Simulation of finding a computer position in Internet

V bakalářské práci je probírána problematika přenosu multimediálních dat pomocí protokolu RTP/RTCP s hierarchickou sumarizací. V dalších částích práce je vysvětlen princip a využití tohoto přenosu pomocí stromové struktury. Na závěr je uveden popis aplikace, která vznikla jako simulátor prostředí využívající stromovou strukturu. Pro nejlepší výsledky simulace je používán algoritmus nazvaný „binning“. Aplikace má grafický vzhled, takže není složité se s ní naučit pracovat. V přílohách jsou obrázky grafického prostředí a zdrojový kód aplikace.This bachelor’s thesis puts mind to problematic transmission multimedia data via RTP/RTCP protocol with hierarchical aggregation. In next parts of thesis are explaining design principle and use this transmission via tree structure. In last part is description application in which the simulation ambient uses tree structure. For best results of simulation is use algorithm called “binning”. Application has graphic interface, so that easy manipulation with it. In insertion are pictures and application code.

Analysis of sensory and toxicologically important compounds in beer

Jednou z nejvýznamnějších skupin toxikologicky významných látek v pivu jsou N-nitrosaminy. V této práci byla pozornost zaměřena zejména na netěkavé nitroso sloučeniny, jejichž koncentrace v pivu, chemická struktura a biologický účinek nejsou dosud známy. Z důvodu nedostatku znalostí o této skupině látek byla vyvinuta metoda pro jejich citlivou detekci prostřednictvím chemiluminiscenčního detektoru po plynově chromatografické separaci. Tato metoda zároveň umožňuje klasifikovat detekované nitroso sloučeniny do různých skupin (N-nitroso, C-nitroso a kombinace C-nitroso a nitro) a odlišit je od interferencí. Metoda využívá záznamu pyrolyzních profilů jednotlivých chromatografických píků, které jsou zpracovány pomocí diskriminační analýzy. Metoda byla vyvíjena za účelem nalezení a strukturní identifikace těchto dosud neznámých látek. Její aplikace na uměle nitrosovaný vzorek piva spolu s plynově chromatografickou analýzou s tandemovou hmotnostní detekcí vedl k strukturní identifikaci několika zástupců nitroso sloučenin. Senzoricky aktivní látky v této práci zastupují karbonylové sloučeniny a mastné kyseliny. Karbonylové sloučeniny - furfural a hydroxymethylfurfural - byly využity při vývoji mobilní, jednoduché, rychlé a objektivní metody pro in situ stanovení intenzity staré chuti piva, která je odrazem...One of the most relevant group of toxicologically significant compounds in beer are N-nitrosamines. In this thesis, the attention was paid especially on non-volatile nitroso compounds whose concentrations in beer, a chemical structure, and a biological effect has not been known yet. For the reason of the lack of knowledge regarding this compound group, the method for their sensitive detection by chemiluminescence detection after gas chromatographic separation was developed. This method permits a classification of detected nitroso compounds to different groups (N-nitroso, C-nitroso, and combination of C-nitroso and nitro) and distinguish them from interferences. The method is based on recording of a pyrolytic profile of each chromatographic peak, the profiles are then processed by discriminant analysis. The method has been developed for finding and structural identification purposes of these unknown compounds. Its application on an artificially nitrosated beer sample, together with gas chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric analysis, led to structural identification of several representatives of nitroso compounds. Sensory active compounds in this thesis are represented by carbonyl compounds and fatty acids. Carbonyl compounds - furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural - were used during the development...Katedra analytické chemieDepartment of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of SciencePřírodovědecká fakult

Wireless Sensor Network Simulation Model in J-Sim Tool

Diplomová práce se zabývá problematikou bezdrátových senzorových sítí a jejich komunikačními protokoly. Je postupně vysvětleno, z čeho je síť složena, na jakých standardech je postavena a v jakých odvětvích se nejčastěji používá. Hlavní náplní práce je seznámení s lokalizačními algoritmy, používaných ve WSN. Algoritmy jsou přehledně rozděleny do skupin podle používaných metod. V práci je dále vedena a popsána struktura použitého simulačního nástroje J-Sim, pomocí kterého bude vytvořena bezdrátová senzorová síť. Na vytvořenou síť pak budou aplikovány jednotlivé lokalizační algoritmy, které musejí být nejprve implementovány do simulátoru pomocí Java kódu. Veškeré vytvořené třídy a samotné algoritmy, jsou v práci podrobně popsány. Výsledky simulací jsou detailně a graficky zobrazeny u jednotlivých lokalizačních algoritmů.This thesis deals with the issue of wireless sensor networks and communication protocols. Is explained of what the network is composed, what standards are used and in what sectors are most often used. The main scope of work is to introduce with the localization algorithms using in WSN. Algorithms are clearly divided into groups according to the methods used. In work is describes the structure used simulation tools J-Sim, for creating a wireless sensor network. To create network will be then applied different localization algorithms, which must first be implemented in a simulator using Java code. All generated classes and the algorithms are detailed described in the work. Results from simulations are detailed and graphically displays for individual localization algorithms.

