Aesthetic, Ethical, and Cognitive Value

This paper addresses two recent debates in aesthetics: the ‘moralist debate’, concerning the relationship between the ethical and aesthetic evaluations of artworks, and the ‘cognitivist debate’, concerning the relationship between the cognitive and aesthetic evaluations of artworks. Although the two debates appear to concern quite different issues, I argue that the various positions in each are marked by the same types of confusions and ambiguities. In particular, they demonstrate a persistent and unjustified conflation of aesthetic and artistic value, which in turn is based on a more general failure to explicitly tackle the demarcation of aesthetic value. As such, the claims of each side are rendered ambiguous in respect of the relation that is supposed to hold between all these types of value and artistic value. These issues are discussed in light of a recent argument proposed by Matthew Kieran, to undermine, to some extent, the conceptual distinction between aesthetic, cognitive-ethical, and artistic values in our appraisal of art works. In rejecting his argument, I defend the conceptual distinction and a pluralistic conception of artistic value that allows for cognitive and ethical values to count as artistic, but not aesthetic, values

Imagination, Attitude, And Experience Inaesthetic Judgment

In this paper I wish to defend a particular form of the traditional, and now almost wholly unfashionable, notion of an aesthetic attitude

The Ursinus Weekly, March 15, 1948

Sophs transport Bit of Ireland here for semi-formal class dance Friday • Marshall Plan visioned only hope for peace by former UNRA chief • YMCA to sponsor Religious Emphasis Week, April 7 to 11 • Bears bow to PMC in league play-off after topping Swarthmore five, 49-37 • Men students vote to disband council • Opportunities in USAF to be described here • Y plans special vespers • Negro spirituals vesper topic • St. Joseph\u27s tripped, 36-35, by Ursinus debating team • Political parties, election theme for Y fireside chats Wednesday • Experimental group registers hit with presentation of Hellman\u27s Little Foxes • PAC schedules Washington trip • Late George Apley chosen as thespians\u27 spring play • Campaign begun to improve negro education standards • School principal to address FTA • Too many activities? • Baseball candidates start indoor season • Bearettes upset unbeaten Temple, 22-21, as Connie Warren nabs scoring honors • Three tussles inaugurate race for girls\u27 interdorm hoop crown • Badminton team loses 3-2 • Intramural schedule • Unique door prizes given at annual WAA minstrel • Chess team registers victoryhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/3126/thumbnail.jp

The Ursinus Weekly, February 9, 1948

Basketeers grab loop lead by thrashing Swarthmore, 49-38 • Color Day festivities here Thursday; Ursinus Women\u27s Club prexy to speak • Bertel, Widholm set pace as grizzlies register fifth win • Music of Clyde Walton sets tempo for dance at Sunnybrook Friday • Ursinus to debate G-burg next week • Thespians to attempt experimental theatre • Dr. Miller forum speaker • Harberger, M. Bell selected for leads in spring operetta • Enrollment augmented by 43 students; 14 seniors complete college careers • Rev. H. C. Baer vesper speaker • Y to hold services during Lent • Goal of 700 subscriptions set by \u2748 yearbook staff • Brotherhood of St. Paul plans Religious Emphasis Week events • Grapplers gain 16-16 tie with Mules; Duncan, Pond, Turner, Collins get wins • Bertel leads cagers to 59-44 victory over outclassed Drexel five • Snell\u27s belles whip East Stroudsburg in court opener • Matmen lose opener to Fords • Bears top Delaware 54-40; Jaffe leads scoring surge • Curtain Club announces promotion list • Frats begin week\u27s period of rushing • Sophs hold dance in gym; schedule hop for March 19 • Curtain Club to give pantomimehttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1630/thumbnail.jp

The Ursinus Weekly, October 6, 1947

Forty-seven seniors practice teaching in neighboring junior, senior highs • Cheer bruins to second win at pep rally and dance Friday • U.S. Navy to launch second college plan • Students pick two men for council vacancies • Newcomers greeted at annual Y. rally • Sophs devising new stunts for frosh; Noonday comedy at Freeland to go on • Editors reveal Ruby staff to class at first meeting • FTA will meet October 29; to induct new members • Pre-meds hear scientist • Library music room again open • Veteran enrollment soars to 424 • Leaders arrange calendar; movie scheduled for Friday • The new Russian empire • Fiction for this week: The great city; portrait of one man\u27s thwarted hopes • Alarm clocks obsolete as bell ringing returns • Ursinus contingent visits Aberdeen; demonstration thoroughly impressive • Bears tackle \u27Fords on Patterson Field in twenty-fifth battle of long series • Soccer team to open \u2747 campaign against Lafayette contingent • AVC begins campus activity; Warden calls for members • Bruins pummel Drexel Tech, 6-0, in football opener: Don Young tallies winning touchdown; fourth period plunge gives bears win • Meet Edna Daniels and Hilda Anderson, versatile co-captains of hockey squad • Mrs. Dando new instructress; to coach bearette swim squad • Ursinus lettermen plan Varsity Club activities • French Club active again; Parsons to sponsor group • College Glee Club meets; Marian Bell new president • Debaters get under way tonighthttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1622/thumbnail.jp

