Comparative assessment of prognosis of the stop stimulus and trapezoidal rotation programs

For prognosis of the diagnostic possibilities of the stop stimulus and trapezoidal rotation programs with respect to the nystagmus response, 24 healthy young persons with normal auditory and vestibular analysers were studied experimentally. The trapezoidal program more accurately reflects the function and tone balance of the vestibular system than the stop stimulus program and causes the subject no unpleasant sensations during the study. Some optimum couples, acceleration and armchair rotation rate, necessary for effective deviation of the cupuloendolymphatic system were determined. The maximum angular velocity of the slow nystagmus component was more informative than nystagmus duration. The trapezoidal program is recommended for otoneurological practice and the maximum angular velocity of the slow nystagmus component as the basic index

A simple questionnaire can change everything: Are strategy choices in coordination games stable?

This paper presents results from an experiment designed to study the effect of self reporting risk preferences on strategy choices made in a subsequently played 2x2 coordination game. The main finding is that the act of answering a questionnaire about one's own risk preferences significantly alters strategic behavior. Within a best response correspondence framework, this result can be explained by a change in either risk preferences or beliefs. We find that self reporting risk preferences induces an increase in subjects' risk aversion while keeping their beliefs unchanged. Our findings raise some questions about the stability of strategy choices in coordination games. --coordination game,questionnaire,risk preferences,beliefs,best response correspondence

Construction and analysis of surface phase diagrams to describe segregation and dissolution behavior of Al and Ca in Mg alloys

Segregation and dissolution behavior of Mg alloyed with Ca and Al are studied by performing density functional theory calculations considering an extensive set of surface structures and compositions. Combining a McLean-like approach to describe disordered surface structures with ab initio surface science approaches for ordered surface structures we construct surface phase diagrams for these alloys. We utilize these diagrams to study segregation phenomena and chemical trends for surfaces in contact with a dry environment or with an aqueous electrolyte. We show that the presence of water dramatically impacts the stability and chemical composition of the considered metallic surfaces. We furthermore find that the two alloying elements behave qualitatively different: whereas Ca strongly segregates to the surface and becomes dissolved upon exposure of the surface to water, Al shows an anti-segregation behavior, i.e., it remains in Mg bulk. These findings provide an explanation for the experimentally observed increase/decrease in corrosion rates when alloying Mg with Al/Ca

Kinetic hindrance during the initial oxidation of Pd(100) at ambient pressures

The oxidation of the Pd(100) surface at oxygen pressures in the 10^-6 to 10^3 mbar range and temperatures up to 1000 K has been studied in-situ by surface x-ray diffraction (SXRD). The results provide direct structural information on the phases present in the surface region and on the kinetics of the oxide formation. Depending on the (T,p) environmental conditions we either observe a thin sqrt(5) x sqrt(5) R27 surface oxide or the growth of a rough, poorly ordered bulk oxide film of PdO predominantly with (001) orientation. By either comparison to the surface phase diagram from first-principles atomistic thermodynamics or by explicit time-resolved measurements we identify a strong kinetic hindrance to the bulk oxide formation even at temperatures as high as 675 K.Comment: 4 pages including 4 figures, Related publications can be found at http://www.fhi-berlin.mpg.de/th/paper.htm

A simple questionnaire can change everything - are strategy choices in coordination games stable?

This paper presents results from an experiment designed to study the effect of self reporting risk preferences on strategy choices made in a subsequently played 2 X 2 coordination game. The main finding is that the act of answering a questionnaire about one’s own risk preferences significantly alters strategic behavior. Within a best response correspondence framework, this result can be explained by a change in either risk preferences or beliefs. We find that self reporting risk preferences induces an increase in subjects’ risk aversion while keeping their beliefs unchanged. Our findings raise some questions about the stability of strategy choices in coordination games

Drivers of Personal Health Information Privacy Concerns among Individuals in Developing Countries: A Conceptual Model

In recent years, there has been increased use of electronic healthcare (e-health) in developing countries. E-health can contribute immensely to addressing the myriad of health challenges facing these countries (e.g., extending geographic access to care, improving management of health information). The emergence of e-health, however, has raised individuals’ concerns about personal health information (PHI) privacy, being often identified as a key barrier to the successful implementation of e-health. To ensure the sustained growth and development of e-health in developing countries it is important to understand and respond appropriately to individuals’ concerns regarding the electronic storage, use and communication of PHI as well as the factors driving these concerns. This paper reports on a study which seeks to address the above research problem by developing and examining a model of key determinants of individual PHI privacy concerns in developing countries. More specifically, the study examines a model of the impacts of individual characteristics such as gender, individual experiences such as computer experience, and individual beliefs such as trust in e-health systems and trust in health services providers, on PHI privacy concerns. A survey study which tests the proposed model in the healthcare setting of Ghana, a Sub-Saharan African nation, is outlined. Implications for research and practice are also discussed

Do Individuals in Developing Countries Care about Personal Health Information Privacy? An Empirical Investigation

As developing countries migrate to electronic healthcare (e-health) systems, emerging case studies suggest concerns are being raised about the privacy and security of personal health information (PHI) (e.g., Bedeley & Palvia, 2014; Willyard, 2010). However, there is lack of consideration of PHI privacy in the development of e-health systems in these countries as developers and policy makers assume that individuals are in greater need of healthcare and may not care about issues such as privacy (Policy Engagement Network [PEN], 2010). To better understand these assumptions and concerns individuals may have about the digitization of their PHI, this study examined individuals’ privacy concerns regarding the use of electronic health record (EHR) systems by hospitals for storing and managing PHI. A survey was conducted on a sample of 276 individuals in Ghana, a Sub-Saharan African country. We analysed the dataset using t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Contradicting the assumption underlying e-health systems development, the results demonstrated that whilst individuals are less concerned about the collection of their PHI by hospitals, they are highly concerned about unauthorised secondary use, errors, and unauthorize access regarding their PHI stored in EHR systems. These concerns are especially greater for individuals with high computer experience and those who are extremely concerned about their health. Furthermore, compared with women and older individuals (35 years or older), men and younger individuals (aged 18-24) are more concerned about the collection of their PHI by hospitals. Implications for research and practice are discussed

Understanding the Impact of Perceived Negative Consequences on Personal Health Information Disclosure: The Case of Ghana

In developing countries increased investments in electronic health record (EHR) systems are fueling efforts to digitize personal health information (PHI). However, in countries where widespread diseases such as HIV/AIDS are heavily stigmatized, people may not want to disclose their health information fearing that digitization may lead to privacy loss and negative consequences should unintended others know about their infection. Drawing on the privacy calculus, this study will use a scenario-based survey approach to examine the impacts of particular negative consequences (i.e. emotional, economic, social consequences) alongside trust and privacy concerns on individuals’ PHI disclosure decisions in digitized settings. The results are expected to provide insights into the impact of negative consequences and yield recommendations to practice on addressing such concerns about the privacy management of people’s PH

A Simple Questionnaire Can Change Everything: Are Strategy Choices in Coordination Games Stable?

This paper presents results from an experiment designed to study the effect of self reporting risk preferences on strategy choices made in a subsequently played 2× 2 coordination game.The main finding is that the act of answering a questionnaire about one\u27s own risk preferences significantly alters strategic behavior. Within a best response correspondence framework, this result can be explained by a change in either risk preferences or beliefs. We find that self reporting risk preferences induces an increase in subjects\u27 risk aversion while keeping their beliefs unchanged. Our findings raise some questions about the stability of strategy choices in coordination games