3,098 research outputs found
"Even the dog has Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder" (ADHD) A cross-cultural comparative study of parentsā and teachersā knowledge and attitudes towards ADHD in Scotland and Romania
The aim of this research was to investigate the way in which ADHD is understood and
constructed within Romania and Scotland, comparing and contrasting the discourses that
constitute ADHD within different cultural contexts.Overall, this study employed a mixed
method design based on a concurrent nested approach which was undertaken in 2 phases.
In phase 1, 50 parents, 72 primary school teachers and 48 support staff from Scotland, and 50 parents, 86 primary school teachers and 57 support staff from Romania, completed a self-report questionnaire that measured their knowledge and attitudes towards ADHD. The statistical results showed that, for the knowledge of ADHD test, both sample of parents, teachers and support staff scored the highest at symptoms/diagnosis subscale. Parents,teachers and support staff from the Romanian sample scored the lowest at the treatment subscale whereas the Scottish respondents had difficulties in answering questions about the nature, causes and prognosis of ADHD. In terms of their self-reported attitudes, both samples of Scottish and Romanian parents, teachers and support staff scored the highest on the affective attitude subscale. Scottish teachers and support staff scored the lowest on the
behavioural attitude subscale whereas Romanian teachers and support staff scored the lowest on the cognitive attitude subscale. On the other hand, both samples of Scottish and Romanian parents scored the lowest on the behavioural attitude subscale. These patterns were further explored in phase 2 of the study, where 5 Scottish and Romanian mothers, 3 Scottish and Romanian primary-school teachers and 3 Scottish and Romanian support staff
were selected to take part in a semi-structured interview. Parents, teachers and support staff from both countries responded within a medical model of disability employing themes such as ADHD as a medical condition, the medicalisation of behaviour, behaviour as out of control or the specialness of ADHD. However, participants also adopted a social conceptualisation of ADHD, referring to ADHD as a social phenomenon, resisting medicalisation and describing the educational and medical "wrongs". Reflecting the uncertainty in the field, participantsā conceptualisation of ADHD expanded, modified or even shifted from one perspective to another. The cross-cultural comparisons used the Appadurai's theoretical framework of "scapes" to explain the global nature of ADHD as well as the differences between Scottish and Romanian parents, teachers and support staff
in relation to the three most important results of this study: treatment of ADHD, inclusion of children diagnosed with ADHD in mainstream education and parentsā and teachersā willingness to get involved. The findings have been used to develop a multidisciplinary framework for support, empowering teachers and parents with knowledge of ADHD and improving cross-professional relationships. The fundamental idea of this framework is that it moves beyond the deficit paradigm, helping teachers, parents and stakeholders to be alert and responsive to the various conceptualisations of ADHD and to understand how these schemata have come into existence in specific periods of time and in different cultural contexts
Reconciliation of CDM abundance and in a radiative seesaw model
We reexamine relic abundance of a singlet fermion as a CDM candidate, which
contributes to the neutrino mass generation through radiative seesaw mechanism.