CD11d integrin blockade reduces the systemic inflammatory response syndrome after traumatic brain injury in rats

Traumatic CNS injury triggers a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), in which circulating inflammatory cells invade body organs causing local inflammation and tissue damage. We have shown that the SIRS caused by spinal cord injury is greatly reduced by acute intravenous treatment with an antibody against the CD11d subunit of the CD11d/CD18 integrin expressed by neutrophils and monocyte/macrophages, a treatment that reduces their efflux from the circulation. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a frequently occurring injury after motor vehicle accidents, sporting and military injuries, and falls. Our studies have shown that the anti-CD11d treatment diminishes brain inflammation and oxidative injury after moderate or mild TBI, improving neurological outcomes. Accordingly, we examined the impact of this treatment on the SIRS triggered by TBI. The anti-CD11d treatment was given at 2. h after a single moderate (2.5-3.0. atm) or 2 and 24. h after each of three consecutive mild (1.0-1.5. atm) fluid percussion TBIs. Sham-injured, saline-treated rats served as controls. At 24. h, 72. h, and 4 or 8. weeks after the single TBI and after the third of three TBIs, lungs of rats were examined histochemically, immunocytochemically and biochemically for downstream effects of SIRS including inflammation, tissue damage and expression of oxidative enzymes. Lung sections revealed that both the single moderate and repeated mild TBI caused alveolar disruption, thickening of inter-alveolar tissue, hemorrhage into the parenchyma and increased density of intra-and peri-alveolar macrophages. The anti-CD11d treatment decreased the intrapulmonary influx of neutrophils and the density of activated macrophages and the activity of myeloperoxidase after these TBIs. Moreover, Western blotting studies showed that the treatment decreased lung protein levels of oxidative enzymes gp91phox, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, as well as the apoptotic pathway enzyme caspase-3 and levels of 4-hydroxynonenal-bound proteins (an indicator of lipid peroxidation). Decreased expression of the cytoprotective transcription factor Nrf2 reflected decreased lung oxidative stress. Anti-CD11d treatment also diminished the lung concentration of free radicals and tissue aldehydes.In conclusion, the substantial lung component of the SIRS after single or repeated TBIs is significantly decreased by a simple, minimally invasive and short-lasting anti-inflammatory treatment

The Ursinus Weekly, October 20, 1947

Class of \u2751 names Justice president; Elect other officers for school year • Founders\u27 Day program to feature address by Gen. H. H. Arnold, AAF • Adiseshiah appeals for student relief; stresses urgent need in Y-forum talk • Frosh hold banquet despite pranksters • Sorority rushing begins; girls receive bids Friday • AVC meets, hears talk on activities, benefits • Men\u27s student council acts to alter old constitution • Large group begins Messiah rehearsals • Chem society meets tonite, research director to speak • Campus discovers gold mine of talent when frosh men present original show • Band still seeks members • First meeting of Judiciary Board • Seniors attend drama conference • Palestine, U.N.\u27s test • Ursinus grad to speak at art alliance exhibit • Evans represents debaters at Ben Franklin conference • Off-campus II team leading intra-mural football loop race • Bears engage old rival, Swarthmore, in game Saturday • Wrestling squad forming; to face CCNY, Muhlenberg • JV soccer team being organized • Informal cross-country squad to participate in meet at Muhlenberg • Non fiction: It happened in the Bronx ; anecdote of Manhattan after midnight • Library offers rare bargains in literature; attention, connoisseurs! • Men\u27s fall fashions show improvement; conservatism is trend in color, style • Wentzel writing script for television show starring local quartet • Fast Moravian outfit throttles grizzlies, 20-0, in night game • Bearettes trounce East Stroudsburg; McWilliams brilliant • Stevens Tech tops grizzly booters in hotly-contested tilt • Lassies open with win over Rosemont • Hockey Jayvees victorious; Girls pile up ten markers • IRC opens membership drive; applications accepted this week • Dorm candy sales started for benefit of Ruby fund • Episcopal students attend dinner at Evansburg church • FTA to hear professor Huhlfeldhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1623/thumbnail.jp