The Grizzly, February 14, 2008

Writer\u27s Strike May See a Silver Lining • Ellison Unveils Art Exhibit in Berman • Relief for Students? College Endowments Skyrocket • Ursinus Designs New Certificate for International Studies • Is Everybody Really Doing It? The Indictment of the Greek Community at Ursinus College Surprises Many • Ursinus Community Shares its Dirty Little Secrets • Focus the Nation and Environmentalism: No Longer Just for Hippies • UC Study Abroad Helpful Hints • Opinions: Lessons from Super Tuesday; Does The Times Need Bill Kristol?; Lessons from the Hormuz Strait • Ursinus Wrestlers Clinch Dual Meet • UC Indoor Track Teams Make Big Moves, Heat Up Competitionhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1755/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, April 24, 2008

Ursinus College Dance Company Kicks Off Tonight! • CoSA at UC! • Charity Events in the Classroom • Red Sky in Morning • Another Collegeville Restaurant Review: BonJung • Ursinus Graduate Awarded Watson Fellowship • Achievement Gap: Close to Home • Opinions: Bush / Clinton Dynasty? • Weekend Success and Dubb Appreciation Week • UC Softball Flying High After Wins Against Gettysburg • Great Success Strikes Men\u27s Laxhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1763/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, February 7, 2008

Cafe Owner Advises Mindful Consumerism • More Money in Your Pocket? • Ledger\u27s Death Still Leaves Questions • NY Times Reporter Discusses Climate Issues at Focus the Nation • Arctic Mammals Battle Climate Change • Modern Menstruation Alternatives: The Menstrual Cup • Wismer Student Restaurant Welcomes New Turnstile • Things I Wish I Knew as a Freshman: Local Hot Spots • Satchmo\u27s: A Unique Sub Experience • Bringing Back the High Five • Endorse This!: How Important is a Political Backing? • Women\u27s Basketball Endures Tough Loss to Muleshttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1754/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, April 3, 2008

Crude Awakening: Ways to Beat Surging Gas Pump Prices • Airband Turns 25 • Herpes Hindrance: Part Two • Literary Food Fest • Lou\u27s Too: The Charming Steak Shop • Fully Loaded EV Performance Attracts Full House • Faculty Spotlight: Dr. Goldsmith • Opinions: Fed Bailout? Fed, Butt Out!; Olympic Controversy • Men\u27s Lax Defeats McDaniel • Women\u27s Lax Shames McDanielhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1760/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, March 6, 2008

President Strassburger\u27s Message to Campus About New Member Education • Students Flock to Ursinus Job and Internship Fair • SIFE: An Organization Suited for All Ursinus Majors • The Real Inspector Hound: Stoppard Performed at UC • Local Venues Offer Break Options • Ursinus Fraternities Participate in Community Service • Da Vinci\u27s Pub: Are You a Renaissance Man or Woman? • Opinions: Anthony\u27s Keys to Making Friends; Academic Integrity for the Rest of Us; Rethinking the Second Amendment: What Does it Protect? • Football Coach Kevin Barger Moving On • Congrats to the 2008 Centennial Conference Champs! • Baseball and Softball Aim to Hit it Out of the Park • Two Head to Wrestling Nationalshttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1758/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, March 27, 2008

Escape Velocity Dance Troupe Gets Fully Loaded • Habitat for Humanity: Community Service with a Tan • Ways to Prepare for Fall Housing and Room Selection • Religion on Campus: Hillel, MSA, IV and More! • Herpes Hindrance: Part One • Fox and Hound Pub and Grill: Which One are You? • Ursinus Sororities Participate in Community Service • Scientific Look at the Truth is Beauty Equation • Quick Glance at Upcoming CAB and RHA Events • Myrin\u27s Edible Books Festival: Battle of the Most Literate Foods • Opinions: Pledge to Darfur; Vice Presidential Possibilities: Let\u27s Start the Speculation • A Magical Season • Bears Dominate ECAC Championships • Ursinus Tennis Teams Hope to Rack Up a Good Seasonhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1759/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, February 21, 2008

