Effectiveness of Teachers’ use of Motivational Skills to enhance Student’s Academic Learning outcome

In this study, the researcher has a purpose to inform all our teachers, students, and parents about the impact on the effective use of teachers\u27 motivational skills in the teaching-learning process. The purpose and importance of motivation should be clearly understood by the teachers. The fundamental aim of effective use of teacher\u27s motivational skills is to stimulate and facilitate any learning activity. So teachers have a lot to do with student\u27s motivational learning as an effective form of learning is not possible without motivation. A student may attend the class with a certain degree of motivation, but the teacher\u27s behavior, teaching styles, the nature of the classroom environment, and informal interaction with students all have a large effect on student motivation. Since motivation help students to concentrate better and gain satisfaction, teachers need to provide continuous motivation in every teaching lesson.  This paper was a qualitative study based on in-depth semi-structured interviews which were limited to eighteen key informants due to the small size of the community. Data were analyzed with a content analysis approach. The study was conducted in two different schools in the same district.  The study determined that most of all our teachers in their various workplaces are experiencing numerous challenges and hardships while working hard to make teaching-learning interesting and meaningful. Some of the impeding factors included: lack of resources and training, lack of parental support and guidance, behavior and feedback, and the teacher-student relationship.  The findings revealed that to encourage learners to learn more effectively and become lifelong learners, our teachers need to enhance their knowledge and skills through the provision of various training, workshops, seminars, and other exchange programs on regular basis. If only then teachers motivate students, they will ultimately realize the learning purpose and achievable goal

Chapter 16 Bhutan

"The Routledge Handbook of Highland Asia is the first comprehensive and critical overview of the ethnographic and anthropological work in Highland Asia over the past half a century. Opening up a grand new space for critical engagement, the handbook presents Highland Asia as a world-region that cuts across the traditional divides inherited from colonial and Cold War area divisions - the Indian Subcontinent/South Asia, Southeast Asia, China/East Asia, and Central Asia. Thirty-two chapters assess the history of research, identify ethnographic trends, and evaluate a range of analytical themes that developed in particular settings of Highland Asia. They cover varied landscapes and communities, from Kyrgyzstan to India, from Bhutan to Vietnam and bring local voices and narratives relating trade and tribute, ritual and resistance, pilgrimage and prophecy, modernity and marginalization, capital and cosmos to the fore. The handbook shows that for millennia, Highland Asians have connected far-flung regions through movements of peoples, goods and ideas, and at all times have been the enactors, repositories, and mediators of world-historical processes. Taken together, the contributors and chapters subvert dominant lowland narratives by privileging primarily highland vantages that reveal Highland Asia as an ecumune and prism that refracts and generates global history, social theory, and human imagination. In the currently unfolding Asian Century, this compels us to reorient and re-envision Highland Asia, in ethnography, in theory, and in the connections between this world-region, made of hills, highlands and mountains, and a planetary context. The handbook reveals both regional commonalities and diversities, generalities and specificities, and a broad orientation to key themes in the region. An indispensable reference work, this handbook fills a significant gap in the literature and will be of interest to academics, researchers and students interested in Highland Asia, Zomia Studies, Anthropology, Comparative Politics, Conceptual History and Sociology, Southeast Asian Studies, Central Asian Studies and South Asian Studies as well as Asian Studies in general.

Who should be responsible for our general well-being? A Gross National Happiness approach to promoting a responsive and sustainable business community / Dorji Wangchuk and Thinley Tobgay

Roles and responsibilities of the business community towards society are underexplored and least understood by the business community as well as by the society in general. In the absence of any guideline on the societal responsibilities of the business community in Bhutan, an intellectual gap possibly exists between the ideology of Gross National Happiness and the roles of the business community. Thus, this review explores the tangible societal responsibilities of the business community. It also discusses the long-established arguments on the roles of business to society beyond profit-making and maximizing its financial well-being. Using keywords such as the business community, well-being, social responsibilities, Buddhist economics, western economies, and sustainable business, 114 articles were retrieved from the web-based resources. The data generated thus were analysed using the constant comparison analysis of QUAL approach. The finding indicates that the societal responsibility of the business community is an oxymoron conceptually. The paper also addresses the principles of Gross National Happiness as an approach to promoting an active and sustainable business community. However, indepth research is necessary to understand the roles and responsibilities of the business community in the context of Gross National Happiness

The temporal analysis of area capacity curve of Hirakud reservoir

Humans has found various ways to use water and construction of dam and reservoir for the storage being one of them. Water is stored to be used for purpose of drinking, irrigation, power generation, etc. The reservoir sedimentation plays a vital role in the determining the storage capacity in any reservoir thereby directly influencing the water available for irrigation, power generation. The rate of sedimentation of any reservoir or dam is defined by silt index. One of the most important physical characteristics of dams and their reservoirs are area-capacity curves. Area-capacity curves are important for defining the storage capacity of the reservoir, thereby can be used in reservoir operation, reservoir flood routing, determination of capacity and water spread corresponding to each elevation This study deals with analyzing the area capacity curve using ILWIS 3.3 software to find the area and cone formula to find the corresponding capacity or volume. Then thorough analysis of reduction in capacity from the time of construction to year 2012. It also deals with changes in water spread area for different reservoir for different year and the results obtained are compared for different years and RLs to the original data at the time when it was first functioned. The interest for studying Hirakud dam comes from it being the longest man-made dam in the world which extends 16 miles (26 Km) in length which was constructed in between 1948-1957 with estimated cost of 1.01 billion

Social, Cultural and Economic determinants of HIV/AIDS: A community case report of Bhutan

Background: Bhutan has a low-level HIV epidemic, with sporadic cases across the whole population. Our society is witnessing momentous social and cultural changes coinciding with the arc of the HIV pandemic. Therefore, this paper systematically assesses socio cultural determinants of HIV in Bhutan for appropriate responses to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030. Methods: We reviewed the literature relevant to HIV in Bhutan using appropriate search engines. We adapted Dahlgren and Whitehead’s model of social health determinants in the population as a conceptual framework. Results: Young age played the salient role between rapid sociocultural changes and HIV in Bhutan. Most teens are sexually active, has relaxed sexual norms, low condom use, and has multiple sexual partners. Gender identity and sexual orientation are increasingly fluid among transgender and gay/bisexual men. Worksites with migrants and entertainment venues are nexuses for sexual networking resulting in transactional/sex work. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a high potential for a shift from diffuse cases of HIV to more concentrated HIV epidemic. HIV responses need to be tailored specifically for key populations instead of the current generalized approach. We recommend community-based HIV Self Testing and social support to overcome the structural barriers to enhance case diagnosis.&nbsp

Construction Claim Types and Causes for a Large-Scale Hydropower Project in Bhutan

Hydropower construction projects are complex and uncertain, have long gestational periods and involve several parties. Furthermore, they require the integration of different components (Civil, Mechanical and Electrical) to work together as a single unit. These projects require highly specialised designs, detailed plans and specifications, high-risk construction methods, effective management, skilful supervision and close coordination. Thus, claims are common in such projects. These claims are undesirable because they require significant time and resources to resolve and cause adversarial relationships among the parties involved. Therefore, it is in the common interest of all involved parties to prevent, minimise, or resolve claims as amicably as possible. Identifying common claim types and their causes is essential in devising techniques to minimise and avoid them in future projects. This report details a case study performed on a large-scale hydropower project in Bhutan. The findings of this case study indicate that differing site conditions are the major contributor of impact and change claims and 95% of total claims can be settled by negotiation, whereas 5% of claims can be settled by arbitration