Characterization of interactions between Rtx-200MS fluorinated stationary phase and analytes by inverse gas chromatography

Fluorovaná stacionární fáze v koloně Rtx-200MS byla charakterizována pomocí systémových konstant Abrahamovy rovnice. Retence na této fázi je řízena disperzními a orientačními/indukčními silami. Významný příspěvek interakce volných elektronových párů nebo π-elektronů poskytuje unikátní selektivitu pro analyty s přebytkem elektronové hustoty. Neobvyklé chování této fáze bylo odhaleno pomocí studia separačního mechanismu polárních a nepolárních látek, v porovnání s jejich separací na polární a nepolární koloně. Toto chování je dáno středně velkou polaritou fáze (systémová konstanta s), která ale není natolik výrazná, aby při tvorbě indukčních sil s nepolárními látkami rušila jejich separaci. K tomu taktéž může v některých případech přispívat interakce volných elektronových párů či π-elektronů. Klíčová slova fluorovaná stacionární fáze Rtx-200MS, inverzní plynová chromatografie, LFER metoda, Abrahamova rovniceFluorinated stationary phase in Rtx-200MS column have been characterized by determination of system constants of Abraham equation. Retention on this phase is driven by dispersive and orientation/induction forces. Significant interaction contribution of lone pair electrons or π- electrons provides unique selectivity for analytes with excess of electron density. Unusual behavior of this phase have been determined by study of separation mechanism of polar and nonpolar analytes, in comparison of their separation on polar and nonpolar phases. This behavior is due to medium polarity of the phase (system constant s), which is not so pronounced to cancel separation of nonpolar analytes due to induction forces. In some cases contribution of lone pair electrons or π-electrons can contribute to this separations. Key words fluorinated stationary phase Rtx-200MS, inverse gas chromatography, LFER method, Abraham's equationDepartment of Analytical ChemistryKatedra analytické chemiePřírodovědecká fakultaFaculty of Scienc

Analysis of sensory and toxicologically important compounds in beer

Jednou z nejvýznamnějších skupin toxikologicky významných látek v pivu jsou N-nitrosaminy. V této práci byla pozornost zaměřena zejména na netěkavé nitroso sloučeniny, jejichž koncentrace v pivu, chemická struktura a biologický účinek nejsou dosud známy. Z důvodu nedostatku znalostí o této skupině látek byla vyvinuta metoda pro jejich citlivou detekci prostřednictvím chemiluminiscenčního detektoru po plynově chromatografické separaci. Tato metoda zároveň umožňuje klasifikovat detekované nitroso sloučeniny do různých skupin (N-nitroso, C-nitroso a kombinace C-nitroso a nitro) a odlišit je od interferencí. Metoda využívá záznamu pyrolyzních profilů jednotlivých chromatografických píků, které jsou zpracovány pomocí diskriminační analýzy. Metoda byla vyvíjena za účelem nalezení a strukturní identifikace těchto dosud neznámých látek. Její aplikace na uměle nitrosovaný vzorek piva spolu s plynově chromatografickou analýzou s tandemovou hmotnostní detekcí vedl k strukturní identifikaci několika zástupců nitroso sloučenin. Senzoricky aktivní látky v této práci zastupují karbonylové sloučeniny a mastné kyseliny. Karbonylové sloučeniny - furfural a hydroxymethylfurfural - byly využity při vývoji mobilní, jednoduché, rychlé a objektivní metody pro in situ stanovení intenzity staré chuti piva, která je odrazem...One of the most relevant group of toxicologically significant compounds in beer are N-nitrosamines. In this thesis, the attention was paid especially on non-volatile nitroso compounds whose concentrations in beer, a chemical structure, and a biological effect has not been known yet. For the reason of the lack of knowledge regarding this compound group, the method for their sensitive detection by chemiluminescence detection after gas chromatographic separation was developed. This method permits a classification of detected nitroso compounds to different groups (N-nitroso, C-nitroso, and combination of C-nitroso and nitro) and distinguish them from interferences. The method is based on recording of a pyrolytic profile of each chromatographic peak, the profiles are then processed by discriminant analysis. The method has been developed for finding and structural identification purposes of these unknown compounds. Its application on an artificially nitrosated beer sample, together with gas chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric analysis, led to structural identification of several representatives of nitroso compounds. Sensory active compounds in this thesis are represented by carbonyl compounds and fatty acids. Carbonyl compounds - furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural - were used during the development...Katedra analytické chemieDepartment of Analytical ChemistryPřírodovědecká fakultaFaculty of Scienc