We search solutions for Yukawa couplings and the mass spectrum of relevant
fields to explain neutrino oscillation data. For such solutions, we show that
an abundance of a lightest singlet fermion can be consistent with WMAP data
without conflicting with both bounds of and . This reconciliation does not need any modification of the original
radiative seesaw model other than by specifying flavor structure of Yukawa
couplings and taking account of coannihilation effects.Comment: 16 pages, 2 figures, accepted version for publication
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Long-term stability studies of a semiconductor photoelectrode in three-electrode configuration
Improving the stability of semiconductor materials is one of the major challenges for sustainable and economic photoelectrochemical water splitting. N-terminated GaN nanostructures have emerged as a practical protective layer for conventional high efficiency but unstable Si and III-V photoelectrodes due to their near-perfect conduction band-alignment, which enables efficient extraction of photo-generated electrons, and N-terminated surfaces, which protects against chemical and photo-corrosion. Here, we demonstrate that Pt-decorated GaN nanostructures on an n+-p Si photocathode can exhibit an ultrahigh stability of 3000 h (i.e., over 500 days for usable sunlight ā¼5.5 h per day) at a large photocurrent density (>35 mA cm-2) in three-electrode configuration under AM 1.5G one-sun illumination. The measured applied bias photon-to-current efficiency of 11.9%, with an excellent onset potential of ā¼0.56 V vs. RHE, is one of the highest values reported for a Si photocathode under AM 1.5G one-sun illumination. This study provides a paradigm shift for the design and development of semiconductor photoelectrodes for PEC water splitting: stability is no longer limited by the light absorber, but rather by co-catalyst particles
A possible origin of bimodal duration distribution of gamma-ray bursts
We study the distribution of the durations of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) in the unified model of short and long GRBs recently proposed by Yamazaki, Ioka, and Nakamura. Monte Carlo simulations show clear bimodal distributions,
with lognormal-like shapes for both short and long GRBs, in a power law as well as a Gaussian angulardistr ibution of the subjets. We find that the bimodality comes from the existence of the discrete emission regions (subjets or patchy shells) in the GRB jet
Effects of Surface Roughness on the Electrochemical Reduction of COā over Cu
We have investigated the role of surface roughening on the COā reduction reaction (COāRR) over Cu. The activity and product selectivity of Cu surfaces roughened by plasma pretreatment in Ar, Oā, or Nā were compared with that of electrochemically polished Cu samples. Differences in total and product current densities, the ratio of current densities for HER (the hydrogen evolution reaction) to COāRR, and the ratio of current densities for Cāā to Cā products depend on the electrochemically active surface and are nearly independent of plasma composition. Theoretical analysis of an electropolished and roughened Cu surface reveals a higher fraction of undercoordinated Cu sites on the roughened surface, sites that bind CO preferentially. Roughened surfaces also contain square sites similar to those on a Cu(100) surface but with neighboring step sites, which adsorb OCāCOH, a precursor to Cāā products. These findings explain the increases in the formation of oxygenates and hydrocarbons relative to CO and the ratio of oxygenates to hydrocarbons observed with increasing surface roughness
Neutrino masses and terms in a supersymmetric extra U(1) model
We propose a supersymmetric extra U(1) model, which can generate small
neutrino masses and necessary terms, simultaneously. Fields including
quarks and leptons are embedded in three s of in a different
way among generations. The model has an extra U(1) gauge symmetry at TeV
regions, which has discriminating features from other models studied
previously. Since a neutrino mass matrix induced in the model has a constrained
texture with limited parameters, it can give a prediction. If we impose
neutrino oscillation data to fix those parameters, a value of
can be determined. We also discuss several phenomenological features which are
discriminated from the ones of the MSSM.Comment: 27 pages, 2 figures, final version for publicatio
Uni-directional transport properties of a serpent billiard
We present a dynamical analysis of a classical billiard chain -- a channel
with parallel semi-circular walls, which can serve as a model for a bended
optical fiber. An interesting feature of this model is the fact that the phase
space separates into two disjoint invariant components corresponding to the
left and right uni-directional motions. Dynamics is decomposed into the jump
map -- a Poincare map between the two ends of a basic cell, and the time
function -- traveling time across a basic cell of a point on a surface of
section. The jump map has a mixed phase space where the relative sizes of the
regular and chaotic components depend on the width of the channel. For a
suitable value of this parameter we can have almost fully chaotic phase space.
We have studied numerically the Lyapunov exponents, time auto-correlation
functions and diffusion of particles along the chain. As a result of a
singularity of the time function we obtain marginally-normal diffusion after we
subtract the average drift. The last result is also supported by some
analytical arguments.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figure (19 .(e)ps files
Does body contouring after bariatric weight loss enhance quality of life? A systematic review of QOL studies
Massive weight loss following bariatric surgery can result in excess tissue, manifesting as large areas of redundant skin that can be managed by body contouring surgery. This study aims to quantify the effects of body contouring surgery on indicators of quality of life in post-bariatric patients. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature revealed on indices of quality of life in post-bariatric patients, before and after body contouring surgery. Body contouring surgery resulted in statistically significant improvements in physical functioning, psychological wellbeing and social functioning, as well as a reduction in BMI. Body contouring surgery offers a strategy to improve quality of life in patients suffering from the functional and psychosocial consequences of excess skin after bariatric surgery
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