility, and histological parameters were assessed. The results showed that the fish fed the control diet had the highest final weight and specific growth rate, followed by the fish fed the TR-IN and IB-TR diets. The IB-TR diet had the highest apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) for protein, while the TR-IN diet had the lowest. Histological analysis revealed that fish fed the control diet had the largest nucleus diameter and hepatocyte diameter. Use of IN seems to penalise performance in several ways. Fish fed diets containing insect meal grew less, and those diets had lower digestibility. Fish fed the TR and IB diets grew at rates near that of the control, and the feed had acceptable digestibility.This project was developed with the collaboration of the Biodiversity Foundation (Spanish Ministry for Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge) through the Pleamar Programme, co-financed by the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF). A full scholarship from the Ministry of Higher Education of the Arab Republic of Egypt funds the researcher Eslam Tefal.Tefal, E.; Jauralde García, I.; Martínez-Llorens, S.; Tomas-Vidal, A.; Milián-Sorribes, MC.; Moyano, FJ.; Peñaranda, D.... (2023). Organic Ingredients as Alternative Protein Sources in the Diet of Juvenile Organic Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Animals. 13(24). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13243816132

Estimation of phosphorous and nitrogen waste in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) diets including different inorganic phosphorous sources

[EN] Aquaculture effluents with high levels of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) contribute to eutrophication in the aquatic ecosystem. The environmental impact of phosphorus and N aquaculture waste may be diminished by modifying diet ingredients that improve phosphorous (P) digestibility, and therefore, reduce the P in metabolic waste. The content of P in fishmeal is high (30 g/kg), but the inclusion of fishmeal in the diet is reducing due to its high costs and limited accessibility; therefore, the addition of an inorganic P source is necessary to ensure a satisfactory level of available P in fish diets. Consequently, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of four different inorganic P sources on P digestibility and excretion in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), as one of the most relevant aquaculture species. Monosodium/monocalcium phosphate with 2% of sodium source presented a P digestibility similar to monoammonium phosphate, but with lower nitrogen and phosphorus excretion into the environment, which is advantageous from a nutritional, environmental and industrial point of view (biofilters and recirculation systems in fish farms). This study was conducted to evaluate the apparent availability and P and N excretion in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using different inorganic phosphorus sources. With this goal, fish (153 +/- 14.1 g) fed four inorganic P sources were assayed: monoammonium phosphate (MAP, NH4H2PO4), monosodium/monocalcium phosphate (SCP-2%, AQphos+, NaH2PO4/Ca(H2PO4)(2)center dot H2O in proportion 12/88), monosodium/monocalcium phosphate (SCP-5%, NaH2PO4/Ca(H2PO4)(2)center dot H2O in proportion 30/70) and monocalcium phosphate (MCP, Ca(H2PO4)(2)center dot H2O). Phosphorus (P) digestibility, in diets that included MAP and SCP-2% as inorganic phosphorus sources, were significantly higher than for SCP-5% and MCP sources. In relation to the P excretion pattern, independent of the diet, a peak at 6 h after feeding was registered, but at different levels depending on inorganic P sources. Fish fed an MAP diet excreted a higher amount of dissolved P in comparison with the rest of the inorganic P sources, although the total P losses were lower in MAP and SCP-2% (33.02% and 28.13, respectively) than in SCP-5% and MCP sources (43.35% and 47.83, respectively). Nitrogen (N) excretion was also studied, and the fish fed an SCP-5% diet provided lower values (15.8%) than MAP (28.0%). When N total wastes were calculated, SCP-2% and SCP-5% showed the lowest values (31.54 and 28.25%, respectively). In conclusion, based on P and N digestibility and excretion, the SCP-2% diet showed the best results from a nutritional and environmental point of view.This study has been developed under the framework of the project entitled "Improvement of the nutritional quality of aquaculture feeds through the incorporation of microalgae hydrolysates enriched in probiotic microorganisms-ALQUABIOTIC," ITC-20181099, corresponding to the FEDER INNTERCONECTA 2018 call, funded by CDTI (Centre for the Development of Industrial Technology), supported by the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and co-financed by FEDER funds (European Regional Development Fund) within the 2014-2020 Intelligent Growth Operational Program.Milián-Sorribes, MC.; Tomas-Vidal, A.; Peñaranda, D.; Carpintero, L.; Mesa, JS.; Dupuy, J.; Donadeu, A.... (2021). Estimation of phosphorous and nitrogen waste in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) diets including different inorganic phosphorous sources. Animals. 11(6):1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11061700S11411