Zn-containing Adhesives Facilitate Collagen Protection and Remineralization at the Resin-Dentin Interface: A Narrative Review

This work was supported by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and the European Regional Development Fund (Project PID2020-114694RB-100 MINECO/AEI/FEDER/UE). M.T.-O. holds a FPU fellowship from the Ministry of Universities [FPU20/00450].This is a narrative review of the literature assessing the potential effectiveness of doping dentin polymeric adhesives with zinc compounds in order to improve bonding efficacy, remineralization and protection against degradation. A literature search was conducted using electronic databases, such as PubMed, MEDLINE, DIMDI andWeb of Science. Through our search, we found literature demonstrating that Zn-doped dentin adhesives promote protection and remineralization of the resin-dentin interfaces. The increased bioactivity has also facilitated dentinal tubules’ occlusion by crystals’ precipitation contributing to improved sealing efficacy of restorations. Loading dentin adhesives with zinc gives rise to an increase of both crystallinity of mineral and crosslinking of collagen. The main role of zinc, in dentin adhesives, is to inhibit collagen proteolysis. We concluded that zinc exerts a protective effect through binding at the collagen-sensitive cleavage sites of matrixmetalloproteinases (MMPs), contributing to dentin matrix stabilization. Zinc may not only act as a MMPs inhibitor, but also influence signaling pathways and stimulate metabolic effects in dentin mineralization and remineralization processes. Zn-doped adhesives increase the longevity of dentin bonding through MMPs inhibition. Zn poses a remineralization strategy in demineralized dentin.Ministry of Economy and CompetitivenessEuropean Commission PID2020-114694RB-100 MINECO/AEI/FEDER/UEMinistry of Universities FPU20/0045

Short versus standard implants at sinus augmented sites: a systematic review and meta‑analysis

Background Short implants are proposed as a less invasive alternative with fewer complications than standard implants in combination with sinus lift. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to state the efficacy of placing short implants (≤ 6 mm) compared to standard-length implants (≥ 8 mm) performing sinus lift techniques in patients with edentulous posterior atrophic jaws. Efficacy will be evaluated through analyzing implant survival (IS) and maintenance of peri-implant bone (MBL). Methods Screening process was done using the National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE by PubMed), EMBASE, the Cochrane Oral Health, and Web of Science (WOS). The articles included were randomized controlled trials. Risk of bias was evaluated according to The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool. Weighted means were calculated. Heterogeneity was determined using Higgins (I2). A random-effects model was applied. Secondary outcomes such as surgical time, patient satisfaction, mucositis and peri-implantitis, pain, and swelling were analyzed. Results Fourteen studies (597 patients and 901 implants) were evaluated. IS was 1.02 risk ratio, ranging from 1.00 to 1.05 (CI 95%) (p = 0.09), suggesting that IS was similar when both techniques were used. MBL was higher in patients with standard-length implants plus sinus lift elevation (p = 0.03). MBL was 0.11 (0.01–0.20) mm (p = 0.03) and 0.23 (0.07–0.39) mm (p = 0.005) before and after 1 year of follow-up, respectively, indicating that the marginal bone loss is greater for standard-length implants. Discussion Within the limitations of the present study, as relatively small sample size, short dental implants can be used as an alternative to standard-length implants plus sinus elevation in cases of atrophic posterior maxilla. Higher MBL was observed in the groups where standard-length implants were used, but implant survival was similar in both groups. Moreover, with short implants, it was observed a reduced postoperative discomfort, minimal invasiveness, shorter treatment time, and reduced costs. Clinical Clinical relevance The low MBL promoted by short implants does contribute to a paradigm shift from sinus grafting with long implants to short implants. Further high-quality long-term studies are required to confirm these findings.Spanish GovernmentEuropean Commission PID2020-114694RB-I00 MINECO/AEI/FEDER/U

Category measures on Baire spaces

The purpose of this paper is to give a necessary and sufñcient condition to define a category measure on a Baire topological space. In the last section we give some examples of spaacs in these conditions

Biomimetic Remineralization of an Extracellular Matrix Collagen Membrane for Bone Regeneration

Natural extracellular matrix (ECM) collagen membranes are frequently used for bone regeneration procedures. Some disadvantages, such as rapid degradation and questionable mechanical properties, limit their clinical use. These membranes have a heterologous origin and may proceed from different tissues. Biomineralization is a process in which hydroxyapatite deposits mainly in collagen fibrils of the matrices. However, when this deposition occurs on the ECM, its mechanical properties are increased, facilitating bone regeneration. The objective of the present research is to ascertain if different membranes from distinct origins may undergo biomineralization. Nanomechanical properties, scanning electron (SEM) and multiphoton (MP) microscopy imaging were performed in three commercially available ECMs before and after immersion in simulated body fluid solution for 7 and 21 d. The matrices coming from porcine dermis increased their nanomechanical properties and they showed considerable mineralization after 21 d, as observed in structural changes detected through SEM and MP microscopy. It is hypothesized that the more abundant crosslinking andMinistry of Economy and CompetitivenessEuropean Commission PID2020-114694RB-I00 PID2020-113919RB-I00Ministry of Universities FPU20/0045

