Accidental Occupational Exposures among Dental Healthcare Workers in Asir Region, Saudi Arabia

Aims and objectives: This study aims to assess the prevalence of accidental occupational injuries among dental healthcare workers in Asir region, Saudi Arabia, and thus the risk involved. Materials and methods: Self-administered questionnaires were distributed among dental specialists, general dental practitioners, dental interns, hygienists and dental assistants working in dental college (College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, KSA). Dentists working in private clinics and government hospitals in Asir Province, Saudi Arabia, were also included in this study. Results: Of the total 300 questionnaires, 190 were returned with a response rate of 63.3%. Of the respondents, 138 (72.63%) were males and the rest 52 (27.3%) were females. The response rate in this study was 63.3%. The total number of occupational injuries among DHCWs was 138 (72.5%) with a density rate of 0.72 per 100 persons per year which is significantly high. In the present study, a higher incidence of injuries occurred in the dental operatory and most of them being from needlestick injuries, i.e. 78 (56.2%). Conclusion: (1) Accidental occupational exposure incidence rate among DHCWs in Asir region, Saudi Arabia, is high as compared to other studies, (2) the majority of the injuriesoccurred in the dental operatory. Most of these injuries were caused by syringe needles and involved the finger or thumb.&nbsp

Survival and Factors Associated with Failure of Pulpectomies Performed in Primary Teeth by Dental Students

Abstract Although endodontic treatment is widely recommended for compromised dental pulp, there is no information regarding the factors associated with failures in primary teeth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival and factors associated with failure of pulpectomies performed in primary teeth by dental students. The sample comprised patients treated at a University Dental Service and required endodontic treatment in primary teeth. The study investigated treatment-related variables and patient factors potentially associated with treatment failure. Pulpectomy survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier estimator followed by log-rank test (p<0.05). The analysis included 81 pulpectomies performed in 62 children (5.6±1.5 years). The survival reached 62.9% up to 12 months follow-up. Most failures occurred in the first 3 months (p<0.001). Teeth with carious lesions at the start of treatment presented more failures than those with restorations or history of trauma (p=0.002). The survival of endodontically treated teeth restored with composite was higher than the ones filled with GIC (p=0.006). Pulpectomy performed in two or more sessions resulted in more failures (p=0.028). Patients presenting gingivitis had more failures in the endodontic treatment (p=0.022). The failures of root canal treatment in primary teeth were more prone to occur in a short time and when the treatment was performed in teeth presenting carious lesions. The use of composite instead of GIC increased the survival of pulpectomies. Repeated sessions for endodontic treatment and lack of oral hygiene habits had a negative effect on the results

Knowledge of Australian primary education providers towards dental avulsion injuries: a cross-sectional study

Background/aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of school professionals regarding the emergency management of dental avulsion. Methods This cross‐sectional study utilised a self‐administered, pilot‐tested questionnaire for school staff from primary schools. Descriptive statistics were used for the analysis – the prevalence and univariate associations between a categorical outcome and the variables under consideration, were evaluated using Pearson’s Chi‐squared test. Results This survey yielded a response rate of 43.5% (n = 313). Approximately 60% of participants held valid first‐aid certificates and 23% had received avulsion advice previously. Over 80% of participants expressed an unwillingness to replant an avulsed tooth, and over 90% believed that there should be greater awareness in this area. This unwillingness to replant was influenced by respondents’ age (x2 = 8.13 df = 3, P = 0.043) and receiving advice previously (x2 = 13.15, df = 1, P < 0.001). Under‐preparedness was related to years of experience (x2 = 15.03, df = 5, P = 0.010), first‐aid training (x2 = 6.41, df = 1, P = 0.011) and receiving advice previously (x2 = 43.47, df = 1, P < 0.001). It was also evident that first‐aid training positively influenced appropriate dental referral in the management pathway (x2 = 10.49, df = 1, P = 0.001). Conclusion This study suggests that there is an inadequate level of knowledge on the appropriate management of dental avulsion injuries amongst primary school professionals in Australia

ALICE: Physics Performance Report, Volume II

ALICE is a general-purpose heavy-ion experiment designed to study the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the LHC. It currently involves more than 900 physicists and senior engineers, from both the nuclear and high-energy physics sectors, from over 90 institutions in about 30 countries. The ALICE detector is designed to cope with the highest particle multiplicities above those anticipated for Pb-Pb collisions (dN(ch)/dy up to 8000) and it will be operational at the start-up of the LHC. In addition to heavy systems, the ALICE Collaboration will study collisions of lower-mass ions, which are a means of varying the energy density, and protons (both pp and pA), which primarily provide reference data for the nucleus-nucleus collisions. In addition, the pp data will allow for a number of genuine pp physics studies. The detailed design of the different detector systems has been laid down in a number of Technical Design Reports issued between mid-1998 and the end of 2004. The experiment is currently under construction and will be ready for data taking with both proton and heavy-ion beams at the start-up of the LHC. Since the comprehensive information on detector and physics performance was last published in the ALICE Technical Proposal in 1996, the detector, as well as simulation, reconstruction and analysis software have undergone significant development. The Physics Performance Report (PPR) provides an updated and comprehensive summary of the performance of the various ALICE subsystems, including updates to the Technical Design Reports, as appropriate. The PPR is divided into two volumes. Volume I, published in 2004 (CERN/LHCC 2003-049, ALICE Collaboration 2004 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 30 1517-1763), contains in four chapters a short theoretical overview and an extensive reference list concerning the physics topics of interest to ALICE, the experimental conditions at the LHC, a short summary and update of the subsystem designs, and a description of the offline framework and Monte Carlo event generators. The present volume, Volume II, contains the majority of the information relevant to the physics performance in proton-proton, proton-nucleus, and nucleus-nucleus collisions. Following an introductory overview, Chapter 5 describes the combined detector performance and the event reconstruction procedures, based on detailed simulations of the individual subsystems. Chapter 6 describes the analysis and physics reach for a representative sample of physics observables, from global event characteristics to hard processes