Administration Speaks Out About New Member Education • Rethinking Equality in America • Brought to a Grinding Halt: Reactions to NME Ban • Vending, Vending Everywhere: New Machines to Arrive for Students • Exploring the Circumcision Decision: Benefits and Risks • The Mysterious White Van: Science in Motion at Ursinus • Jasmine: For Those Willing to Spend a Buck or Two • Ursinus Hosts Award-Winning Poet • Professor Victor Brown: Making a Prominent Impact • Alumni Advice for UC Students • Opinions: The Harvard Effect: Will Ursinus Increase Financial Aid to Stay Competitive?; The Fair Tax • Men\u27s Basketball 16-0 in Conference • Glory Days • National Guard Honors Ursinus Rugby Teams • Cosmic Sucker-Punch: The Ultimate Teamhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1756/thumbnail.jp

The Effect of Multidirectional Loading on Contractions of the M. Medial Gastrocnemius

Research has shown that compression of muscle can lead to a change in muscle force. Most studies show compression to lead to a reduction in muscle force, although recent research has shown that increases are also possible. Based on methodological differences in the loading design between studies, it seems that muscle length and the direction of transverse loading influence the effect of muscle compression on force production. Thus, in our current study we implement these two factors to influence the effects of muscle loading. In contrast to long resting length of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) in most studies, we use a shorter MG resting length by having participant seated with their knees at a 90° angle. Where previous studies have used unidirectional loads to compress the MG, in this study we applied a multidirectional load using a sling setup. Multidirectional loading using a sling setup has been shown to cause muscle force reductions in previous research. As a result of our choices in experimental design we observed changes in the effects of muscle loading compared to previous research. In the present study we observed no changes in muscle force due to muscle loading. Muscle thickness and pennation angle showed minor but significant increases during contraction. However, no significant changes occurred between unloaded and loaded trials. Fascicle thickness and length showed different patterns of change compared to previous research. We show that muscle loading does not result in force reduction in all situations and is possibly linked to differences in muscle architecture and muscle length

The Energy of Muscle Contraction. I. Tissue Force and Deformation During Fixed-End Contractions

During contraction the energy of muscle tissue increases due to energy from the hydrolysis of ATP. This energy is distributed across the tissue as strain-energy potentials in the contractile elements, strain-energy potential from the 3D deformation of the base-material tissue (containing cellular and extracellular matrix effects), energy related to changes in the muscle\u27s nearly incompressible volume and external work done at the muscle surface. Thus, energy is redistributed through the muscle\u27s tissue as it contracts, with only a component of this energy being used to do mechanical work and develop forces in the muscle\u27s longitudinal direction. Understanding how the strain-energy potentials are redistributed through the muscle tissue will help enlighten why the mechanical performance of whole muscle in its longitudinal direction does not match the performance that would be expected from the contractile elements alone. Here we demonstrate these physical effects using a 3D muscle model based on the finite element method. The tissue deformations within contracting muscle are large, and so the mechanics of contraction were explained using the principles of continuum mechanics for large deformations. We present simulations of a contracting medial gastrocnemius muscle, showing tissue deformations that mirror observations from magnetic resonance imaging. This paper tracks the redistribution of strain-energy potentials through the muscle tissue during fixed-end contractions, and shows how fibre shortening, pennation angle, transverse bulging and anisotropy in the stress and strain of the muscle tissue are all related to the interaction between the material properties of the muscle and the action of the contractile elements

Signals from the edges: The cortical hem and antihem in telencephalic development

The early cortical primordium develops from a sheet of neuroepithelium that is flanked by distinct signaling centers. Of these, the hem and the antihem are positioned as longitudinal stripes, running rostro-caudally along the medial and lateral faces, respectively, of each telencepahlic hemisphere. In this review we examine the similarities and differences in how these two signaling centers arise, their roles in patterning adjacent tissues, and the cells and structures they contribute to. Since both the hem and the antihem have been identified across many vertebrate phyla, they appear to be part of an evolutionary conserved set of mechanisms that play fundamental roles in forebrain development