Lifting iso-dual algebraic geometry codes

In this work we investigate the problem of producing iso-dual algebraic geometry (AG) codes over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$ with $q$ elements. Given a finite separable extension $\mathcal{M}/\mathcal{F}$ of function fields and an iso-dual AG-code $\mathcal{C}$ defined over $\mathcal{F}$, we provide a general method to lift the code $\mathcal{C}$ to another iso-dual AG-code $\tilde{\mathcal{C}}$ defined over $\mathcal{M}$ under some assumptions on the parity of the involved different exponents. We apply this method to lift iso-dual AG-codes over the rational function field to elementary abelian $p$-extensions, like the maximal function fields defined by the Hermitian, Suzuki, and one covered by the $GGS$ function field. We also obtain long binary and ternary iso-dual AG-codes defined over cyclotomic extensions.Comment: 26 pages, 3 figure

The importance of farmers' social, environmental and economic objectives in improved corn seeds adoption in Chiapas, México

Mientras que las semillas mejoradas pueden aumentar el rendimiento y la productividad de maíz en México, su adopción sigue siendo baja. Si se pretende entender el comportamiento de adopción de innovaciones tecnológicas, es necesario, entender la heterogeneidad de los agricultores teniendo en cuenta no solo sus características socioeconómicas y las de sus explotaciones, sino también sus opiniones, actitudes, preferencias y objetivos. Por ello, en esta investigación se buscó en primer lugar, analizar los objetivos que los agricultores tienen en cuenta a la hora de cultivar maíz en Chiapas a través del proceso analítico jerárquico. En segundo lugar, segmentar a base de sus opiniones, actitudes y aversión al riesgo, utilizando el análisis de conglomerado y observar la heterogeneidad mediante el análisis Tobit. Los datos se recopilaron a través de una muestra de 200 agricultores de maíz en Chiapas, México. Se identificaron tres segmentos de agricultores: en "transición" - no aprecian en su totalidad el potencial de las semillas mejoradas (52,5%); "conservadores" - con una percepción negativa de las semillas mejoradas (18,5%); e "innovadores" - con una percepción positiva (29%). Se observó que los objetivos de los agricultores son diferentes para cada segmento.While improved seeds can increase performance and productivity of corn in Mexico, its adoption remains low. In order to understand the behavior of adoption of technological innovations, it is necessary to understand the heterogeneity of farmers taking into account not only their socio-economic characteristics and the nature of their holdings, but also their opinions, attitudes, preferences and objectives. Therefore, in this investigation our aim was firstly to analyze the objectives that farmers have to take into account when they cultivate corn in Chiapas and we have used the analytic hierarchy process. Secondly, to segment the farmers based on their opinions, attitudes and risk aversion using the cluster analysis and observing the heterogeneity by the Tobit analysis. Data were collected through a sample of 200 maize farmers in Chiapas, Mexico. Three segments of farmers were identified: In "transition" - not fully appreciating the potential of improved seeds (52.5%); "conservative" - with a negative perception of improved seeds (18.5%); and "innovative" - with a positive perception (29%). It was observed that the objectives of farmers are different for each segment.Fil: Sánchez-Toledano, Blanca Isabel.Fil: Kallas, Zein.Fil: Gil, José María

Variables impacting the quality of care provided by professional caregivers for peoble with mental illness: a systematic review

People with mental illness may need the support of caregivers in certain areas of their lives, and there is an increasing need for quality care for people with mental health problems by qualified health professionals. Often, these professionals may develop so-called burnout syndrome, although some authors point out that positive emotions may also arise. In addition, several variables can act as both protectors and stressors. Therefore, the main aim of the current study is to identify variables related to the professional care of people with mental illness (i.e., protective or stressor variables) through a systematic review. The review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines with a final selection of 20 articles found in the Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect and Dialnet databases between the months of October and November 2019, and updated in June 2022. The results show that job satisfaction is a strong predictor of the quality of care, and that congruence between personal and organizational values is a very important factor. Meanwhile, working in the same job for successive years, working in community mental health teams and experiencing burnout act as stressors and reduce the quality of care provided

Novel Pastes Containing Polymeric Nanoparticles for Dentin Hypersensitivity Treatment: An In Vitro Study

Tubule occlusion and remineralization are considered the two main goals of dentin hypersensitivity treatment. The objective is to assess the ability of dentifrices containing zinc-doped polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) to enduringly occlude the dentinal tubules, reinforcing dentin’s mechanical properties. Fifteen dentin surfaces were acid-treated for dentinal tubule exposure and brushed with (1) distilled water, or with experimental pastes containing (2) 1% of zinc-doped NPs, (3) 5% of zinc-doped NPs, (4) 10% of zinc-doped NPs or (5) Sensodyne®. Topographical and nanomechanical analyses were performed on treated dentin surfaces and after a citric acid challenge. ANOVA and Student–Newman–Keuls tests were used (p < 0.05). The main results indicate that all pastes produced tubule occlusion (100%) and reinforced mechanical properties of intertubular dentin (complex modulus was above 75 GPa). After the citric acid challenge, only those pastes containing zinc-doped NPs were able to maintain tubular occlusion, as specimens treated with Sensodyne® have around 30% of tubules opened. Mechanical properties were maintained for dentin treated with Zn-doped NPs, but in the case of specimens treated with Sensodyne®, complex modulus values were reduced below 50 GPa. It may be concluded that zinc-doped NPs at the lowest tested concentration produced acid-resistant tubular occlusion and increased the mechanical properties of dentin.Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) and European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), grant number PID2020-114694RB-I00 MINECO/AEI/ FEDER/UELaboratorios KIN® fabricated and provided tested experimental pastes loaded with Zn-doped NP