Safety and Efficacy of Biologic Agents for the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease After Liver Transplantation

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141779/1/phar2036.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141779/2/phar2036_am.pd

Evaluation of a Weight‐based Rabbit Anti‐thymocyte Globulin Induction Dosing Regimen for Kidney Transplant Recipients

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/113166/1/phar1624.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/113166/2/phar1624_am.pd

Лечебно-диагностический алгоритм при очаговых тиреопатиях

Представлены современные данные о возможности развития тиреоидного рака на фоне доброкачественной патологии щитовидной железы, определены группы риска по развитию тиреоидных карцином. Разработан диагностический алгоритм своевременной и ранней диагностики рака щитовидной железы, предложены терапевтические подходы, направленные на предупреждение развития тиреоидного рака.Contemporary data about the possibility of thyroid carcinoma development against a background of thyroid pathology are presented. Risk groups of thyroid carcinoma development were determined. A diagnostic algorithm of timely and early diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma was worked out. Therapeutic approaches to prevention of thyroid cancer are suggested

Erasmus+ SERAFIN Project - Report on the reception and language training at the university for students in exile(s)

Ce rapport répond à l’un des objectifs du projet européen SERAFIN (Projet européen Erasmus+ 2022, Soutien à la formation des enseignants de langues pour favoriser l'inclusion des étudiants réfugiés dans l'enseignement supérieur) visant à donner un aperçu de l’accueil des personnes exilées (réfugiées, ou en cours de régularisation, demandeuses d’asile ou de protection subsidiaire et apatrides) inscrites dans les établissements universitaires des régions et/ou villes des institutions partenaires du consortium SERAFIN. Il s’agit d’examiner les structures d’accueil, le processus d'accompagnement ainsi que les programmes de formation linguistique existants, et de faire écho aux besoins des enseignant·es et des étudiant·es. Le rapport est basé sur des enquêtes qualitatives menées dans les universités de Grenoble (France), Liège (Belgique), Luxembourg, Rabat (Maroc), Saarbrücken (Allemagne) et Sherbrooke (Canada). Les données ont été récoltées par les membres du consortium SERAFIN et analysées entre octobre 2022 et juin 2023. Le présent rapport, destiné en priorité aux responsables institutionnels et au personnel éducatif, offre une synthèse des éléments-clés qui ressortent de chaque enquête. Il vise à améliorer la compréhension des besoins et des problématiques identifiées localement, à sensibiliser aux enjeux linguistiques et interculturels de l'éducation des étudiant·es en situations (au pluriel car nécessairement diverses) de migration forcée et à nourrir la réflexion sur la mise en place de programmes d'accueil et de formation linguistique efficaces, adaptés aux besoins réels des enseignant·es et des étudiant·es.Soutien à la formation des enseignants de langues pour favoriser l'inclusion des étudiants réfugiés dans l'enseignement supérieu

The changing spatial arrangements of global finance: Financial, social and legal infrastructures

The spatial arrangements of global finance have changed significantly over the last 30 years, entangling new actors, relations and sites. Infrastructures have developed to stabilize change and complexity. The collection advocates for a broader understanding of infrastructures that includes – but moves beyond – supporting technologies of Bloomberg terminals, telephony, and high-speed cabling. In particular, it highlights other infrastructural forms: financial institutions which govern and steer market action, social networks which organize financial practices and reproduce status-based power asymmetries and legal treatments which work across jurisdictions to open up opportunities for actors to innovate or avoid costs. This theme issue highlights how these different infrastructural forms support both changes and continuities in the global financial system and thus contributes to the literature on financialization, global financial networks and global wealth chains

Comparison of standard versus low‐dose valganciclovir regimens for cytomegalovirus prophylaxis in high‐risk liver transplant recipients

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of two valganciclovir (VGCV) institutional dosing protocols for cytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylaxis in liver transplant (LT) recipients with CMV serotype donor +/recipient‐ (D+/R−).MethodsThis was a single‐center review of CMV D+/R− adult LT recipients who received VGCV 450 mg/day for 90 days (low‐dose) or VGCV 900 mg/day for 180 days (standard‐dose). The primary outcome was incidence of CMV disease at 1 year. Secondary outcomes included rates of CMV syndrome, end‐organ disease, breakthrough infection, and resistance. Neutropenia, early discontinuation of VGCV, growth colony stimulating factors use (G‐CSF), biopsy‐proven rejection (BPAR), graft loss, and death at 1 year were analyzed.ResultsNinety‐six CMV D+/R− LT recipients were included. Although no difference in CMV disease was observed (low‐dose 26% vs. standard‐dose 23%, p = 0.71), 75% of CMV infections in the low‐dose group presented with end‐organ disease. Ganciclovir (GCV) resistance was observed only in the low‐dose group (n = 2). Significantly more patients in the standard‐dose group developed neutropenia (low‐dose 10% vs 60% standard‐dose, p < 0.001). In the standard‐dose group, 29% required early discontinuation of VGCV (vs. 5% in the low‐dose group, p < 0.001), and 20% were treated with G‐CSF. Both cohorts had similar rates of BPAR, graft loss, and death at 1 year.ConclusionsVGCV 900 mg/day for 180 days had higher rates of hematologic adverse effects resulting in frequent treatment interruptions. However, the occurrence of two cases of GCV‐resistant CMV disease raises concerns about routinely using low‐dose VGCV prophylaxis.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/170889/1/tid13713.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/170889/2/tid13713_am.pd

Oropharyngeal candidiasis outcomes in renal transplant recipients receiving nystatin versus no antifungal prophylaxis