Brewing microbiology – Lactic Acid Bacteria and Cultivation Methods of Their Detection – Part III

Here we present data on the growth of 10 strains of Lactobacillus and Pediococcus species on solidifi ed culture media, e.g. MRS agar and its various modifi cations, the media Raka-Ray, NBB, UBA, etc. The rate of formation of bacterial colonies and their size were monitored. Strains were inoculated into culture media directly from beer, in two varieties – with previous gradual adaptation to beer and without the adaptation phase. Some strains showed increased long-term survival ability in beer if the bacteria were gradually transferred to a medium with increasing concentration of beer (adaptation phase). In subsequent testing of cultivation media, MRS and its modification were evaluated as the most effective. Raka-Ray was evaluated as the least suitable for the detection of lactic acid bacteria

Methods of Evaluating of Sensory Assessors – Part 1

The precission and repeatability of sensory analysis is infl uenced by a number of physiological, psychological and genetic factors. These can be largely eliminated by appropriate selection of the assessors through their regular evaluation. Therefore, assays have been developed to defi ne the divergence of assessor ratings from the rest of the tasting committee. This makes it possible to recognize the area that needs to be focused on in the training of assessors. The article presents specific examples of calculations to determine the degree of conformity among assessors using the ANOVA method and other statistical methods

Sensory Beer Aging

A sensory aging of beer occurs during the beer transport to a customer and its storage; this is due to irreversible chemical processes and is manifested by adverse change in the organoleptic character of the beer. Sensory beer aging results in the evolution of the old flavor of the beer, which is a combination of many foreign fl avors and fragrances. The development of substances responsible for these sensory changes (especially carbonyl compounds) can be affected by storage, particularly by access to oxygen, light, vibrations, and temperature of storage. In our study we selected carbonyl compounds which can be regarded as indicators of aging of Czech lager, including 2-methylpropanal, 2-methylbutanal, 3-methylbutanal, furfural and phenylacetaldehyde. We obtained temporal profi les of their evolution under various conditions of storage and the correlation with the development of the old beer fl avor. The time dependences so obtained provided an interesting fact, namely that the product of Maillard reactions during beer aging exhibits a linear increase and the product of Strecker degradation of amino acids show a nonlinear dependence on the length of aging. These findings will be used to create chemico-statistical methods for determining the degree of sensory impairment of beer. The method will be used also for backward determination of storage conditions and even of beer sensorially damaged due to improper storage conditions

Economic and Political Effects of the American Civil War

This diploma thesis aims to show, whether main changes introduced to American economy due to Civil War in 1861 to 1865 had or had not positive effect on post-bellum economic development. were following antebellum development, or whether they go against it. To reach this objective, ante-bellum development of policies, which were changed the most during or after the war, is outlined; main political and social changes are introduced; application of the American system and its effects, mostly of protectionism and national banking system, are presented; and changes in size and role of federal government and effects of war on economy, mainly in the South, are analysed. I draw a conclusion from this evidence, that emancipation did not lead to immediate economic development in South, but rather due to other reasons. Also, I find that neither policy of protective tariffs, nor changes to the banking system had any positive effect on American economic growth in the last third of 19th century, and that their contribution was probably negative. Therefore, it can be stated, that American system, brought by the war, was not the cause of country's economic success

Analysis of sensory and toxicologically important compounds in beer

One of the most relevant group of toxicologically significant compounds in beer are N-nitrosamines. In this thesis, the attention was paid especially on non-volatile nitroso compounds whose concentrations in beer, a chemical structure, and a biological effect has not been known yet. For the reason of the lack of knowledge regarding this compound group, the method for their sensitive detection by chemiluminescence detection after gas chromatographic separation was developed. This method permits a classification of detected nitroso compounds to different groups (N-nitroso, C-nitroso, and combination of C-nitroso and nitro) and distinguish them from interferences. The method is based on recording of a pyrolytic profile of each chromatographic peak, the profiles are then processed by discriminant analysis. The method has been developed for finding and structural identification purposes of these unknown compounds. Its application on an artificially nitrosated beer sample, together with gas chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric analysis, led to structural identification of several representatives of nitroso compounds. Sensory active compounds in this thesis are represented by carbonyl compounds and fatty acids. Carbonyl compounds - furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural - were used during the development..