Polyphenolic profile of fresh chokeberry and chokeberry products

Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) fruits and its products are one of the richest sources of pholyphenols which may play important role in human health as for example in regulation of blood pressure levels, reducing concentrations of triglycerides, low density and total cholesterol. The objective of this study was to identify and quantify the content of pholyphenols, specifficaly phenolic acids (gallic, caffeic, p-coumaric, ellagic, chlorogenic) and flavonols (quercetin and kaempferol) using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in two varieties of fresh chokeberry fruit (type Nero and Viking) and in different types of chokeberry products available from Croatian market: eleven samples of juices, three samples of powders, two samples of both capsules and dried berries and four samples of teas. The results showed that there is a difference in amount of examined polyphenols between different product categories, and significant difference was also observed within the same product group (p≤0.05). In all analysed samples the highest phenolic acid quantified was p-coumaric acid, and gallic acid was the lowest one. Berry juices from fresh chokeberry fruits had higher amount of p-coumaric acid (284.55±6.34 mgL-1) compared to commercially available juices (195.48±3.05 mgL-1). The same phenolic composition was observed within the rest of the products where capsules have the higher amount of phenolic acids, followed by powders, dried berries and teas (eg. p-coumaric 81.36; 79.76; 36.28; 28.81 mg/100 g dry matter, respectively). According to flavonol amount, all observed products had higher values of quercetin compared to kaempferol. Obtained results represents a valuable set of data for novel and under-examined plant source of health promoting bioactivecompounds

Udjeli fenolnih spojeva, antioksidacijska aktivnost i kakvoća proizvoda od aronije (Aronia melanocarpa)

Chokeberries (Aronia melanocarpa) are rarely used in diet in Croatia but they have high content of polyphenolic compounds and one of the highest in vitro antioxidant activities among fruits. The aim of this study is to compare the quality, phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of diff erent chokeberry products (juices, powders, fruit tea, capsules and dried berries). It can be expected that processing infl uences antioxidant activity and phenolic content of fi nal products reaching consumers. Characterisation of phenolic compounds was carried out by using spectroscopic methods (Folin–Ciocalteu and pH differential methods). Antioxidant activity of chokeberry products was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. The results show that the investigated products contain high amount of phenols (3002 to 6639 mg per L and 1494 to 5292 mg per 100 g of dry matt er) and lower amount of total anthocyanins (150 to 1228 mg per L and 141 to 2468 mg per 100 g of dry matt er). The examined juices and other chokeberry products possess high antioxidant capacity (12.09 to 40.19 mmol per L or 58.49 to 191.31 mmol per 100 g of dry matt er, respectively) and reducing power (38.71 to 79.86 mmol per L or 13.50 to 68.60 mmol per 100 g of dry matt er, respectively). On the basis of phenolic content and antioxidant activity, capsules and powders stand out among other products. The study indicates that there are signifi cant diff erences (p<0.05) in the quality, phenolic content and antioxidant capacity among examined products.Aronija (Aronia melanocarpa) se rijetko koristi u prehrani, iako sadržava velik udjel fenolnih spojeva i jednu od najvećih in vitro antioksidacijskih aktivnosti među voćem. U radu su određivana fizikalno-kemijska svojstva, udjel fenolih spojeva te antioksidativna aktivnost različitih proizvoda od aronije (sokovi, aronija u prahu, voćni čajevi, kapsule i sušene bobice). Očekivalo se da procesi obrade svježe aronije utječu na antioksidacijsku aktivnost i udjel fenolnih spojeva u proizvodima koji se plasiraju na tržište. Udjeli fenolnih spojeva određeni su spektrofotometrijski (pomoću Folin-Ciocalteu i pH diferencijalne metode). Antioksidacijska aktivnost proizvoda od aronije određena je primjenom DPPH i FRAP metoda. Dobivene su vrijednosti pokazale da proizvodi od aronije sadržavaju velik udjel fenola (3002,201-6639,741 mg/L soka odnosno 1494,036-5292,538 mg u 100 g suhe tvari proizvoda) i manji udjel ukupnih antocijana (150,459-1227.867 mg/L soka odnosno 141.459-2468,845 mg u 100 g suhe tvari proizvoda). Ispitani su proizvodi, a naročito proizvodi u obliku kapsula te aronija u prahu, imali izraženi antioksidacijski učinak, izmjeren pomoću DPPH radikala (12,092-40,194 mmol/L soka odnosno 58,493 do 191,311 mmol u 100 g suhe tvari proizvoda) te primjenom FRAP metode (38,708-79,858 mmol/L soka odnosno 13,503-68,604 mmol u 100 g suhe tvari proizvoda). Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazuju da među proizvodima od aronije postoje bitne razlike (p<0,05) u udjelima fenolnih spojeva, antioksidacijskoj aktivnosti te parametrima kakvoće