ObjectiveTo compare the incidence of oropharyngeal candidiasis (OC), or thrush, in renal transplant recipients receiving nystatin versus no antifungal prophylaxis.MethodsThis was a single‐center, retrospective, non‐inferiority study of adult renal transplant recipients (RTRs) who received nystatin for 30 days for OC prophylaxis (nystatin group) or no antifungal prophylaxis therapy (No PPX group). The primary outcome was the incidence of OC within 3 months post‐transplant. Secondary outcomes included time to OC occurrence and severity of OC. The pre‐specified non‐inferiority margin was 10%.ResultsThe incidence of OC within 3 months post‐transplant among 257 RTRs was 7.8% (10/128) in the No PPX group and 4.7% (6/129) RTRs in the nystatin group, a risk difference of 3.2% (95% CI, −2.7% to 9.1%, non‐inferiority P = .04). The median time to OC was 7.5 days (IQR 6.3‐34.3 days) in the nystatin group and 9.5 days (IQR 5.3‐30.5 days) in the No PPX group (P = .64). Esophageal candidiasis was observed in 10% (1/10) of RTRs with OC in the No PPX group compared to 16.7% (1/6) RTRs in the nystatin group (P = 1.00). All RTRs with OC achieved symptom resolution with fluconazole and/or nystatin. Two patients in the No PPX group required readmission for decreased oral intake, and OC was diagnosed and treated during their hospital day.ConclusionsIn this retrospective study of adult RTRs, the absence of antifungal prophylaxis demonstrated non‐inferiority to 30‐day nystatin prophylaxis at reducing the incidence of OC within 3 months of transplant. OC prophylaxis may not be warranted after renal transplant.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/168352/1/tid13559_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/168352/2/tid13559.pd

Oropharyngeal candidiasis outcomes in renal transplant recipients receiving nystatin versus no antifungal prophylaxis

ObjectiveTo compare the incidence of oropharyngeal candidiasis (OC), or thrush, in renal transplant recipients receiving nystatin versus no antifungal prophylaxis.MethodsThis was a single‐center, retrospective, non‐inferiority study of adult renal transplant recipients (RTRs) who received nystatin for 30 days for OC prophylaxis (nystatin group) or no antifungal prophylaxis therapy (No PPX group). The primary outcome was the incidence of OC within 3 months post‐transplant. Secondary outcomes included time to OC occurrence and severity of OC. The pre‐specified non‐inferiority margin was 10%.ResultsThe incidence of OC within 3 months post‐transplant among 257 RTRs was 7.8% (10/128) in the No PPX group and 4.7% (6/129) RTRs in the nystatin group, a risk difference of 3.2% (95% CI, −2.7% to 9.1%, non‐inferiority P = .04). The median time to OC was 7.5 days (IQR 6.3‐34.3 days) in the nystatin group and 9.5 days (IQR 5.3‐30.5 days) in the No PPX group (P = .64). Esophageal candidiasis was observed in 10% (1/10) of RTRs with OC in the No PPX group compared to 16.7% (1/6) RTRs in the nystatin group (P = 1.00). All RTRs with OC achieved symptom resolution with fluconazole and/or nystatin. Two patients in the No PPX group required readmission for decreased oral intake, and OC was diagnosed and treated during their hospital day.ConclusionsIn this retrospective study of adult RTRs, the absence of antifungal prophylaxis demonstrated non‐inferiority to 30‐day nystatin prophylaxis at reducing the incidence of OC within 3 months of transplant. OC prophylaxis may not be warranted after renal transplant.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/168352/1/tid13559_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/168352/2/tid13559.pd

THREE HOURS OF MODERATE INTENSITY EXERCISE TRAINING REDUCES GLUCOSE TOLERANCE IN ENDURANCE TRAINED ATHLETES

BACKGROUND It is well accepted that exercise training improves glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity, and that endurance trained athletes in general show a high capacity for these parameters and excellent metabolic control. However, some studies fail to observe positive effects on glucose regulation in healthy, trained subjects the day after exercise. These, often unexpected, results have been postulated to be caused by excessive training loads, muscle damage, energy deficit, differences in glucose uptake in the exercised and non-exercised musculature and a metabolic interaction through increased fatty acid metabolism which suppresses glucose oxidation and uptake. The mode or volume of exercise that can lead to glucose intolerance in trained athletes as well as mechanistic insights and its relevance for health and performance are, however, not fully understood. AIM We studied the metabolic response to a glucose load the day after a session of high intensity interval training (HIIT) or three hours of continuous exercise (3h) in endurance trained athletes and compared the results with measurements during rest. METHOD Nine endurance trained athletes (5 females, 4 males) underwent oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) after rest and ~14 hours after exercise on a cycle ergometer (HIIT 5x4 minutes at ~95% of VO2max or 3h at 65% of VO2max). Venous blood was sampled at 15-minute intervals for 120 minutes and concentrations of glucose, insulin, free fatty acids (FFA) and ketones (β-hydroxybutyrate) were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using a RM one-way ANOVA with the Giesser-Greenhouse correction and Dunnett’s test was used to compare the exercise conditions to the resting condition. RESULTS The area under the curve (AUC) during the OGTT increased greatly after 3h (668±124 mM · min) (p&lt;0.01) compared to rest (532±89) but was found to be unchanged after HIIT (541±96). Resting values of FFA and ketones were increased after 3h (p&lt;0.01 and p&lt;0.05, respectively) but not after HIIT. Insulin was found to be unaltered during all conditions. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Here, we show manifestation of glucose intolerance in endurance trained athletes together with concomitant increases in plasma concentrations of FFA and ketones the day after a session of prolonged exercise training but not after HIIT. This could be a protective response for securing glucose delivery to the brain and therefore have a positive effect on endurance. It also has the potential to reduce the recovery of glycogen depots, glucose uptake during exercise and performance at higher work rates