Self-management in women with stress incontinence: strategies, outcomes and integration into clinical care

The objective of this review is to present and discuss up-to-date conservative treatment strategies for the management of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women. This review aims to provide an overview of the importance of initial self-management strategies and conservative management options for women with SUI and how these treatments can be integrated into clinical practice. The various treatment modalities available including pelvic floor physiotherapy, biofeedback, and neuromuscular electrical stimulation devices, in addition to lifestyle changes which can significantly affect symptoms, are discussed. The relevance and importance of individual assessment and training programs is highlighted in addition to additional adjuncts available to facilitate rehabilitation and symptom improvement. Expected outcomes for women with mild to moderate SUI who participate in targeted individualized conservative management programs are generally good, with a high likelihood of substantial improvement in symptoms

A Hedged Monte Carlo Approach to Real Option Pricing

In this work we are concerned with valuing optionalities associated to invest or to delay investment in a project when the available information provided to the manager comes from simulated data of cash flows under historical (or subjective) measure in a possibly incomplete market. Our approach is suitable also to incorporating subjective views from management or market experts and to stochastic investment costs. It is based on the Hedged Monte Carlo strategy proposed by Potters et al (2001) where options are priced simultaneously with the determination of the corresponding hedging. The approach is particularly well-suited to the evaluation of commodity related projects whereby the availability of pricing formulae is very rare, the scenario simulations are usually available only in the historical measure, and the cash flows can be highly nonlinear functions of the prices.Comment: 25 pages, 14 figure

Relations between Financing and Output in the Not-for-Profit Hospital

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68639/2/10.1177_107755878804500204.pd

Effects of corporate tax reform on optimum debt maturity

Optimum debt maturity, Investment decision, Net present value, Corporate tax, H25, H32, M21, G31,

Market Timing and Capital Structure: Evidence for Dutch Firms

capital structure, market timing, C23, G32,

Fatores determinantes da estrutura de capital das maiores empresas que atuam no Brasil Determinant factors of capital structure for the largest companies active in Brazil

Estrutura de capital é um tema ainda controverso em teoria de finanças. Desde a discussão entre a teoria tradicional, que defende a existência de uma estrutura de capital ótima que leva à maximização do valor da empresa, e a proposta por Modigliani e Miller (1958), que considera que o valor da empresa não é afetado pela forma como ela é financiada, diversos estudos empíricos têm sido realizados com o objetivo de identificar os fatores que explicam a forma como as empresas se financiam. Esta pesquisa analisa a estrutura de capital das maiores empresas que atuam no Brasil, investigando a relação entre o nível de endividamento e os fatores apontados pela teoria como seu determinante. O estudo é baseado em dados contábeis extraídos das demonstrações financeiras de empresas de capital aberto e de empresas de capital fechado. A técnica estatística utilizada no estudo é a regressão linear múltipla. Os resultados indicam que os fatores risco, tamanho, composição dos ativos e crescimento são determinantes da estrutura de capital das empresas, enquanto que o fator rentabilidade não é determinante. Os resultados, também, mostram que o nível de endividamento da empresa não é afetado pelo fato de ela ser de capital aberto ou de capital fechado.<br>Capital structure is still a still controversial issue in finance theory. Since the discussion between traditional theory, which asserts the existence of an optimal capital structure that maximizes the firm’s value, and Modigliani and Miller’s theory (1958), which considers that the value of a firm is unaffected by how it is financed, many empirical studies have been carried out to identify the factors that explain how a firm finances itself. This research analyses the capital structure of the largest firms in Brazil and investigates the relationship between the leverage ratio and the factors indicated by theory as determinant. The study is based on accounting data extracted from the financial statements of publicly traded and private companies. Multiple linear regression was applied as a statistical technique. The results indicate that risk, firm size, fixed assets and growth are determinants of the firms’ capital structure, while profitability is not a determinant factor. The results also show that the firms’ leverage is unaffected by whether a firm is publicly-traded or private