Nutrition in Pancreatic Diseases

Pankreatitis je upalno stanje gušterače koje često iz svojeg akutnog oblika može prijeći u kroničnu bolest. Bolesnici s pankreatitisom imaju povećane nutritivne potrebe zbog upale, dok, s druge strane, zbog boli, mučnine i povraćanja pate od energijskog, proteinskog ili nutritivnog deficita. Hipokalcemija i hipomagnezemija mogu se pojaviti već u prvim fazama akutnog pankreatitisa. Bolesnici s dugotrajnim i prekomjernim unosom alkohola mogu, uz proteinsko-energijsku malnutriciju, imati i deficit vitamina i minerala: tiamina, folne kiseline, cinka, vitamina D, K, E, A i B12 te karotena. Osnovni cilj nutritivne njege bolesnika s pankreatitisom jest osigurati adekvatan unos energije. To je osobito važno u bolesnika s akutnim pankreatitisom u kojih se pokazalo da pravilna nutritivna njega može smanjiti komplikacije i skratiti vrijeme boravka u bolnici.Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas that can be acute and often progress to chronic pancreatitis. Like in most diseases, patients with pancreatitis have a negative energy balance. They have an increased caloric expenditure due to inflammation and a decreased intake due to abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesaemia can occur even with the first episode of acute pancreatitis. Patients with long-standing excessive alcohol intake may have thiamine and folate deficiencies in addition to protein-calorie malnutrition. Patients with chronic pancreatitis can have deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins, particularly vitamins D, E, A, K, β-carotene and B12. The basis of nutritional management in pancreatitis is to meet the energy needs of the patient through appropriate calorie administration. This is particularly important in acute pancreatitis because it may reduce complications and decrease hospital stays

Correlation of acidity and participation of carbohydrate in breast milk with specific flavors determineted with electronic tongue

Majčino mlijeko sadrži sve nutrijente potrebne novorođenčetu. Dojenje je zlatni standard u hranjenju dojenčadi i to radi nutritivnih i metaboličkih prednosti, psihološkog efekta i uloge koju ima u prevenciji raznih bolesti. Cilj ovog rada bio je odrediti povezanost kiselosti i udjela pojedinih ugljikohidrata u majčinom mlijeku (n=34) s okusima određenim na elektronskom jeziku. Korištene metode su visoko djelotvorna tekućinska kromatografija (HPLC) uz primjenu detektora indeksa loma te analiza α-Astree elektronskim jezikom. Provedeno je i mjerenje pH u svakom uzorku pomoću laboratorijskog pH metra. Na osnovu rezultata analize osnovnih komponenata (PCA), utvrđeno je da postoje razlike u okusima u uzorcima majčinog mlijeka između pojedinih dojilja, ali i u uzorcima pojedine dojilje. Rezultati provedene kanonske korelacijske analize (CCA) pokazali su korelaciju između odziva senzora BA i koncentracije glukoze, korelaciju izmeđa odziva senzora BB i saharoze te korelaciju između odziva senzora BB, ZZ i CA i pH vrijednosti majčinog mlijeka.Breast milk contains all the necessary nutrients for a newborn baby. Breastfeeding is the gold standard in infant feeding because of nutritional and metabolic benefits, the psychological effect and the role it plays in the prevention various diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of acidity and of certain carbohydrates in breast milk (n = 34) with the specific flavors of the electronic tongue. Methods used are high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using refractive index detector and analysis by the α-Astree electronic tongue. pH was measured in each sample using a laboratory pH meter. Based on principal component analysis (PCA), differences in taste of breast milk samples were revealed between certain lactating woman, but also in samples of each lactating woman. The results of canonical correlation analysis (CCA) showed a correlation between BA sensor response and concentration of glucose, the correlation between BB sensor response and the concentration of sucrose and the correlation between BB, ZZ, and CA sensor response and the pH value of breast milk

Correlation of acidity and participation of carbohydrate in breast milk with specific flavors determineted with electronic tongue

Majčino mlijeko sadrži sve nutrijente potrebne novorođenčetu. Dojenje je zlatni standard u hranjenju dojenčadi i to radi nutritivnih i metaboličkih prednosti, psihološkog efekta i uloge koju ima u prevenciji raznih bolesti. Cilj ovog rada bio je odrediti povezanost kiselosti i udjela pojedinih ugljikohidrata u majčinom mlijeku (n=34) s okusima određenim na elektronskom jeziku. Korištene metode su visoko djelotvorna tekućinska kromatografija (HPLC) uz primjenu detektora indeksa loma te analiza α-Astree elektronskim jezikom. Provedeno je i mjerenje pH u svakom uzorku pomoću laboratorijskog pH metra. Na osnovu rezultata analize osnovnih komponenata (PCA), utvrđeno je da postoje razlike u okusima u uzorcima majčinog mlijeka između pojedinih dojilja, ali i u uzorcima pojedine dojilje. Rezultati provedene kanonske korelacijske analize (CCA) pokazali su korelaciju između odziva senzora BA i koncentracije glukoze, korelaciju izmeđa odziva senzora BB i saharoze te korelaciju između odziva senzora BB, ZZ i CA i pH vrijednosti majčinog mlijeka.Breast milk contains all the necessary nutrients for a newborn baby. Breastfeeding is the gold standard in infant feeding because of nutritional and metabolic benefits, the psychological effect and the role it plays in the prevention various diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of acidity and of certain carbohydrates in breast milk (n = 34) with the specific flavors of the electronic tongue. Methods used are high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using refractive index detector and analysis by the α-Astree electronic tongue. pH was measured in each sample using a laboratory pH meter. Based on principal component analysis (PCA), differences in taste of breast milk samples were revealed between certain lactating woman, but also in samples of each lactating woman. The results of canonical correlation analysis (CCA) showed a correlation between BA sensor response and concentration of glucose, the correlation between BB sensor response and the concentration of sucrose and the correlation between BB, ZZ, and CA sensor response and the pH value of breast milk

Nutrition in Pancreatic Diseases

Pankreatitis je upalno stanje gušterače koje često iz svojeg akutnog oblika može prijeći u kroničnu bolest. Bolesnici s pankreatitisom imaju povećane nutritivne potrebe zbog upale, dok, s druge strane, zbog boli, mučnine i povraćanja pate od energijskog, proteinskog ili nutritivnog deficita. Hipokalcemija i hipomagnezemija mogu se pojaviti već u prvim fazama akutnog pankreatitisa. Bolesnici s dugotrajnim i prekomjernim unosom alkohola mogu, uz proteinsko-energijsku malnutriciju, imati i deficit vitamina i minerala: tiamina, folne kiseline, cinka, vitamina D, K, E, A i B12 te karotena. Osnovni cilj nutritivne njege bolesnika s pankreatitisom jest osigurati adekvatan unos energije. To je osobito važno u bolesnika s akutnim pankreatitisom u kojih se pokazalo da pravilna nutritivna njega može smanjiti komplikacije i skratiti vrijeme boravka u bolnici.Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas that can be acute and often progress to chronic pancreatitis. Like in most diseases, patients with pancreatitis have a negative energy balance. They have an increased caloric expenditure due to inflammation and a decreased intake due to abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesaemia can occur even with the first episode of acute pancreatitis. Patients with long-standing excessive alcohol intake may have thiamine and folate deficiencies in addition to protein-calorie malnutrition. Patients with chronic pancreatitis can have deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins, particularly vitamins D, E, A, K, β-carotene and B12. The basis of nutritional management in pancreatitis is to meet the energy needs of the patient through appropriate calorie administration. This is particularly important in acute pancreatitis because it may reduce complications and decrease hospital stays

Effects of Weather Conditions on Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity in Juice of Chokeberries (Aronia melanocarpa L.)

Chokeberries are a subject of numerous studies due to a high phenolic compound content, antioxidant properties and potential positive influence on the health. Effects of weather conditions on fruit quality attributes, phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) juice over three consecutive years were investigated. Total phenolic content and total flavonoids range were from 8834 to 11093 mg/L and from 6993 to 9710 mg/L, respectively. High variations and discrepancy during different growing seasons are due to the different air temperature, sunlight and rainfall rate. The highest concentrations of anthocyanins and phenolics were observed in fruits harvested in 2012, which is most likely due to the favorable weather conditions (temperature and bright sunshine hours). All chokeberry juices possess high antioxidant activity (12.9–14.6 mmol/L; 128–167 mmol/L). Strong correlation implies that flavonoids and non-flavonoids were the major contributors to the antioxidant capacity. This study indicates that although the examined properties vary considerably through the growing seasons (p≤0.05), chokeberry juices can serve as a good source of bioactive phytochemicals in a human diet

Ružička days : International conference 18th Ružička Days “Today Science – Tomorrow Industry” : Proceedings

Proceedings contains articles presented at Conference divided into sections: chemical analysis and synthesis, chemical and biochemical engineering, food technology and biotechnology, medical chemistry and pharmacy, environmental protection and meeting of young chemists